This document discusses telecommunication infrastructure, retailing, billing, and quality of service. It begins by defining infrastructure and service providers, describing categories of infrastructure like internet and cell phone networks. It then discusses telecom retailing, describing features like technology drivers and market competition. The document also summarizes the billing structures of two telecom organizations and the roles of regulatory bodies in measuring quality of service standards.
Basics of telecommunication and networkingMilan Padariya
Telecommunication enables people to talk via electronic media and Networking enables more than one computers to connect and share the information. In today's business telecommunication and networking play an important role. Also wireless technologies like bluetooth and Wi-Fi make easy transaction for any IT enable business.
Vodafone summer internship- Branding & Pos Material developmentAbhimanyu Singh
This topic was undertaken during my summer internship at Vodafone in April, 2012. the job was to understand the importance of branding, particularly in store branding for vodafone in multi-brand outlets. to understand the the effect of point of sale materials on both customers and retailers. a detailed market survey was conducted in Bangalore covering 12 towns and some 250 retail outlets. the second part of my internship was to devise a new point of sale material for instore branding of retail outlets. I came up with dedicated merchandise holders for vodafone posters and information cards as traditional practice is to paste posters on walls which were later overlapped by competitors posters`. this was seen as a disadvantage for both retailers and the company in terms of visibility and information providing. A pilot project was conducted to find the acceptability of the new point of sale material. all the retailers who were a part of the pilot project agreed to keep the holder as they found them useful.
This document provides an overview of mobile computing. It discusses the distinction between wireless and mobile technologies, different mobile devices, challenges of mobile computing including bandwidth limitations and security issues, applications of mobile computing in various industries, and the future of wireless internet access. The document contains content on introduction, definitions, challenges, merits and applications of mobile computing over 16 pages.
Current Trends in Networking (Assignment)Gochi Ugo
This paper is the answer to the assessment questions of the Current Trends In Networking module of BSc. Computing (Information Management) of Anglia Ruskin University
This document discusses how investments in communications technologies can boost a nation's competitiveness globally. It argues that enhancing communications for business workers, such as through integrated access networks, can significantly increase productivity and competitiveness at the national level. The technologies needed to provide advanced communications services to remote business sites, such as small branch offices, are analyzed. These include asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks, which can transport data, voice and video in a unified way over a variety of physical layer technologies to create a flexible, non-hierarchical system.
Given the central role of telecommunications in the global economy and in the lives of humans worldwide, an understanding of innovation in telecommunications is critical to understanding the global dynamics of innovation generally. The technical, economic, and political dynamism of the sector means that there could be no better time for this work.
The document discusses broadband services provided by BSNL. It defines broadband as a high-speed, always-on internet connection with a minimum download speed of 256 kbps. Broadband offers advantages like fast access to the internet, video on demand, interactive gaming, audio/video conferencing, and distance learning. BSNL provides broadband through various wired and wireless technologies depending on factors like population density, existing infrastructure, government policies, and technology evolution. The network architecture has three parts - the last mile access network connecting subscribers, a metro area network comprising the core network, and service provisioning equipment at the provider's premises.
This document summarizes a presentation on 5G mobile technology. It discusses how 5G will change how people access their phones by offering higher bandwidth and data transmission rates. It provides an overview of the evolution of mobile networks from 1G to 5G, describing the key technologies of each generation. It also discusses some of the architectural aspects of 5G networks, including using IPv6 to support seamless connectivity across different networks and technologies.
Basics of telecommunication and networkingMilan Padariya
Telecommunication enables people to talk via electronic media and Networking enables more than one computers to connect and share the information. In today's business telecommunication and networking play an important role. Also wireless technologies like bluetooth and Wi-Fi make easy transaction for any IT enable business.
Vodafone summer internship- Branding & Pos Material developmentAbhimanyu Singh
This topic was undertaken during my summer internship at Vodafone in April, 2012. the job was to understand the importance of branding, particularly in store branding for vodafone in multi-brand outlets. to understand the the effect of point of sale materials on both customers and retailers. a detailed market survey was conducted in Bangalore covering 12 towns and some 250 retail outlets. the second part of my internship was to devise a new point of sale material for instore branding of retail outlets. I came up with dedicated merchandise holders for vodafone posters and information cards as traditional practice is to paste posters on walls which were later overlapped by competitors posters`. this was seen as a disadvantage for both retailers and the company in terms of visibility and information providing. A pilot project was conducted to find the acceptability of the new point of sale material. all the retailers who were a part of the pilot project agreed to keep the holder as they found them useful.
This document provides an overview of mobile computing. It discusses the distinction between wireless and mobile technologies, different mobile devices, challenges of mobile computing including bandwidth limitations and security issues, applications of mobile computing in various industries, and the future of wireless internet access. The document contains content on introduction, definitions, challenges, merits and applications of mobile computing over 16 pages.
Current Trends in Networking (Assignment)Gochi Ugo
This paper is the answer to the assessment questions of the Current Trends In Networking module of BSc. Computing (Information Management) of Anglia Ruskin University
This document discusses how investments in communications technologies can boost a nation's competitiveness globally. It argues that enhancing communications for business workers, such as through integrated access networks, can significantly increase productivity and competitiveness at the national level. The technologies needed to provide advanced communications services to remote business sites, such as small branch offices, are analyzed. These include asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks, which can transport data, voice and video in a unified way over a variety of physical layer technologies to create a flexible, non-hierarchical system.
Given the central role of telecommunications in the global economy and in the lives of humans worldwide, an understanding of innovation in telecommunications is critical to understanding the global dynamics of innovation generally. The technical, economic, and political dynamism of the sector means that there could be no better time for this work.
The document discusses broadband services provided by BSNL. It defines broadband as a high-speed, always-on internet connection with a minimum download speed of 256 kbps. Broadband offers advantages like fast access to the internet, video on demand, interactive gaming, audio/video conferencing, and distance learning. BSNL provides broadband through various wired and wireless technologies depending on factors like population density, existing infrastructure, government policies, and technology evolution. The network architecture has three parts - the last mile access network connecting subscribers, a metro area network comprising the core network, and service provisioning equipment at the provider's premises.
This document summarizes a presentation on 5G mobile technology. It discusses how 5G will change how people access their phones by offering higher bandwidth and data transmission rates. It provides an overview of the evolution of mobile networks from 1G to 5G, describing the key technologies of each generation. It also discusses some of the architectural aspects of 5G networks, including using IPv6 to support seamless connectivity across different networks and technologies.
5G technologies will change the way most high-bandwidth users access their phones. With 5G pushed over a VOIP-enabled device, people will experience a level of call volume and data transmission never experienced before.5G technology is offering the services in Product Engineering, Documentation, supporting electronic transactions (e-Payments, e-transactions) etc. As the customer becomes more and more aware of the mobile phone technology, he or she will look for a decent package all together, including all the advanced features a cellular phone can have. Hence the search for new technology is always the main motive of the leading cell phone giants to out innovate their competitors. Recently apple has produced shivers all around the electronic world by launching its new handset, the I-phone. Features that are getting embedded in such a small piece of electronics are huge.
The document discusses 5G mobile technologies and the evolution of networks from 1G to 5G. Some key points:
1) 5G will provide significantly higher bandwidth and data transmission rates compared to previous generations. It will allow seamless connectivity globally.
2) Each generation (1G to 5G) provides improved technologies over the last, increasing bandwidth, functionality and connectivity. 5G will be based on an all-IP infrastructure using IPv6 to provide uniform services.
3) 5G aims to use network resources more efficiently through techniques like combining bandwidth from multiple overlapping networks and intelligent distribution of internet access within buildings.
Powerwave deployed North America's first indoor multi-carrier wireless network at AOL's national headquarters campus. AOL's campus previously had spotty and unreliable wireless coverage due to the building materials, frustrating employees. Powerwave conducted a survey and designed a solution using their LinkNet Convergence Platform to extend coverage of 11 wireless carriers throughout the campus buildings. This single turn-key solution from Powerwave efficiently resolved AOL's wireless issues, allowing employees to use their wireless devices anywhere on campus.
This document discusses the telecom vertical and OEM industry. It defines an OEM as an original equipment manufacturer and lists the roles and responsibilities of an OEM such as developing strategies, project planning, and managing stakeholders. It then lists several major Indian telecom OEM companies and the top market player, ZTE Corporation, which is the second largest mobile phone manufacturer. ZTE manufactures a wide range of telecom products including wireless, exchange, access, and optical transmission equipment as well as mobile phones, software, and value added services.
The document describes a proposed Wi-Fi calling system called Wi-Call that allows voice and data communication between Wi-Fi enabled devices on a local area network (LAN) without using an internet or cellular connection. It works by converting voice signals to IP packets and transmitting them over the LAN. The system uses a web application to register users and map their IP addresses so calls can be routed properly within the dynamic IP environment of a LAN. It aims to reduce communication costs for organizations by providing free calling and data transmission within the LAN.
1) Mobile broadband is becoming the dominant means of global connectivity as data traffic and usage increases significantly.
2) The telecom industry is facing challenges of diverging traffic and revenue growth, requiring new business models and more efficient networks.
3) A paradigm shift is needed towards more sustainable approaches like network sharing, intelligent and efficient networks, new revenue streams, and innovations like carrier cloud and femtocells.
Direct Internet Offload is a method for carriers to divert mobile data traffic away from their cellular networks and onto Wi-Fi networks to reduce congestion and costs. It allows carriers to bypass visibility of subscribers on their core networks. Carriers can implement Direct Internet Offload by building out their own carrier Wi-Fi networks or partnering with Wi-Fi aggregators. Doing it through their own Wi-Fi networks allows carriers to retain more control over the user experience and potentially generate revenue from Wi-Fi access over time. Greenpacket's solutions help carriers implement Direct Internet Offload in a secure and seamless way for subscribers without changing how they use their devices.
This document summarizes the Indian telecom equipment manufacturing industry. It outlines the history and current state, major players, equipment provided, revenues, market share, demand, and SWOT analysis. The top 13 companies are listed with the services and equipment they provide like wireless equipment, IP and packet switching, broadband equipment, and backhaul transmission equipment. Market share and revenues for 2010 and projections for 2020 are provided. Overall, it finds that India has strong growth potential in telecom equipment manufacturing due to large domestic demand, technical workforce, and management experience, but needs to improve supply chains and R&D to increase value addition.
WiMAX is a wireless technology that provides broadband internet access over long distances at high speeds. The document discusses a market survey conducted in Mumbai by MSG to identify potential areas for Tata Communications to set up WiMAX towers. MSG divided Mumbai into grids and polygons and collected data on building rentals, roads, and infrastructure to identify economically viable areas. The survey found that MTNL is a major competitor in Mumbai. The objectives of the study were to measure the market potential, identify competitors, specify suitable locations, and help develop strategies for Tata Communications' WiMAX services.
Shashank Narayan completed a summer training internship at Bharti Airtel Ltd. in their UNOC department in Manesar, Haryana. The report provides an overview of the internship, including detailing various telecommunication technologies like PDH, SDH, DWDM, and network performance monitoring tools used by Airtel. It acknowledges the guidance received from managers during the training period.
J’son & Partners Consulting presents the results of the research “Equipment market and prospects of the implementation of new services based on the technology of transmitting multimedia content on the basis of the IP protocol (IP Multimedia Subsystem, IMS)”
More reports available on our website: http://bit.ly/16Znqpx
Find video about J’son & Partners Consulting on Json TV: http://bit.ly/1432QJV
The document provides an overview of Tata Group, one of India's largest conglomerates. It notes that Tata Group has over 100 operating companies across 7 sectors and 6 continents, with over $100 billion in annual revenue and 600,000+ employees worldwide. The document then summarizes some of Tata Group's business segments and offerings related to information and communications technology, including telecommunications infrastructure, software services, and enterprise mobility and connectivity solutions.
This presentation provides an overview of advanced telecom technologies, including digital switching principles, fiber optics communication, mobile communication principles like GSM and CDMA, broadband DSL technologies, intelligent networks, ISDN, and next generation networks. It was presented by Ashish Nandan to the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering at Future Institute of Engineering and Management.
1) Mobile operators are pursuing fixed-mobile convergence (FMC) using IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) platforms to deliver voice services over both fixed and mobile networks. However, as high-speed internet access comes to mobile phones, VoIP services will threaten mobile operators.
2) FMC allows mobile operators to leverage their large customer base initially. But as 3G data services and WiFi networking expand, VoIP providers like Skype will be able to directly compete.
3) To survive long-term, mobile operators must split their business into a mobile access provider and branded internet services, similar to how AOL transitioned from an integrated ISP/content provider. They need to develop internet brands now
The document discusses 3G Femto Home Access, which uses small low-power 3G base stations (Femto cells) connected to residential broadband to provide excellent 3G coverage and capacity in users' homes. This is seen as the third wave of indoor coverage solutions that can reach the mass consumer market through a plug-and-play approach. An open and standardized architecture is proposed using Iu interfaces and a new Femto Gateway network element to connect Femto cells independently of the macro network in a scalable way.
i-mode is a wireless service developed by NTT DoCoMo that provides email, internet access, and other multimedia services to mobile phones. It uses cHTML, a subset of HTML, to display webpages on small screens. i-mode was launched in 1999 and became very popular in Japan with over 45 million subscribers due to its convenient features. It uses a packet-switched network and protocols based on TCP/IP to deliver an "always on" internet experience to users on-the-go.
The document is a report on broadband access technologies submitted by Satish Masina for their Bachelor of Technology degree. It provides an overview of Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), the largest telecommunications provider in India. It discusses BSNL's infrastructure and services, as well as the National Internet Backbone. It also covers various broadband technologies used by BSNL like DSL, ADSL, VDSL, Wi-Fi and WiMax. The report aims to provide information on the technologies enabling broadband access in India.
This document is a class report on Verizon Communications prepared by Nishit Upadhyay for his professor Mr. Snehal Bhatt. It provides details about Verizon such as its ranking on the Fortune 500 list, leadership, products and services, financial performance, and competitors. Verizon is a major telecommunications company and the largest provider of wireless services in the United States, with over 100 million subscribers. The report includes a SWOT analysis and discusses Verizon's commitment to corporate social responsibility.
Introduction to mobile communications – pro series – v1.1 previewCommsbrief Limited
Do you have an important meeting with a mobile operator or vendor, and you know nothing about the telco industry? Don’t worry; we can help you prepare for the discussion. These slides will give you a guided tour of the industry in a simplified way so you can cover the basics whilst learning about the challenges operators and vendors face.
The document discusses configuring and securing a switch for use in a network. It describes summarizing Ethernet operations, switch forwarding methods, configuring a switch using Cisco IOS including navigation, help features, and basic configuration. It also covers configuring basic switch security through password protection, login banners, SSH, and disabling unused ports.
Overview of business
INDEX
Types Of Business
Industrial Sector
Globalization
Definition:
Business is an economic activity involving the regular production or distribution of goods and services with the objective of earning profits through the satisfaction of human wants.
Types of business:
1.Service
2.Manufacturing
3.Trade
Service
Service industry is the major type of business running in India. Examples – entertainment, consultancy, banking, telecommunication, call centres, KPO, etc.Service is different from manufacturing and trading of goods.
Manufacturing
In manufacturing, the items are produced using raw materials with the help of different engineering process and technologies. Other business depend on manufacturing. Hence it is very important. Example- machines, automobiles, stationary, etc.
Trade
These enterprises are concerned with the distribution of products i.e. sale of products , distribution, transfer, exchange of goods to business houses as well as consumers. Trading enterprises may be found operating in form of :
Wholesale
Retail
Import and export
Investment trusts, etc.
Types Of Industrial Sector
Trade
Automobile
Cement
Chemicals
Pharmaceuticals
Engineering goods
Jute
Iron and steel
Village industries
Petrochemical
Rubber & leather products
Small scale industries
Sugar
Tea
Textile
Agro based
Food based
Handicrafts, etc.
Engineering Industry
Engineering industry mainly deals with:
Design
Manufacture
Operations of structures, machines, or devices.
This industry primarily includes sectors like:
Civil
Computer and IT
Industrial
Electrical
Mechanical
Chemical
Process Industry
The process industries do different processes on the raw material to produce the final product.
The process could be either continuous or occur on a batch of materials.
Examples:
Wood and wooden products
Chemicals
Paper
Textile
Coal
Rubber
Plastics, etc.
Textile Industry
Textile industry deals with design and manufacturing of clothing products. Indian textile industries are one of the leading in the world. It includes following sectors:
Cotton
Jute
Sericulture
Wool and woollen
Man made fibre/ filament yarn
IT Industry
Information technology (IT) industry in India has played a key role in putting India on the global map. IT industry in India has been one of the most significant growth contributors for the Indian economy.
Major IT companies are:
Infosys
Accenture
Cognizant
CMC
Wipro
Oracle, etc.
Globalization
Globalization (or globalisation) is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas and other aspects of culture.
Globalization has allowed companies to increase their base of operations. It has supported companies to expand their workspace with relatively small investments and provide novel services to a wide range of consumers.
5G technologies will change the way most high-bandwidth users access their phones. With 5G pushed over a VOIP-enabled device, people will experience a level of call volume and data transmission never experienced before.5G technology is offering the services in Product Engineering, Documentation, supporting electronic transactions (e-Payments, e-transactions) etc. As the customer becomes more and more aware of the mobile phone technology, he or she will look for a decent package all together, including all the advanced features a cellular phone can have. Hence the search for new technology is always the main motive of the leading cell phone giants to out innovate their competitors. Recently apple has produced shivers all around the electronic world by launching its new handset, the I-phone. Features that are getting embedded in such a small piece of electronics are huge.
The document discusses 5G mobile technologies and the evolution of networks from 1G to 5G. Some key points:
1) 5G will provide significantly higher bandwidth and data transmission rates compared to previous generations. It will allow seamless connectivity globally.
2) Each generation (1G to 5G) provides improved technologies over the last, increasing bandwidth, functionality and connectivity. 5G will be based on an all-IP infrastructure using IPv6 to provide uniform services.
3) 5G aims to use network resources more efficiently through techniques like combining bandwidth from multiple overlapping networks and intelligent distribution of internet access within buildings.
Powerwave deployed North America's first indoor multi-carrier wireless network at AOL's national headquarters campus. AOL's campus previously had spotty and unreliable wireless coverage due to the building materials, frustrating employees. Powerwave conducted a survey and designed a solution using their LinkNet Convergence Platform to extend coverage of 11 wireless carriers throughout the campus buildings. This single turn-key solution from Powerwave efficiently resolved AOL's wireless issues, allowing employees to use their wireless devices anywhere on campus.
This document discusses the telecom vertical and OEM industry. It defines an OEM as an original equipment manufacturer and lists the roles and responsibilities of an OEM such as developing strategies, project planning, and managing stakeholders. It then lists several major Indian telecom OEM companies and the top market player, ZTE Corporation, which is the second largest mobile phone manufacturer. ZTE manufactures a wide range of telecom products including wireless, exchange, access, and optical transmission equipment as well as mobile phones, software, and value added services.
The document describes a proposed Wi-Fi calling system called Wi-Call that allows voice and data communication between Wi-Fi enabled devices on a local area network (LAN) without using an internet or cellular connection. It works by converting voice signals to IP packets and transmitting them over the LAN. The system uses a web application to register users and map their IP addresses so calls can be routed properly within the dynamic IP environment of a LAN. It aims to reduce communication costs for organizations by providing free calling and data transmission within the LAN.
1) Mobile broadband is becoming the dominant means of global connectivity as data traffic and usage increases significantly.
2) The telecom industry is facing challenges of diverging traffic and revenue growth, requiring new business models and more efficient networks.
3) A paradigm shift is needed towards more sustainable approaches like network sharing, intelligent and efficient networks, new revenue streams, and innovations like carrier cloud and femtocells.
Direct Internet Offload is a method for carriers to divert mobile data traffic away from their cellular networks and onto Wi-Fi networks to reduce congestion and costs. It allows carriers to bypass visibility of subscribers on their core networks. Carriers can implement Direct Internet Offload by building out their own carrier Wi-Fi networks or partnering with Wi-Fi aggregators. Doing it through their own Wi-Fi networks allows carriers to retain more control over the user experience and potentially generate revenue from Wi-Fi access over time. Greenpacket's solutions help carriers implement Direct Internet Offload in a secure and seamless way for subscribers without changing how they use their devices.
This document summarizes the Indian telecom equipment manufacturing industry. It outlines the history and current state, major players, equipment provided, revenues, market share, demand, and SWOT analysis. The top 13 companies are listed with the services and equipment they provide like wireless equipment, IP and packet switching, broadband equipment, and backhaul transmission equipment. Market share and revenues for 2010 and projections for 2020 are provided. Overall, it finds that India has strong growth potential in telecom equipment manufacturing due to large domestic demand, technical workforce, and management experience, but needs to improve supply chains and R&D to increase value addition.
WiMAX is a wireless technology that provides broadband internet access over long distances at high speeds. The document discusses a market survey conducted in Mumbai by MSG to identify potential areas for Tata Communications to set up WiMAX towers. MSG divided Mumbai into grids and polygons and collected data on building rentals, roads, and infrastructure to identify economically viable areas. The survey found that MTNL is a major competitor in Mumbai. The objectives of the study were to measure the market potential, identify competitors, specify suitable locations, and help develop strategies for Tata Communications' WiMAX services.
Shashank Narayan completed a summer training internship at Bharti Airtel Ltd. in their UNOC department in Manesar, Haryana. The report provides an overview of the internship, including detailing various telecommunication technologies like PDH, SDH, DWDM, and network performance monitoring tools used by Airtel. It acknowledges the guidance received from managers during the training period.
J’son & Partners Consulting presents the results of the research “Equipment market and prospects of the implementation of new services based on the technology of transmitting multimedia content on the basis of the IP protocol (IP Multimedia Subsystem, IMS)”
More reports available on our website: http://bit.ly/16Znqpx
Find video about J’son & Partners Consulting on Json TV: http://bit.ly/1432QJV
The document provides an overview of Tata Group, one of India's largest conglomerates. It notes that Tata Group has over 100 operating companies across 7 sectors and 6 continents, with over $100 billion in annual revenue and 600,000+ employees worldwide. The document then summarizes some of Tata Group's business segments and offerings related to information and communications technology, including telecommunications infrastructure, software services, and enterprise mobility and connectivity solutions.
This presentation provides an overview of advanced telecom technologies, including digital switching principles, fiber optics communication, mobile communication principles like GSM and CDMA, broadband DSL technologies, intelligent networks, ISDN, and next generation networks. It was presented by Ashish Nandan to the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering at Future Institute of Engineering and Management.
1) Mobile operators are pursuing fixed-mobile convergence (FMC) using IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) platforms to deliver voice services over both fixed and mobile networks. However, as high-speed internet access comes to mobile phones, VoIP services will threaten mobile operators.
2) FMC allows mobile operators to leverage their large customer base initially. But as 3G data services and WiFi networking expand, VoIP providers like Skype will be able to directly compete.
3) To survive long-term, mobile operators must split their business into a mobile access provider and branded internet services, similar to how AOL transitioned from an integrated ISP/content provider. They need to develop internet brands now
The document discusses 3G Femto Home Access, which uses small low-power 3G base stations (Femto cells) connected to residential broadband to provide excellent 3G coverage and capacity in users' homes. This is seen as the third wave of indoor coverage solutions that can reach the mass consumer market through a plug-and-play approach. An open and standardized architecture is proposed using Iu interfaces and a new Femto Gateway network element to connect Femto cells independently of the macro network in a scalable way.
i-mode is a wireless service developed by NTT DoCoMo that provides email, internet access, and other multimedia services to mobile phones. It uses cHTML, a subset of HTML, to display webpages on small screens. i-mode was launched in 1999 and became very popular in Japan with over 45 million subscribers due to its convenient features. It uses a packet-switched network and protocols based on TCP/IP to deliver an "always on" internet experience to users on-the-go.
The document is a report on broadband access technologies submitted by Satish Masina for their Bachelor of Technology degree. It provides an overview of Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), the largest telecommunications provider in India. It discusses BSNL's infrastructure and services, as well as the National Internet Backbone. It also covers various broadband technologies used by BSNL like DSL, ADSL, VDSL, Wi-Fi and WiMax. The report aims to provide information on the technologies enabling broadband access in India.
This document is a class report on Verizon Communications prepared by Nishit Upadhyay for his professor Mr. Snehal Bhatt. It provides details about Verizon such as its ranking on the Fortune 500 list, leadership, products and services, financial performance, and competitors. Verizon is a major telecommunications company and the largest provider of wireless services in the United States, with over 100 million subscribers. The report includes a SWOT analysis and discusses Verizon's commitment to corporate social responsibility.
Introduction to mobile communications – pro series – v1.1 previewCommsbrief Limited
Do you have an important meeting with a mobile operator or vendor, and you know nothing about the telco industry? Don’t worry; we can help you prepare for the discussion. These slides will give you a guided tour of the industry in a simplified way so you can cover the basics whilst learning about the challenges operators and vendors face.
The document discusses configuring and securing a switch for use in a network. It describes summarizing Ethernet operations, switch forwarding methods, configuring a switch using Cisco IOS including navigation, help features, and basic configuration. It also covers configuring basic switch security through password protection, login banners, SSH, and disabling unused ports.
Overview of business
INDEX
Types Of Business
Industrial Sector
Globalization
Definition:
Business is an economic activity involving the regular production or distribution of goods and services with the objective of earning profits through the satisfaction of human wants.
Types of business:
1.Service
2.Manufacturing
3.Trade
Service
Service industry is the major type of business running in India. Examples – entertainment, consultancy, banking, telecommunication, call centres, KPO, etc.Service is different from manufacturing and trading of goods.
Manufacturing
In manufacturing, the items are produced using raw materials with the help of different engineering process and technologies. Other business depend on manufacturing. Hence it is very important. Example- machines, automobiles, stationary, etc.
Trade
These enterprises are concerned with the distribution of products i.e. sale of products , distribution, transfer, exchange of goods to business houses as well as consumers. Trading enterprises may be found operating in form of :
Wholesale
Retail
Import and export
Investment trusts, etc.
Types Of Industrial Sector
Trade
Automobile
Cement
Chemicals
Pharmaceuticals
Engineering goods
Jute
Iron and steel
Village industries
Petrochemical
Rubber & leather products
Small scale industries
Sugar
Tea
Textile
Agro based
Food based
Handicrafts, etc.
Engineering Industry
Engineering industry mainly deals with:
Design
Manufacture
Operations of structures, machines, or devices.
This industry primarily includes sectors like:
Civil
Computer and IT
Industrial
Electrical
Mechanical
Chemical
Process Industry
The process industries do different processes on the raw material to produce the final product.
The process could be either continuous or occur on a batch of materials.
Examples:
Wood and wooden products
Chemicals
Paper
Textile
Coal
Rubber
Plastics, etc.
Textile Industry
Textile industry deals with design and manufacturing of clothing products. Indian textile industries are one of the leading in the world. It includes following sectors:
Cotton
Jute
Sericulture
Wool and woollen
Man made fibre/ filament yarn
IT Industry
Information technology (IT) industry in India has played a key role in putting India on the global map. IT industry in India has been one of the most significant growth contributors for the Indian economy.
Major IT companies are:
Infosys
Accenture
Cognizant
CMC
Wipro
Oracle, etc.
Globalization
Globalization (or globalisation) is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas and other aspects of culture.
Globalization has allowed companies to increase their base of operations. It has supported companies to expand their workspace with relatively small investments and provide novel services to a wide range of consumers.
Service in the Industry is not a Product Feature but a Business ModelOuke Arts
Produced by Ouke Arts, Strategy Consultant
working for Strategy Boutique Thaesis and supported by trendwatching.com.
http://www.linkedin.com/in/oukearts
http://www.thaesis.nl
http://www.trendwatching.com
The document provides an overview of the Indian telecom industry and market. It discusses key highlights including:
1) India has experienced rapid economic growth in recent years and its telecom sector is one of the fastest growing, contributing significantly to GDP.
2) The Indian telecom market has over 700 million subscribers currently and continues growing steadily, though ARPUs are declining with increased competition.
3) While the market is dominated by the top six players, competition remains high and recent developments like 3G spectrum auctions and the rollout of mobile number portability bring both opportunities and challenges for operators.
The Indian telecom industry has grown rapidly, contributing significantly to GDP. Privatization beginning in the 1990s with cellular and value-added services helped augment growth. Upcoming technologies like 3G and WiMax will further increase growth rates. Total mobile users in India are expected to reach nearly 1 billion by 2014. Key service providers like Bharti Airtel, Reliance, and Vodafone continue expanding their subscriber bases.
1. The document discusses order management, activation, and provisioning processes for telecommunications services.
2. Order management systems allow customers to place orders and service providers to process, modify, and fulfill orders across channels while supporting multiple products.
3. Activation involves decomposing service orders, executing scripts across network devices to provision services, and notifying relevant systems upon completion.
Édouard Estaunié coined the term "télécommunication" in 1904 from the Greek prefix "tele-" meaning "far off" and the Latin word "communicare" meaning "to share". The first commercial electrical telegraph was constructed in 1839 and the first commercial telephone services began in the late 1870s. Today, Bharti Airtel is India's largest telecommunications company with over 300 million subscribers across its mobile, fixed line, high speed broadband and DTH services. Airtel continues to invest heavily in expanding its network across India with a goal of covering 95% of the population by 2010.
VOIP, or Voice over Internet Protocol, allows users to make phone calls using an Internet connection instead of a regular phone line. It works by converting analog audio signals into digital data that can be transmitted over the Internet. VOIP provides the ability to make free phone calls through a standard Internet connection and has emerged as an innovative technology that can transform phone systems globally.
Tele Connexions Company Profile And Voice Servicesterryabeckham
Tele-Connexions is a global provider of internet and telephony services. It aims to provide affordable communication services to markets undergoing deregulation, focusing on Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and the Caribbean. The company has established a global VoIP network and local points of presence in its target markets by signing agreements with affiliates. It offers various wholesale and retail voice, data, broadband, and satellite services. Tele-Connexions believes its competitive advantages include its technologies, experienced staff, flexible services, and status as an early entrant in its markets.
The document discusses the transition to Next Generation Networks (NGNs). Traditional telecom networks are being replaced by IP-based networks capable of integrating different access technologies and services. This allows for the convergence of fixed, mobile, and data networks. NGNs aim to reduce costs through infrastructure optimization while creating new revenue sources by offering converged services like triple play bundles. However, successful business models for NGNs remain uncertain and will depend on demonstrating clear benefits to customers.
Today the telco industry is at the vortex of change due to developments such as network functions virtualization and big data analytics. By allying with IT to embrace and transcend the disruptions characterized by these developments, telecom providers stand to benefit from reduced costs and new revenue streams, and see their profits grow.
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The document discusses Samsung's "The Next Big" advertising campaign which openly challenges Apple and portrays Samsung products as superior. The ads publicize the ongoing patent dispute between the two companies while dismantling Apple products. For consumers who have no brand allegiance, the ads provide reasons why Samsung products may be a better choice. However, the campaign risks further escalating tensions between the companies.
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The document is a project report on 4G technology that includes an introduction, literature review, and proposed study on measuring countries' "4G readiness." It summarizes that 4G aims to provide data rates of 100 Mbps for mobile applications and 1 Gbps for nomadic applications. It then reviews technologies like OFDM and MIMO that could enable 4G, compares standards like LTE and WiMAX, discusses ongoing trials and vendors, potential applications, and proposes a framework to rank countries based on their connectivity infrastructure, business/social/legal environments, consumer trends, and government policies to assess their ability to adopt 4G.
What is wireless 5G LAN?
5G LAN is a LAN built in a 5G network, through which a LAN with mobility can be assembled to meet production and office needs. 5G LAN has the benefit of cross-territory mobility, so even if two people are thousands of miles apart, they can still set up a LAN to achieve Layer 2 and 3 interoperability.
Simply put, 5G LAN uses 5G technology to group and build groups of terminals to form a LAN network. When using 5G cell phones, have you ever noticed that even if you and your friends are close together (even face to face), your phone cannot search each other? You can communicate with each other because the data flow to the carrier or Internet service provider's server around the circle.
SIP Trunking - The cornerstone of unified communicationsJake Weaver
SIP trunks perform some key call and session control and management functions, and serve in place of traditional access lines and trunks.ix Typically provisioned by carriers over T1 trunks, carrier-based SIP trunk services interface between carriers’ nodes and SIP-enabled customer premises equipment, such as a SIP gateway or IP PBX.x SIP Trunks also interconnect customer sites with hosted VOIP/IP centrex services, cloud/software as a service (SaaS) applications, and facilitate customer connectivity with IMS-based applications, like single number service (see sidebar). At the carrier, SIP Trunks interconnect to IP-based WAN services, VOIP/multimedia-enabled network nodes and from these, to the public switched telephone network (PSTN).
A 2004 report I wrote for a global handset manufacturer on how to survive in an over-the-top world. Whilst I didn't get everything right, and I would present it differently today, it was pretty insightful for its time.
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Table of Contents
Introduction.................................................................................................................................3
Task 1: TELECOM INFRASTRUCTURE .............................................................................................. 3
Discusinginfrastructure and services providers.............................................................................. 3
Categories of telecommunication infrastructure.........................................................................4
Advantages of telecommunication Infrastructure .......................................................................5
Explaining telecommunication Provisioning................................................................................ 5
Telecom Infrastructure service providers ................................................................................... 7
BT Service provision and product............................................................................................... 8
Telecom regulations.................................................................................................................. 9
Task 2: TELECOM RETAILING ....................................................................................................... 10
Describing the retail Industry................................................................................................... 10
Features of retail industry of telecommunication...................................................................... 11
Discusstoday’sbusinessenvironmentinwhichtelecommunicationsretailersare operating.
Particularlyrelate yourdiscussiontothe issuesof networkaccessibility,competitionandthe trend
to formbusinesspartnerships,mergersandtake-overs.Supportyourdiscussionwithappropriate
examples................................................................................................................................ 12
Task 3: TELECOM BILLING............................................................................................................ 14
Retailingbusinessstrategyandbillingstructure of TWOorganisationsandthe effectivenessof
their adopted strategies.......................................................................................................... 14
Network products and components used in telecommunication development........................... 15
Future trends in telecommunication network components ....................................................... 15
Task 4: QUALITY OF SERVICE ....................................................................................................... 16
Description............................................................................................................................. 16
Measuring QoS....................................................................................................................... 16
Roles of Regulatory bodies...................................................................................................... 17
References ............................................................................................................................. 19
3. 3
Introduction
This paper sets out to answer specific questions set out in the subject of the business side
of telecommunications. It demonstrates the author understands of the management and
business issues related to the industry. Then the discussion will also focus on
telecommunication billings based on the choice of customers and the national and
international telecommunication governing bodies.
Task 1: TELECOM INFRASTRUCTURE
Discusing infrastructure and services providers
Telecommunications infrastructure providers are those commercial entities that provide
the infrastructure for the telecommunications (land and/or mobile) services. The
infrastructure in this case would include the physical hardware such as cables, base
stations, wireless stations, receivers, etc. as well as the software required to maintain the
infrastructure. The infrastructure can comprise of more than one independent networks
such as POTS (plain old telephone system) as well as cable networks. BT is perhaps the most
well-known infrastructure provider in the UK. It provides (sells) access to the
telecommunication infrastructure to other commercial entities such as TalkTalk, Orange,
etc.
The service provider as the name suggests provides the service to the end user or
customer. The service is any telecommunications service, such as fixed line or mobile
telephony and Internet facilities. TalkTalk for example is a service provider in the UK;
although it does not own any of the infrastructures, it purchases access of the
infrastructure from BT and sells the telecommunications services to customers. BT on the
other hand, sells both access to the infrastructure as well as services direct to the customer
and hence is actually both, an infrastructure as well as service provider.
4. 4
Some of the requirements that make up the telecommunication infrastructure are;
1- Network devices
2- Connection links, e.g cables
3- Cordless links
4- Software tools
Categories of telecommunication infrastructure
Some of the most known categories of telecommunication infrastructures are;
The Internet Infrastructure; which is one of the most widely applicable
infrastructure applicable in the world today and it self-individuals, and companies in
many ways. The internet infrastructure serve individuals and businesses to perform
lot of task such as;
- Web browsing
- Online chats
- Voice over IP for mostly businesses and help in reducing cost for making phone calls.
- Research work, etc
5. 5
Cell Phone Infrastructure: These are mobile devices infrastructure that users used
on daily basis with the help of electromagnetic wave (Radio frequency, RF). Mobile
phones generate revenue at the point of sale, and provide continuous revenue in the
form of service charges throughout their use.
Advantages of telecommunication Infrastructure
As such, telecommunication infrastructures have helped in so many ways and have
benefited the world at large such as;
It has facilitated the growth of information technology particularly in software and
many other technologies like the GSM and CDMA.
It has helped in designing long optical fibre cabling at various locations and buildings.
Explaining telecommunication Provisioning
The provisioning of telecommunications is changing due to the convergence of networks,
services and devices that is taking place. There is a greater variety of devices on the market
today, which results in new service capabilities, such as mobile broadband, messaging, etc.
These new services however have added complexity and cost. The new services allow a
wider range of consumers to be targeted, however this can also be confusing. Service
providers often resort to bundling to overcome this problem. New applications have sprung
up offering new services which compete with the traditional services offered, such as Skype
and Face time calls instead of the traditional mobile phone calls over the carrier.
This undermined the relationship of the carrier with the customer. The new applications
were also data hungry, leading to increased demand for mobile data communication
network bandwidth. The various applications also created multiple tiers of service in the
6. 6
network; not all IP packets needed equal priority and hence telecommunications service
providers had to discriminate and prioritise between different services and customers. As
the devices became more important, the balance of power also shifted; the device
manufacturers become more powerful. The telecommunications service providers also
realised that they were sitting on the data goldmine; they had access to data that would
have many applications such as customer usage patterns, profiles, history, etc.
The convergence is exemplified by the horizontal and vertical movements of the major
players in the market. Google for example, although having begun its life as a service
(search engine) on a website, is now a mobile device software provider (Android); Apple,
which was once a computer giant, is now well known as a mobile phone manufacturer.
Thus the landscape has changed, with a greater variety of service providers, greater
complexity of services and overlapping nature of services.
Other changes have also been taking place in the background. The telecommunications
networks themselves are migrating from proprietary protocols and controls to open
protocols; this lowers the barriers of entry and new players are able to enter the market.
Increased regulations, particularly governing competition to ensure that monopolies or
oligopolies do not dominate the market also serve to make life difficult for the traditional
service and infrastructure providers. Overall it can be said that the value chain is changing;
the convergence and complexity of new technologies is making the value chain morph. In
particular network convergence, where the traditional cabled network and the wireless and
satellite networks, as well as the piggybacked networks such as 4G LTE has meant that
telecommunications network provisioning has become more complex, and a key part of the
value chain for any player in the industry.
(Bamforth and Longbottom, 2010)
7. 7
Telecom Infrastructure service providers
Below are list of services that the available telecommunication infrastructure provides and
they provide them to individuals and to small scale companies. Example of this services
offered are;
- Optical fibre deployment
- Phones equipment installation
- Data network installation
- Installing and testing radio antennas
Some of the telecommunication infrastructure providers are;
Satellite infrastructure
Mobile phones infrastructure
Internet infrastructure
Below is a list of public and private telecommunication companies that provides the
Internet, cabling, satellite, mobile and fixed phone services to individuals and businesses.
8. 8
BT Service provision and product
The table shows all the available services and products that the British Telecom (BT)
provides to its customers and businesses.
Product Package
Broadband/Internet
product
Voice Products - Cloud-hosted systems
- On-premise systems
- Phone lines and numbers
- ISDN lines
- Premium calling features
- BT payphones and calling cards
9. 9
- Business phones
- SIM only
- Mobile business solutions
BT Services Packages
Networks - BT managed WAN
- Lease lines
- Ethernet point-to-point
- Ethernet VPN
- Ethernet IP connect
Business Services
Telecom regulations
These are regulations the govern the telecommunication companies towards their services,
products and customers and this regulations are set out by an independent body of every
country coupled with the regulations of the International telecommunication union the ITU.
10. 10
The regulatory norms of the UK telecommunication are done by the OfCom (Office for
communication) and play the following roles in seeing that the business industry is
successful.
Task 2: TELECOM RETAILING
Describing the retail Industry
The telecommunications retail industry can be said to comprise of fixed and mobile
telecommunications. The size of the mobile sector however dwarfs the fixed sector; there
are over seven billion mobile users and only approximately 650 million fixed users.
The mobile sector is growing, whereas demand for the traditional fixed line has been static.
Emerging markets such as India and Africa as these countries have growing populations and
lack the fixed infrastructure. Another key characteristic of the mobile sector is that the
demand for mobile data connection has grown on account of the proliferation of mobile
devices.
11. 11
Features of retail industry of telecommunication
The features of the telecommunication retail industry are scoped within the following;
1) Technology Driven; which depends on the growing technology of the industry
according to customers demand. Customers plays a very great role in seeing that
there is technology driven based on their demands as in recent years, most
customers demand for latest telecom products with great features.
2) Market Competition: Which depends on the sale volume of a particular
telecommunication industry as competition in the industry today boost the telecom
market as customers will like to have latest product.
3) Price Reduction: Base on the prices as well, customers will like to deal with telecom
companies that offer their products at very cheaper rates and in the UK the cost rate
for telecom product is lower compare to the past years.
12. 12
Discuss today’s business environment in which telecommunications
retailers are operating. Particularly relate your discussion to the issues of
network accessibility, competition and the trend to form business
partnerships, mergers and take-overs. Support your discussion with
appropriate examples.
Telecom Partners Telecom Mergers Telecom Take-overs
- Nokia –
Siemens
- Nokia –
Microsoft
- Sony – Ericson
- T-Mobile and Orange
This merging takes place for the following reasons;
- To expand their network.
- To easily reach their customer.
- To provide faster services to customers.
- BT take over EE
The traditional source of revenue in the mobile telecommunications sector is calls and
text. Mobile data is the growing sector, and it is expected to continue to grow with the
increasing applications that use the Internet on mobile devices.
Increasing convergence has meant that mobile, fixed and even TV services have come to be
delivered over the same infrastructure, further increasing the demand for data networks.
This has led to the development of newer network infrastructures that can help deliver
higher data rates, such as cable and fibre.
Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) therefore face a highly competitive environment;
Regulation has freed up the infrastructure to create a competitive market, and therefore in
each market generally a few mobile network operators can be found; often there would also
be a number of mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs). The former actually owns
and/or maintains some physical network infrastructure whereas the MVNOs rent capacity
from MVO to sell on to their customers. Other companies may offer alternative services
such as VoIP (for e.g Skype)
The key factor to note is that providing telecommunications services, especially in the
infrastructure size, is expensive. The players in the market have to be large enough, and be
able to cope with the expanding networks and constant technological evolution. Many
13. 13
physical components have to be regularly replaced, software updated, etc. Big companies
that own large segments of the infrastructure and stronger because they are less reliant on
other companies to route their customers’ calls whereas the MVNOs typically must pay for
interconnection of the networks to support their customers’ needs. Therefore this leads to
mergers (where two or more companies merge for strategic reasons, for example to
become a suitably strong competitor to another larger firm in the market), acquisitions
where some technology owned by a smaller company bestows some competitive
advantage, etc.
In the UK alone the mergers and acquisitions are mind boggling. Vodafone is ranked third
in UK; it has however acquired many other telecommunications companies around Europe.
In the UK Orange and EE have teamed up to share their network to create a rival O2 and
Vodafone, called Everything Everywhere. BT is seeking to takeover O2 to enter the mobile
market.
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Task 3: TELECOM BILLING
Retailing business strategy and billing structure of TWO organisations and
the effectiveness of their adopted strategies.
This is the process of charging consumers of their products by collecting usage, aggregating
it, applying required charges and produce invoices for customers to make their required
payments and on due dates. This telecommunication industries charge for rental and
usages.
1) Giffgaff – Sim only and pay monthly contracts, with the smallest plan starting from
£7.50 for 250 minutes and 500 MB Internet to £18 for 1000 minutes and 5 GB
Internet
2) Three network
Overall the billing structure and retail strategies of the two organisations are rather
similar. The main difference between the retail strategies of the two companies are that
three (3) offers unlimited data plans whereas Giffgaff does not and Three offers contracts
with new phones whereas Giffgaff does not sell the handsets. Giffgaff is clearly targeted to
customers who already have phones whereas three (3) targets both types of customers.
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Network products and components used in telecommunication
development
Future trends in telecommunication network components
The future trends of telecommunication are based on the following;
Components Description
Hubs and Switches Switches were replaced by Hubs due to their numerous disadvantages
and today we can see the great work that switches offers compare to
Hubs.
Modem and Router Modems too came with ability to modulate and de-modulate a signal
but due to it lower speed; routers were invented which now helps in
routing data packets on the network.
Layer 2 and Layer 3 Switch Layer 2 switches were seen working at the layer 2 of the OSI model for
connecting network devices together and uses MAC address but later the
16. 16
layer 3 switch was invented that have the capability of understanding the
MAC and IP address. Likewise, it works at the layer 2 and layer 3 of the
OSI model.
Wired and Wireless
Devices
At first device connectivity were wired and today most devices comes
with wireless features that ease user mobility, flexibility and other great
benefits.
Task 4: QUALITY OF SERVICE
Description
Quality of service is the reliability of the transmission in the network; if a packet is sent,
there should be some guarantees about the time it takes for it to reach its destination, the
probability that it will; this can be expressed as the percentage of packets that reach the
destination (as opposed to being lost in the network) and the time within which a specified
percentage reaches the destination. QoS therefore provides a measure by which the
application can approximate the number of packets that will be received by the recipient
and the time taken for these packets to reach. It allows the application to determine the
strategy for transmission of packets; for example if time is not important, but the packets
should reach the destination, then the application can choose to flood the network with
packets; if the application is time sensitive for example VoIP applications then the QoS is
important to ensure that the user has a good experience.
Some applications can tolerate a higher degree of packet loss, whereas some cannot. The
percentage of packet loss can create a lower quality user experience, for example lower call
or video quality.
Measuring QoS
The key factor in measuring Qos is the service experience of the users. It is defined as the
specific requirements provided by a network to the users in order to achieve the desired
functionality of the application or service. IP networks are generally based on a best effort
service however QoS can be defined in terms of four parameters namely:
Resource availability
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Resource control policies, including Service Level Agreements
QoS requirements of the specific applications such as Jitter, Delay, Packet loss, etc.
Delay is intrinsic to all communications; the information takes time to reach its
destination. Delay is also referred to as latency. Delay increases with network
congestion.
Jitter is variation in delay. It is caused by the variable transmission of packets over
the network.
Packet loss is the failure of packets to reach their destination.
Throughput is the amount of data which a network sends or receives. It is measured in bits
per second
Roles of Regulatory bodies
The main role of regulatory bodies is to ensure that the interest of the consumer is
protected in the market. They work to ensure that there is sufficient competition in the
market such that monopolies are not allowed to flourish. Competition in the market serves
to increase innovation and drive progress in technology.
Like we have the OfCom for UK telecom regulatory body and the International
telecommunication Union (ITU).
19. 19
References
Bamforth, R . and Longbottom, C. (2010). Telecoms re-invention–death of the
traditional telco. Quocirca White Paper.
Bunge, M. (2009). Philosophy of Science: From Problem to Theory. Transaction
Publishers.
Dahlman, E., Parkvall, S., & Skold, J. (2013). 4G: LTE/LTE-Advanced for Mobile
Broadband. Academic Press.
Hill, Richard. The New International Telecommunication Regulations And The
Internet. Print.
Sherif, Mostafa Hashem. Managing Projects In Telecommunication Services.
Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley, 2006. Print.