This document defines and provides examples of the main parts of speech in English including nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and articles. It explains that nouns are naming words that identify people, places or things. The four types of nouns are common, proper, abstract, and collective nouns. Pronouns take the place of nouns. Verbs indicate actions or states of being. Adjectives describe nouns. Prepositions show relationships of direction, time, place or introduce an object. Conjunctions allow joining phrases and clauses. Articles are adjectives used before nouns, with the and a/an being the definite and indef

1. PARTS OF
SPEECH

2. WHAT IS A NOUN?
• A noun is a naming word. Every person, place or thing I identified with a name, without which we
would not be able to communicate or understand one another.
• There are four types of nouns
1. Common nous- are names given to ordinary objects. They are usually identified with the, an and
a. e.g the sea, a fish, an apple.
2. Proper nouns- always begin with capital letters. They are given to people, months, places, days.
E.g Goitsemang, London, January.

3. CONTINUATION…
3. Abstract nouns- usually refers to something that we cannot see, touch or
measure a opposed to common nouns which are concrete. It is often a feeling or
emotion. E.g a troop of monkeys, pupils, staff of workers.
4. Collective nouns- is the name given to a collection or a group of objects.

4. PRONOUN- TAKES THE PLACE OF A NOUN.
1. Personal pronouns- refer to people or things e.g she went to school late, he bought a bike.
2. Possessive pronouns- they indicate ownership. E.g this is hers, this is mine.
3. Reflexive pronouns- reflect back to the noun or the pronoun e.g John cut himself.
4. Interrogative pronouns- interrogates or asks questions. E.g to whom does this belong to?
•

5. ADJECTIVES
• Adjectives are words that describe the qualities or states of being of
nouns: enormous, doglike, silly, yellow, fun, fast. They can also describe the quantity
of nouns: many, few, millions, eleven.
• Examples of adjectives
1.They live in a beautiful house.
2.Lisa is wearing a sleeveless shirt today. This soup is not edible.
3.She wore a beautiful dress.
4.He writes meaningless letters.

6. PREPOSITIONS
• A preposition is a word or group of words used before a noun, pronoun, or noun
phrase to show direction, time, place, location, spatial relationships, or to
introduce an object.
• Some examples of prepositions are words like "in," "at," "on," "of," and "to."
Prepositions in English are highly idiomatic.
• Although there are some rules for usage, much preposition usage is dictated by
fixed expressions. In these cases, it is best to memorize the phrase instead of the
individual preposition

7. VERBS- IS A WORD THAT INDICATES A PHYSICAL
ACTION
• Verbs can indicate (physical or mental) actions, occurrences, and states of being.
• Every sentence must have at least one verb.
• At the most basic level, a sentence can consist solely of a single verb in the
imperative form (e.g., ‘Run.’). In this example, the implied subject is ‘you’.

8. Adverbs- are words that usually modify—that is, they limit or restrict the meaning
of—verbs.
• a word belonging to one of the major form classes in any of numerous languages, typically serving
as a modifier of a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a preposition, a phrase, a clause, or a
sentence, expressing some relation of manner or quality, place, time, degree, number, cause,
opposition, affirmation, or denial, and in English also serving to connect and to express comment on
clause content

9. Conjunction-allow you to form complex, elegant sentences and avoid the
choppiness of multiple short sentences. Make sure that the phrases joined by
conjunctions are parallel (share the same structure).
• Coordinating conjunctions allow you to join words, phrases, and clauses of equal
grammatical rank in a sentence. The most common coordinating conjunctions
are for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so; you can remember them by using the
mnemonic device FANBOY.
• Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions that work together. Some
examples are either/or, neither/nor, and not only/but also.

10. ARTICLES- ARE USED BEFORE NOUNS OR
NOUN EQUIVALENTS AND ARE A TYPE OF
ADJECTIVE.
• The definite article (the) is used before a noun to indicate that the identity of the noun
is known to the reader.
• The indefinite article (a, an) is used before a noun that is general or when its identity
is not known.
• Definite article
the (before a singular or plural noun)
• Indefinite article
a (before a singular noun beginning with a consonant sound)
an (before a singular noun beginning with a vowel sound)

11. THE END