This document contains 4 sets of objective exam questions for a Wireless Communications and Networks course. Each set contains 10 multiple choice questions and 10 fill-in-the-blank questions testing concepts related to wireless communication techniques such as equalization, diversity, spread spectrum systems, and wireless network standards and protocols. The questions cover topics like channel impairments, error control coding, equalizer implementations, quality of service in wireless LANs, and Bluetooth technology.
Distance protection scheme for transmission line using back propagation neura...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This project is used to develop a wireless power transfer for vehicles without wires and connections for several applications like vehicles in stores, airports etc
Bulox Power Pte Ltd - design, manufacture and distribute for Oil Immersed, Cast Resin & Dry Type Transformer, Ring Main Unit, MV / LV Switchgear, Packaged & Temporary Substation, Containerized Equipment Room, Customized Power Packaged Solution and Turnkey Projects.
Designing an Antenna System That Can Perform Conditional RF to DC Harnessing ...IOSRJECE
Electromagnetic energy or RF energy will play a pivotal role in wireless technology and wireless communication in the impending future. The paper proposes a concept for a patch antenna based system that can harness RF energy upon triggering and can convert the harnessed RF to DC from the radio frequency of 1 GHz to 3 GHz, the design frequency is 2.4GHz. The patch antenna system contains a high gain patch antenna along with a wireless communicating module and a conversion circuit. The return loss of the antenna is approximately 27.1dB. The power gain is 30.1 dBm .The converter circuit is designed in), Multi-Sim to get an output voltage of around 5V that can be used to power a mobile-device or maybe stored in a battery. The triggering part is done with the help of a T-mote which is simulated in a network simulator, Cooja. The patch antenna is simulated in High Frequency Structural Simulator
Optical Current Transformer is an alternative to the existing conventional current transformers, providing an advanced measurement solution for both metering and protection applications, based on a cutting-edge patented optical sensing technology.
Electricity can cause serious injury or even death which is why safety must come first when working with electricity or electrical devices. In order to avoid injury, prior to starting work on an electrical box such as an AC mains switch-board or a power supply, for example, you must first verify there is no AC voltage. If you can't completely isolate your device from the supply wires, how can you be sure that there's no voltage remaining? Enter a non-contact AC voltage detector.
There are several options available on the market and they range in price, but in true DIY fashion, with this kit, you are able to quickly and easily create your own non-contact AC voltage detector in less than an hour.
Distance protection scheme for transmission line using back propagation neura...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This project is used to develop a wireless power transfer for vehicles without wires and connections for several applications like vehicles in stores, airports etc
Bulox Power Pte Ltd - design, manufacture and distribute for Oil Immersed, Cast Resin & Dry Type Transformer, Ring Main Unit, MV / LV Switchgear, Packaged & Temporary Substation, Containerized Equipment Room, Customized Power Packaged Solution and Turnkey Projects.
Designing an Antenna System That Can Perform Conditional RF to DC Harnessing ...IOSRJECE
Electromagnetic energy or RF energy will play a pivotal role in wireless technology and wireless communication in the impending future. The paper proposes a concept for a patch antenna based system that can harness RF energy upon triggering and can convert the harnessed RF to DC from the radio frequency of 1 GHz to 3 GHz, the design frequency is 2.4GHz. The patch antenna system contains a high gain patch antenna along with a wireless communicating module and a conversion circuit. The return loss of the antenna is approximately 27.1dB. The power gain is 30.1 dBm .The converter circuit is designed in), Multi-Sim to get an output voltage of around 5V that can be used to power a mobile-device or maybe stored in a battery. The triggering part is done with the help of a T-mote which is simulated in a network simulator, Cooja. The patch antenna is simulated in High Frequency Structural Simulator
Optical Current Transformer is an alternative to the existing conventional current transformers, providing an advanced measurement solution for both metering and protection applications, based on a cutting-edge patented optical sensing technology.
Electricity can cause serious injury or even death which is why safety must come first when working with electricity or electrical devices. In order to avoid injury, prior to starting work on an electrical box such as an AC mains switch-board or a power supply, for example, you must first verify there is no AC voltage. If you can't completely isolate your device from the supply wires, how can you be sure that there's no voltage remaining? Enter a non-contact AC voltage detector.
There are several options available on the market and they range in price, but in true DIY fashion, with this kit, you are able to quickly and easily create your own non-contact AC voltage detector in less than an hour.
The Performance Evaluation of IEEE 802.16 Physical Layer in the Basis of Bit ...IJCI JOURNAL
Fixed Broadband Wireless Access is a promising technology which can offer high speed data rate from transmitting end to customer end which can offer high speed text, voice, and video data. IEEE 802.16 WirelessMAN is a standard that specifies medium access control layer and a set of PHY layer to fixed and mobile BWA in broad range of frequencies and it supports equipment manufacturers due to its robust performance in multipath environment. Consequently WiMAX forum has adopted this version to develop the network world wide. In this paper the performance of IEEE 802.16 OFDM PHY Layer has been investigated by using the simulation model in Matlab. The Stanford University Interim (SUI) channel models are selected for the performance evaluation of this standard. The Ideal Channel estimation is considered in this work and the performance evaluation is observed in the basis of BER.
One of the main challenges faced by the developing (3GPP-LTE-Advanced) standard is providing high throughput at the cell edge.
One solution to improve coverage is the use of fixed relays.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Performance Improvement of IEEE 802.22 WRAN Physical LayerIOSR Journals
The spectrum available for the wireless services is limited, the increased demand of wireless
application has put a lot of limitations on the utilization of available radio spectrum. For the efficient spectrum
utilization for wireless application IEEE 802.22 standard i.e. WRAN (Wireless Regional Area Network) is
developed which is based on cognitive radio technique that senses the free available spectrum. It allows sharing
of geographically unused channels allocated to the TV Broadcast Service, without interference.
In this paper we are evaluating the performance of WRAN over physical layer with QPSK, 16-QAM
and 64-QAM modulation with Convolution coding with code rate of 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6 and obtaining the BER
curves for rician channel. Simulation is performed in MATLAB
Performance Improvement of IEEE 802.22 WRAN Physical LayerIOSR Journals
Abstract: The spectrum available for the wireless services is limited, the increased demand of wireless application has put a lot of limitations on the utilization of available radio spectrum. For the efficient spectrum utilization for wireless application IEEE 802.22 standard i.e. WRAN (Wireless Regional Area Network) is developed which is based on cognitive radio technique that senses the free available spectrum. It allows sharing of geographically unused channels allocated to the TV Broadcast Service, without interference. In this paper we are evaluating the performance of WRAN over physical layer with QPSK, 16-QAM and 64-QAM modulation with Convolution coding with code rate of 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6 and obtaining the BER curves for rician channel. Simulation is performed in MATLAB. Keywords - CC, CP, CR, OFDMA, PHY Layer, WRAN
Performance Improvement of IEEE 802.22 WRAN Physical LayerIOSR Journals
Abstract: The spectrum available for the wireless services is limited, the increased demand of wireless
application has put a lot of limitations on the utilization of available radio spectrum. For the efficient spectrum
utilization for wireless application IEEE 802.22 standard i.e. WRAN (Wireless Regional Area Network) is
developed which is based on cognitive radio technique that senses the free available spectrum. It allows sharing
of geographically unused channels allocated to the TV Broadcast Service, without interference.
In this paper we are evaluating the performance of WRAN over physical layer with QPSK, 16-QAM
and 64-QAM modulation with Convolution coding with code rate of 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6 and obtaining the BER
curves for rician channel. Simulation is performed in MATLAB.
Keywords - CC, CP, CR, OFDMA, PHY Layer, WRAN
A new configuration of a printed diplexer designed for DCS and ISM bandsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This work presents a new study on the design of a microstrip diplexer configuration optimized and validated for ISM and DCS frequency bands. The achieved structure is based on microstrip technology, the goal was to design two printed bandpass filters one for ISM band and the other one for DCS frequency band.The two microstrip filters are associated by using a T-junction which permits to validate a diplexer in the frequency bands DCS-Band receiver [1.74–2 GHz] and ISM-Band transmitter [2.3–2.55 GHz]. The whole size of the final circuit is 130x50 mm2. After the validation of the proposed diplexer into simulation we have fabricated and tested it by using VNA which permits to have a good agremment between simulation and measurements.
Performance comparison of coded and uncoded ieee 802.16 d systems under stanf...IJCNCJournal
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax), standardized asIEEE 802.16d is a popular
technology for broadband wireless communication system. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
(OFDM) is the core of this technology.OFDMreduces Inter-symbol Interference (ISI) and hence improves
system performance (i.e., Bit Error Rate (BER)). To improve system performance further error correction
coding schemes have been included in WiMax. It is widely accepted thata coded system outperforms an
uncodedsystem. But, the performance improvement of a coded system depends on the channel conditions. In
this paper, we investigated and compared the performances of a coded and an uncoded WiMaxsystem
under a practical channel model called Stanford University Interim (SUI). Different modulation schemes
namely BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM have been considered in this work. It is shown that the
selection of codedoruncoded WiMaxsystem should depend on the channel condition as well as on the
modulation used. It is also shown that anuncoded system outperforms a coded system under some channel
conditions.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Objective paper a80454 wireless communications and networks
1. Cont…..2
Code No: A80454 Set No. 1
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
B.Tech. IV Year II Sem., II MID -Term Examinations, April-2019
WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS
Objective Exam
Name: Hall Ticket No.
Answer All Questions. All Questions Carry Equal Marks. Time: 20 Min. Marks: 10.
I. Choose the correct alternative:
1. The main problem with direct RF pulse system is that it is subject to interference and .[
a)Power consumption b) Noise c) speed d)all of these
]
2. The advantage of a spread spectrum system is that, while the probing signal may be wideband, it is
possible to detect the transmitting signal using a _ receiver preceded by a wideband mixer.
[ ]
a)narrowband b)Wideband c) low power d)high speed
3. Mobile radio channels impairments cause the signal at the receiver to significantly as
compared to AWGN channels. [ ]
a)Loss b) be noisy c) weaken d) distort or fade
4. technique is used to compensate for fading channel impairments, and is usually
implemented by using two or more receiving antennas. [ ]
a)Equalization b)Channel coding c)Diversity d)All of these
5. In a broad sense, the term can be used to describe any signal processing operation that
minimizes ISI. [ ]
a)Equalization b) Channel coding c) Diversity d) All of these
6. A linear equalizer can be implemented as an filter. [ ]
a)Low pass b)high pass c)IIR d) FIR
7. WLANS offer typically QoS. [ ]
a)Higher b) lower c)medium d)very high
8. MAC layer has to control . [ ]
a)Medium access b) authentication c) power conservation d)All of these
9. All devices using the same hopping sequence with the same phase form a_ . [ ]
a)Network b) station c) piconet d) LAN
10. The IEEE 802.11 standard only covers the PHY layer and the layer. [ ]
a)MAC b)Application c) network d) transport
A
2. Code No: A80454 :2: Set No. 1
II Fill in the Blanks:
11. A commonly used multipath model is an independent fading 2-ray model.
12. It is often useful to simulate channels in hardware or software.
13. ISI stands for .
14. Based on classical equalization theory, the most common cost function is the
between the desired signal and the output of the equalizer.
15. Two main advantages of the lattice equalizer is its numerical stability and _ .
16. Space diversity, also known as _ , is one of the most popular forms of diversity used
in wireless systems.
17. PSTN stands for .
18. MAHO stands for .
19. Bluetooth is a based technology.
20. In a piconet we have one device acting as a master; all other devices (up to 7) act as _.
-oOo-
3. Cont…..2
Code No: A80454 Set No. 2
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
B.Tech. IV Year II Sem., II MID -Term Examinations, April-2019
WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS
Objective Exam
Name: Hall Ticket No.
Answer All Questions. All Questions Carry Equal Marks. Time: 20 Min. Marks: 10.
I. Choose the correct alternative:
1. technique is used to compensate for fading channel impairments, and is usually
implemented by using two or more receiving antennas. [
a)Equalization b)Channel coding c)Diversity d)All of these
]
2. In a broad sense, the term can be used to describe any signal processing operation that
minimizes ISI. [ ]
a)Equalization b) Channel coding c) Diversity d) All of these
3. A linear equalizer can be implemented as an filter. [ ]
a)Low pass b)high pass c)IIR d) FIR
4. WLANS offer typically QoS. [ ]
a)Higher b) lower c)medium d)very high
5. MAC layer has to control . [ ]
a)Medium access b) authentication c) power conservation d)All of these
6. All devices using the same hopping sequence with the same phase form a_ . [ ]
a)Network b) station c) piconet d) LAN
7. The IEEE 802.11 standard only covers the PHY layer and the layer. [ ]
a)MAC b)Application c) network d) transport
8. The main problem with direct RF pulse system is that it is subject to interference and .[ ]
a)Power consumption b) Noise c) speed d)all of these
9. The advantage of a spread spectrum system is that, while the probing signal may be wideband, it is
possible to detect the transmitting signal using a _ receiver preceded by a wideband mixer.
[ ]
a)narrowband b)Wideband c) low power d)high speed
10. Mobile radio channels impairments cause the signal at the receiver to significantly as
compared to AWGN channels. [ ]
a)Loss b) be noisy c) weaken d) distort or fade
A
4. Code No: A80454 :2: Set No. 2
II Fill in the Blanks:
11. Based on classical equalization theory, the most common cost function is the
between the desired signal and the output of the equalizer.
12. Two main advantages of the lattice equalizer is its numerical stability and _ .
13. Space diversity, also known as _ , is one of the most popular forms of diversity used
in wireless systems.
14. PSTN stands for .
15. MAHO stands for .
16. Bluetooth is a based technology.
17. In a piconet we have one device acting as a master; all other devices (up to 7) act as _.
18. A commonly used multipath model is an independent fading 2-ray model.
19. It is often useful to simulate channels in hardware or software.
20. ISI stands for .
-oOo-
5. Cont…..2
Code No: A80454 Set No. 3
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
B.Tech. IV Year II Sem., II MID -Term Examinations, April-2019
WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS
Objective Exam
Name: Hall Ticket No.
Answer All Questions. All Questions Carry Equal Marks. Time: 20 Min. Marks: 10.
I.
1.
Choose the correct alternative:
A linear equalizer can be implemented as an filter. [ ]
a)Low pass b)high pass c)IIR d) FIR
2. WLANS offer typically QoS.
a)Higher b) lower c)medium d)very high
[ ]
3. MAC layer has to control .
a)Medium access b) authentication c) power conservation d)All of these
[ ]
4. All devices using the same hopping sequence with the same phase form a_ . [ ]
a)Network b) station c) piconet d) LAN
5. The IEEE 802.11 standard only covers the PHY layer and the layer. [ ]
a)MAC b)Application c) network d) transport
6. The main problem with direct RF pulse system is that it is subject to interference and .[ ]
a)Power consumption b) Noise c) speed d)all of these
7. The advantage of a spread spectrum system is that, while the probing signal may be wideband, it is
possible to detect the transmitting signal using a _ receiver preceded by a wideband mixer.
[ ]
a)narrowband b)Wideband c) low power d)high speed
8. Mobile radio channels impairments cause the signal at the receiver to significantly as
compared to AWGN channels. [ ]
a)Loss b) be noisy c) weaken d) distort or fade
9. technique is used to compensate for fading channel impairments, and is usually
implemented by using two or more receiving antennas. [ ]
a)Equalization b)Channel coding c)Diversity d)All of these
10. In a broad sense, the term can be used to describe any signal processing operation that
minimizes ISI. [ ]
a)Equalization b) Channel coding c) Diversity d) All of these
A
6. Code No: A80454 :2: Set No. 3
II Fill in the Blanks:
11. Space diversity, also known as _ , is one of the most popular forms of diversity used
in wireless systems.
12. PSTN stands for .
13. MAHO stands for .
14. Bluetooth is a based technology.
15. In a piconet we have one device acting as a master; all other devices (up to 7) act as _.
16. A commonly used multipath model is an independent fading 2-ray model.
17. It is often useful to simulate channels in hardware or software.
18. ISI stands for .
19. Based on classical equalization theory, the most common cost function is the
between the desired signal and the output of the equalizer.
20. Two main advantages of the lattice equalizer is its numerical stability and _ .
-oOo-
7. Cont…..2
Code No: A80454 Set No. 4
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
B.Tech. IV Year II Sem., II MID -Term Examinations, April-2019
WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS
Objective Exam
Name: Hall Ticket No.
Answer All Questions. All Questions Carry Equal Marks. Time: 20 Min. Marks: 10.
I. Choose the correct alternative:
1. MAC layer has to control . [ ]
a)Medium access b) authentication c) power conservation d)All of these
2. All devices using the same hopping sequence with the same phase form a_ . [ ]
a)Network b) station c) piconet d) LAN
3. The IEEE 802.11 standard only covers the PHY layer and the layer. [ ]
a)MAC b)Application c) network d) transport
4. The main problem with direct RF pulse system is that it is subject to interference and .[ ]
a)Power consumption b) Noise c) speed d)all of these
5. The advantage of a spread spectrum system is that, while the probing signal may be wideband, it is
possible to detect the transmitting signal using a _ receiver preceded by a wideband mixer.
[ ]
a)narrowband b)Wideband c) low power d)high speed
6. Mobile radio channels impairments cause the signal at the receiver to significantly as
compared to AWGN channels. [ ]
a)Loss b) be noisy c) weaken d) distort or fade
7. technique is used to compensate for fading channel impairments, and is usually
implemented by using two or more receiving antennas. [ ]
a)Equalization b)Channel coding c)Diversity d)All of these
8. In a broad sense, the term can be used to describe any signal processing operation that
minimizes ISI. [ ]
a)Equalization b) Channel coding c) Diversity d) All of these
9. A linear equalizer can be implemented as an filter. [ ]
a)Low pass b)high pass c)IIR d) FIR
10. WLANS offer typically QoS. [ ]
a)Higher b) lower c)medium d)very high
A
8. Code
II
No: A80454 :2: Set No. 4
Fill in the Blanks:
11. MAHO stands for .
12. Bluetooth is a based technology.
13. In a piconet we have one device acting as a master; all other devices (up to 7) act as _.
14. A commonly used multipath model is an independent fading 2-ray model.
15. It is often useful to simulate channels in hardware or software.
16. ISI stands for .
17. Based on classical equalization theory, the most common cost function is the
between the desired signal and the output of the equalizer.
18. Two main advantages of the lattice equalizer is its numerical stability and _ .
19. Space diversity, also known as _ , is one of the most popular forms of diversity used
in wireless systems.
20. PSTN stands for .
-oOo-