This document summarizes structural modeling techniques used to identify classes in object-oriented analysis and design. It discusses three common approaches: the noun-phrase approach, which identifies classes from nouns in requirements; the common class pattern approach, which leverages known common classes; and the use case driven approach, which analyzes use cases. It also describes how to represent classes, relationships, interfaces and packages using class and object diagrams. Finally, it compares entity-relationship diagrams and class diagrams, noting class diagrams describe system structure without persistence details.

1. PRESENTATION ON:- Object Oriented
Analysis And Design
Topic Name:- Structural Modeling
Submitted By:
Shinde Arati Dattatraya (04)
Chavan Dhanashri Suryakant (06)
Kadam Monali Suresh (13)
Thorat Rutuja Ramakant (23)
Submitted To:
Prof.Yogesh Raje

2. Structural Modeling Techniques :
Approaches To Find Classes
 Structural model represents the framework
for the system and this framework is the
place where all other components exist.
 Structural modeling captures the static
features of a system.
 Following are the structural modeling
approaches to find classes-
1) The Noun-Phrase Approach.
2) The Common Class Pattern Approach.
3) Use Case Driven Approach.

3.  The Noun-Phrase Approach:-
Using this method , you have to read
through the use cases , interviews, and requirements
specification carefully, looking for noun phrases.
 The Common Class Pattern
Approach:-
This approach is based on the
knowledge base of the common classes that have
been proposed by various researchers.
 Use Case Driven Approach:-
This approach is used to identify objects of
a system and their behaviors and the lowest level of
executable use cases is further analyzed with a
sequence diagram.

4. Class Diagram
 Class diagram is a static diagram. It represents the
static view of an application.
 Ex.

5. Object Diagram
 Object diagrams represent an instance of a class
diagram. Object diagrams are used to render a set
of objects and their relationships as an instance.
 Ex.
Object
Class
NameAttributes

6. Modeling Structural Elements
 Class:-
There are two representation
of the class.
1)Simple class notation
2)Class with necessary details.

7.  Relationships:-
There are four Kinds of
relationships
1)dependency(uses)
2)Generalization(inheritance is a)
3)association(define relation)
4)Aggregation(Whole part)
 Interfaces.
 Packages.

8. Difference Between ERD
and Class Diagram

9. ER Diagram Class Diagram
Building block of ERD are entities
,relationships and attributes.
Building block of Class Diagram
are classes , relationships and
attributes.
In entity relationship diagrams
describes the table in database.
Class diagram describe the
structure of proposed system.
ERD does not consist the list of
operations performed by an entity.
Classes specifies the list of
operations performed by them.
Specific information such as the
table existing in the database.
Does not contain any persistence
specific information.
Notation for relationship is denoted
by diamond shape.
Notation for relationship is denoted
by a line.

10. Example Of ERD

11. Example Of Class Diagram

12. THANK YOU…