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- 1. An Introduction to OrganizationalBehaviour BY A.MOHANRAJ AP IN COMMERCE
- 2. Organizational Behaviour Organizations Groupor groups of people who work interdependently to achieve a common purpose or goal Organizational Behavior The study of what people think, feel, and do in and around organizations
- 3. Organizational Behavior A fieldof study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness. 1-3
- 4. What is Organizational Behavior? Organizationalbehavior (OB) is the study of: ◦ Human behavior in organizational settings ◦ The interface between human behavior and the organization ◦ The organization itself 1–4
- 5. The Importance of OrganizationalBehavior Organizations can have a powerful influence on our lives: ◦ Most people are born and educated in organizations ◦ Most people acquire most of their material possessions from organizations ◦ Most people die as members of organizations ◦ Many of our activities are regulated by governmental organizations ◦ Most people spend most of their lives in organizations 1–5
- 6. Why Study OB? Studyingorganizational behavior can clarify factors that affect how managers manage by: ◦ Describing the complex human context of organizations ◦ Defining the associated opportunities, problems, challenges, and issues ◦ Isolating important aspects of the manager’s job ◦ Offering specific perspectives on the human side of management 1–6
- 7. Why Study OB?(cont’d) Studying OB helps managers understand: ◦ The behaviors of others in the organization ◦ Personal needs, motives, behaviors, feelings and career dynamics ◦ Attitudinal processes, individual differences, group dynamics, inter group dynamics, organization culture, power, and political behavior ◦ Interactions with people outside of the organization and other organizations ◦ The environment, technology, and global issues 1–7
- 8. Why study OB? Afterstudying this subject, you would be able To understand what is the nature, types and functions of organizations. To influence the organizational life by promoting right practices and avoiding inappropriate activities. To predict the success and failure of the organizations in different conditions. Understand organizational events Predict organizational events Influence organizational events
- 9. OB and RelatedDisciplines SUBJECT CONTRIBUTION IN ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR Psychology Perception, personality, motivation and learning Sociology Nature and functions of groups in organizations Anthropology Culture, norms, values and ethics in organizations Political Science Power and politics in organizations Communication Studies Nature and function of business communication
- 10. Psychology The science thatseeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals. Unit of Analysis: ◦ Individual Contributions to OB: ◦ Learning, motivation, personality, emotions, perception ◦ Training, leadership effectiveness, job satisfaction ◦ Individual decision making, performance appraisal attitude measurement ◦ Employee selection, work design, and work stress 1-10
- 11. Social Psychology An areawithin psychology that blends concepts from psychology and sociology and that focuses on the influence of people on one another. Unit of Analysis: ◦ Group Contributions to OB: ◦ Behavioral change ◦ Attitude change ◦ Communication ◦ Group processes ◦ Group decision making 1-11
- 12. Sociology UNIT OF ANALYSIS: --Organizational System Contributions to OB: ◦ Group dynamics ◦ Work teams ◦ Communication ◦ Power ◦ Conflict ◦ Intergroup behavior -- Group ◦ Formal organization theory ◦ Organizational technology ◦ Organizational change ◦ Organizational culture 1-12 The study of people in relation to their fellow human beings.
- 13. Anthropology UNIT OF ANALYSIS: --Organizational System Contributions to OB: ◦ Organizational culture ◦ Organizational environment -- Group ◦ Comparative values ◦ Comparative attitudes ◦ Cross-cultural analysis 1-13 The study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities.
- 14. Few Absolutes inOB Contingency Variable (Z) Independent Variable (X) Dependent Variable (Y) In American Culture Boss Gives “Thumbs Up” Sign Understood as Complimenting In Iranian or Australian Cultures Boss Gives “Thumbs Up” Sign Understood as Insulting - “Up Yours!” 1-14 Situational factors that make the main relationship between two variables change—e.g., the relationship may hold for one condition but not another.
- 15. Organizational Behavior and theManagement Process Management Functions ◦ Planning ◦ Organizing ◦ Leading ◦ Controlling Resources Used by Managers ◦ Human ◦ Financial ◦ Physical ◦ Information 1–15
- 16. Functions of Management 1–16 PlanningDetermining an organization’s desired future position and the best means of getting there Organizing Designing jobs, grouping jobs into units, and establishing patterns of authority between jobs and units Leading Getting organizational members to work together toward the organization’s goals Controlling Monitoring and correcting the actions of the organization and its members to keep them directed toward their goals
- 17. Organizational Behavior and theManager’s Job 1–17 Interpersonal Informational Decision-Making Basic Managerial Roles
- 18. 1–18 Table 1.1 ImportantManagerial Roles Category Role Example Interpersonal Figurehead Attend employee retirement ceremony Leader Encourage workers to increase productivity Liaison Coordinate activities of two committees Informational Monitor Scan business publications for information about competition Disseminator Send out memos outlining new policies Spokesperson Hold press conference to announce new plant Decision Making Entrepreneur Develop idea for new product and convince others of its merit Disturbance handler Resolve dispute Resource allocator Allocate budget requests Negotiator Settle new labor contract
- 19. Critical Managerial Skills 1–19 TechnicalSkills necessary to accomplish specific tasks within the organization Interpersonal Skills used to communicate with, understand, and motivate individuals and groups Conceptual Skills used in abstract thinking Diagnostic Skills to understand cause-effect relationships and to recognize optimal solutions to problems
- 20. Contemporary Organizational Behavior Characteristics ofthe Field ◦ Interdisciplinary in focus ◦ Descriptive in nature Basic Concepts of the Field 1. Individual processes 2. Interpersonal processes 3. Organizational processes/characteristics 1–20
- 21. Studying OB formMicro to Macro Levels Personality Motivation Perception Stress Management Leadership Decision Making Conflict Management Power and Politics Nature and Functions of Groups Organizational culture Organizational structure Business communication Individual Level of Analysis Group Level of Analysis Organizational Level of Analysis
- 22. Methods of Researchin OB Case Studies Survey Research Qualitative Research Experimental Research Observational Research
- 23.
Editor's Notes
- #10 Psychology focuses on the individual level by seeking to measure, explain, and sometimes change behaviors in individuals. This area of study offers insights in such areas as learning, training, decision making, and employee selection.
- #11 Social Psychology moves beyond individual analysis to look at group behavior and how individuals can influence on another. It blends together sociology and psychology and looks primarily at change, communication, and group interactions.
- #12 Sociology looks at the relationship between individuals and their environment. Sociologists’ main contribution to OB is through offering a better understanding of group behavior. It looks more at how a group operates within an organizational system. One key area that sociologists contribute to in OB is culture, a key factor in OB studies.
- #13 An Anthropologist studies societies to learn about the human beings and their activities. They help us understand the differences between different groups in terms of their values, attitudes, and behaviors.
- #14 There are few absolutes in organizational behavior. When making decisions, you must always take into account situational factors that can change the relationship between two variables. For example, as seen in this chart, one message from a boss in an American culture can mean a completely different thing in another culture. It is always important to take context into account.