5. PONV – Types of Surgery
• Bowel obstruction and ileus
• Appendicitis
• ENT
Ear Surgery
Blood in Stomach
• Uterine procedures
• Mauling of GIT
• Strabismus surgery
• IV radiological contrast media
7. PONV – Post-Op
• Opioids
• Pain
• Hypoxia
• Sights and Sounds
• Malodour
• Anxiety
• Hypovolaemia
• Head down
• Movement stimulating
the vestibular
apparatus
8. Higher Cortical
Centres
Sensory input
(Pain, Smell, Sight)
Memory, Fear,
Anticipation
Chemoreceptor
Trigger
Zone
Chemotherapy
Opioids
Anaesthetics
Stomach,
Small Intestine
Chemotherapy
Surgery
Radiotherapy
Vomiting
Centre
Labyrinths
Surgery
VOMITING
REFLEX
Neuronal pathways
Factors which can cause N&V