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1. cell theory - all organismsconsistof cells(basicunitsof life)
RobertHooke - discoveredcells
Schleiden/Schwann - concludedthatall organismshave cells
all cellsformfromothercells
foundationforunderstandinggrowth/reproductionof all organisms
molecularbasisof inheritance- eachcell containsdetailedplaninitsDNA
nucleotides - DNA buildingblocks,4total types;2 strands ineach DNA molecule
A can onlypairw/ T, C can onlypair withG (knowing1strand guaranteesthatyouknow the other
strand inDNA)
gene - specificsequencesof thousandsof nucleotides;couldcode aproteinorRNA
proteins/RNA determinewhatthe cell islike
genome - entire setof DNA instructions
evolutionarychange/diversity - 3 maingroups(Bacteria,Archaea,Eukarya)
Archaeagroup isprokaryote like Bacteria,butmore closelyrelatedtoEukarya
KingdomProtista- containsall unicellulareukaryotesexceptyeast,multicellularalgae
KingdomPlantae - organismsw/cellulosecell wallsandperformphotosynthesis
KingdomFungi - organismsw/chitincell wallsandperformabsorbtion
KingdomAnimalia- organismsthatingestotherorganisms,lackcell walls
evolutionaryconservation/similarity - belief thatall organismsdescendedfromasingle one
characteristicsof that single organismstill existincellstoday
all eukaryoteshave nucleusw/chromosomes
flagellaeinanimal kingdomall have 9+2arrangementof microtubules
homeodomainprotein - foundinanimal,fungi,plantkingdoms;developedearlyonandhasn'tbeen
replacedbybetterversions
cellularorganization - containing1or more cells,w/basiclife activitiesineachcell;cellsare separated
by a membrane
order- many differenttypesof cells,eachw/molecularstructures
sensitivity - responseto a stimulus(change inthe environment)
growth,development,reproduction - abilitytogrow/reproduce,passdownhereditarymaterial
energyutilization - takinginenergytodowork

2. evolutionaryadaptation - long-termresponse tothingsthataffectsurvival
homeostasis - maintainingconstantinternal conditions
hierarchical organization - eachlevelbuildsonthe levelbelowitinbiology
cellularlevel - atoms>> molecules>>macromolecules>>organelles>>cell
organismal level- tissue >>organ >> organ system>> organism
populationlevel - population(groupof same specieslivinginone place) >>species(groupof organisms
able to https://nursingtestblue.com interbreed nursingtestbanks) >>biological community>>
ecosystem
emergentproperties - resultsfromhowcellsinteractandwork
cannot be determinedjustbe lookingatthe cells
manycreatureshave the same type of cells,butappear/workdifferently
deductive reasoning - usesgeneral principles/rulestopredictspecificresults
reasoningusedinmathematics/philosophy
usedto testvalidityof general ideas
inductive reasoning - usesspecificobservationstomake general principles/rules
leadstogeneralizationsthatcanbe tested
modernscience usesspecificobservationstomake general models,whichare latertested
scientificinvestigations - all beginsw/seriesof observations
hypothesis - suggestedexplanationthataccountsforthe observations;canbe modifiedorreplaced
experiment- testof a hypothesis
variable - factorpossiblyaffectingthe experiment
control experiment - testwhere the variable isleftunchanged
differencesinresultsbetweenexperimentsare due tothe variable change
inconsistentresultscanleadtothe hypothesisbeingrejected
theory - eitheranexplanationfornatural phenomenon,orbringstogethermanyconceptsonce thought
to be unrelated
basicresearch - done justto expandknowledge
appliedresearch - done aspart of some industryorjob
peerreview - evaluationof anyexperimenttosee if it'saccurate