This document provides a historical perspective on nursing and computers from the 1960s to present. It discusses how computers initially emerged in nursing to support basic business functions but later became integral tools for nursing practice, administration, education, and research. Key developments included the introduction of electronic health records, nursing terminology standards, and greater integration of computers into all areas of nursing by the 1990s. Landmark events that advanced the use of computers in nursing are also noted from the early 1970s.

1. HISTORICAL
PERSPECTIVES OF
NURSING AND THE
COMPUTER
Prepared by:
Group 2 Members
Atoc, Jonel
Agusto, Jhoanne Aynrand
Cassanillo, Marilou
Castillo, Ceddron
Pasok, Marie Antoniette
Tapanan, Cherry Love
Perez,Airene

2. Computer is the most powerful technological tool to
transform the nursing profession prior to the new
century.
Today and tomorrow the computer and internet are
essential for all settings were nurses function-hospitals,
ambulatory care centers and schools of nursing.

3. Major historical
perspectives of nursing and
computers

4. Computer technology emerge in
nursing in response to the changing
and developing technologies in the
health care industry and in nursing
practice.

5. How it started?

6. Prior to 1960s
- there were only a few experts who formed a
cadre of pioneers that attempted to adapt computers
to health care and nursing.
- the image of nursing was improving

7. -computers were used for basic business
office functions
- used punch cards to store data and card
readers to read computer programs, sort, and
prepare data for processing.

8. 1960s
-uses of computer technology in health care setting began to be
questioned.
-nurses station in the hospital was viewed as the hub of information
exchange.
-during this period, computer technology advanced, while the number
of health care facilities increased.

9. - -introduction of cathode ray tube terminals,
online data communication, and real time
processing added important dimensions to the
computer system.

10. - hospital information systems were developed
primarily to process financial transactions and
serve as billing and accounting systems.
- vendors of computer systems were beginning to
enter the health care field.

11. 1970s
- continued integration of computers into
nursing.
- improvement of documentation (nurses
chart, vital signs, etc.)
-

12. -mainframe HIS were designed and develop
management of care
- during this period, several states and large
community health agencies developed.

13. 1980s
- the field of informatics emerged in the
health care industry and nursing.
- updates on practice standards
- mainframe HISs emerged with nursing
subsystems.

14. -discharged planning system were developed and
used as referrals to community health care
facilities.
-microcomputer or personal computer (PC)
emerged.

15. 1990s
-computer technology became an integral
part of health care settings, nursing practice, and
the nursing profession.
-during 1992, NI was approved by the
American Nurses Association (ANA) as a new
nursing specialty.

16. -smaller and faster computers-laptops and
notebooks arise
- workstations, local area networks (LANs) and
wide area networks (WANs) were developed.
- introduction of internet

17. Post 2000
- torrid pace of hardware and software
development and growth
- wireless point-of-care developed

18. -clinical information systems became individualized in
the electronic patient record (EPR) and lifelong
longitudinal record or the electronic health record
(EHR)
-personal digital assistance (PDA) and smart cellular
telephones continued to advanced
- use of Voice over internet protocol (VoIP)
-

19. -critical care units are monitored remotely by health care
provides (eICU)
- Telenursing is increasing in popularity and providing
patient care in an efficient and expeditious fashion.
- health insurance portability and Accountability Act of
1996 (HIPAA) was enacted.

20. Four major nursing
areas

21. Nursing practice
Nursing administration
Nursing education
Nursing research

22. Nursing practice
It become a integral part of the EHR
Emerged with the introduction of several
nursing terminologies that were recognized by
the ANA .
They are use to assess problems, document care
and etc.

23. Nursing administration
Nursing administration has also changed with the
introduction of the computers that links nursing
department together.
Internet is being used by nurses to accessed digital
libraries, online resources and research protocols at
bedside

24. Nursing education
Most universities and schools of nursing offer
computer in enhancing courses, online courses
and or distance education
Live classroom lectures via digital telephone
lines arise.

25. Nursing research
Provides the impetus to used the computer for
analyzing nursing data.
Software programs are available for processing both
quantitative and qualitative research data.
Computer technology data bases supporting nursing
research emerged

26. Standards initiatives

27. Nursing practice
Nursing data
Health care data standards

28. Nursing practice standards
Developed and recommended by the ANA
They recommended that nursing process serve as a
conceptual framework for the documentation of
nursing practice.
Joint commission on accreditation of hospital
organizations which stressed the need for adequate
records on patients in hospitals practice standards

29. Nursing data standard
Emerged as a new requirements for EHR
13 nursing terminologies that have been recognized
by the ANA
Critical care classification system
Nursing information classification

30. Health care data
standards organizations
It is a critical review the standards organizations
that have emerged to either develop or
recommend health care data standards that
should be recommended to the federal
government as required health care data
standards

31. Landmark events in
nursing and computers

32. Introduced 35 years ago
The landmark events were describe by the
following categories:
-early conferences, meetings
-Early academic initiatives

33. -Initial ANA initiatives
-Initial national league for nursing initiatives
-Early international initiatives
-Initial educational resources
-Significant collaborative events

34. THE END.......... :D