Cell And Molecular Biology

2. Active and passive transport are biological
process that move oxygen, water and nutrients
into cells and remove waste products.
Active Transport requires chemical energy
because it is the movement of biochemicals
from areas of lower concentration to areas of
higher concentration.

3. On the other hand, Passive Transport
moves biochemicals from areas of high
concentration to areas of low
concentration; so it does not require
energy.

6. Definiton:
• Active transport uses ATP to pump molecules
AGAINST/UP the concentration gradient.
Transport occurs from low concentration of
solute to high concentration of solute.
Requires cellular energy.

7. Ion pumps
Cotransport
Endocytosis

8. • It transport molecules through the cell
membrane against the concentration
gradient so more of substance is inside
the cell than normal. It disrupts
equilibrium established by diffusion.

9. Proteins
Ions
Large cells
Complex sugars

10. • In eukaryotic cells, amino acids, sugars and
lipid need to enter the cell by protein pumps,
which require active transport. These items
either cannot diffuse or diffuse too slowly for
survival.

11. PASSIVE
TRANSPORT

12. • The movement of molecules DOWN the
concentration gradient. It goes from high to
low concentration, in order to maintain
equilibrium in the cells. It does not require
cellular energy.

13. • TYPES OF TRANSPORT
Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Osmosis

14. • Maintains dynamic equilibrium of water,
gases, nutrients, wastes, etc. between cells and
extracellular fluid; allow for small nutrients
and gases to enter/exit. No NET
diffusion/osmosis after equilibrium is
established.

15. Anything soluble in lipids, small
monosaccharides, water, oxygen,
carbon dioxide, sex hormones etc.

16. • It maintains equilibrium in the cell.
Wastes (carbon dioxide, water, etc.)
diffuse out and are excreted; nutrients
and oxygen diffuse in to be used by the
cell.

17. SEMI-PERMIABILITY
 Cell membrane are semi-
permeable, meaning they have
control over what molecules can
or cannot pass through.