Nuclear energy works through nuclear fission reactions that produce energy and neutrons. Uranium is used as fuel in nuclear reactors, where a sustained chain reaction produces heat that is used to generate electricity. While nuclear energy has advantages like producing large amounts of energy from small amounts of fuel and emitting little carbon, it also has disadvantages such as producing long-lasting radioactive waste and high costs to build nuclear plants. Currently over 400 nuclear reactors in over 30 countries generate about 11.5% of the world's electricity.

1. Nuclear Energy
You can’t deal tomorrow with yesterday mind set-up
-SAURABH SUMAN

2. Content:-
• Introduction
• Origin and History
• How it works
• Constituents of Nuclear Energy
• Advantage and Disadvantage
• Effects of Nuclear Energy
• Benefits to the society
• IAEA report and Operational Nuclear Power Plant
• Conclusion

3. Introduction
• Uranium was discovered in 1789 by Martin
Heinrich Kalproth, a German Chemist, and
named after the planet Uranus.
• Over 1935-45,most development was focused
on the atomic bomb.
• Uranium is a chemical element which has 92
protons and 92 electrons and denoted by “U”.
• Uranium is a silver-white in the actinide series
of the periodic table.

4. Origin and History
• 1950, start penetration of Nuclear power in
Electricity Market.
• 1951,ERB-I initially produced about 100kw
from nuclear reactor near Arco, Idaho.
• 1960,17 Nuclear power reactor with capacity
of 1200MW.
• 2016,49 countries,444 nuclear plant,387 GW
in operation,11.5% world electricity.

5. How it works
1.Nuclear Reaction:- A nuclear reaction is a
process in which two nuclei or nuclear
particles collide to produce different products
than the initial particles.
2.It is based on Energy Conservation.

6. 3.Nuclear Fission Reaction:-
Nuclear fission is the process in which a nucleus is
divided into two or more fragments, and neutrons
and energy are released.

7. 3(a).Nuclear Chain Reaction:-
• When a neutron hits a “U-235” neutrons
produced.
• Chain reaction is defined as a fission reaction,
where neutron from the previous reaction
continue to propagate and repeat the
reaction.
• Equation:-

8. Cnstituents of Nuclear power plant:-

9. ADVANTAGEs OF Nuclear energy
Nuclear plants bring jobs and prosperity to a
country.
Provides the world with the most of its
electricity.
Its good for the economy.
Lots of energy is produced from a small amount
of uranium.
Does not emit carbon dioxide green house effect
Generating electricity from nuclear energy
causes little pollution.

10. Disadvantage of nuclear energy
Disposing the nuclear waste is very difficult and
needs to be done after a lot of planning by the
experts.
The radioactive waste takes years to be no longer
hazardous.
Waste must be stored very carefully for a long
time.
Nuclear power plants are very expensive to build.
Uranium is not renewable and can lead to
environmental problems through mining and
processing.

11. Effects to the economy when
you use Nuclear Energy
• Nuclear power is cost competitive with other
forms of electricity generation, except where
there is direct access to low- cost fossil fuels.
• Direct cost saving.
• Fossil fuel price capping.
• Avoided net fuel imports.
• Electricity price stability.
• Direct effect on resources.
• Changed economic efficiency.

12. Benefits to the Society
• Cheap Electricity.
• Low cost and efficient.
• Less harmful.
• Global interest and jobs.
• Improved terms of trade.
• Enhanced productivity.

13. According to the International Atomic Energy Agency:-
 At the end of 2021, global operating nuclear power capacity
was 389.5 GW(e), provided by 437 operational reactors in 32
countries. Nuclear power capacity has shown a gradual
growth trend over the past decade, including 20.7 GW(e) in
increased capacity from new units connected to the grid or
upgrades to existing reactors.
Notes:- GW(e), used for power unit of electricity.
 The five countries most reliant on nuclear energy are
FRANCE, LITHUANIA,BELGIUM, SLOVAKIA and UKRAINE.

14. Operational nuclear power plants in India
Power station Operator State Type Units
Total capacity
(MW)
Kaiga NPCIL Karnataka IPHWR-220 220 × 4 880
Kakrapar NPCIL Gujarat
IPHWR-220
IPHWR-700
220 × 2700 × 1 1140
Kudankulam[116] NPCIL Tamil Nadu VVER-1000 1000 × 2 2,000
Chennai
(Kalpakkam)
NPCIL Tamil Nadu IPHWR-220 220 × 2 440
Narora NPCIL Uttar Pradesh IPHWR-220 220 × 2 440
Rajasthan NPCIL Rajasthan CANDU
IPHWR-220
200 x 1
220 × 4
1,080
Tarapur NPCIL Maharashtra
BWR
IPHWR-540
160 x 2
540 × 2
1,400
Total 7,380

15. Conclusion:-
• Overall , nuclear energy has proven to be most
beneficial to our society.
• No lack of CO2, greenhouse gasses, and other gasses it
emits into the atmosphere.
• The draw backs are safety, radioactive waste and
promotion of nuclear weapons.

16. Thank you.