This document discusses a presentation given by Dr. Chia-Liang Sun from Chang Gung University in Taiwan. The presentation introduces CGU, provides background on sp2 nanocarbons like graphene and carbon nanotubes, and discusses graphene-based materials for biosensor applications. Specifically, it summarizes previous research on using graphene oxide nanoribbons to detect dopamine and other biomolecules electrochemically, showing their improved sensitivity over other electrode materials.

1. Dr. Chia-Liang Sun (孫嘉良 博士)
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
Chang Gung University
Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
E-mail (1): sunchialiang@gmail.com ; E-mail (2): clsun@mail.cgu.edu.tw
Lab home page: http://www.suncl.idv.tw
Lab Facebook page: http://www.facebook.com/sunclgroup
Synthesis of a variety of
graphene oxide
nanoribbons for
electrochemical
detection of dopamine

2. Outline
 About CGU
 sp2 nanocarbons
 Graphene-based materials for biosensor
applications
 Conclusions
SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 22014/Nov./3

3. Outline
 About CGU
 sp2 nanocarbons
 Graphene-based materials for biosensor
applications
 Conclusions
SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 32014/Nov./3

4. History of CGU
2014/Nov./3 SunCL, CGU, Taiwan4
 CGU was established in 1987 as the Chang Gung Medical
College. In July 1997, the school name was changed to
“Chang Gung University”.
CGU logo
Yung-Ching WANG
(1917 ~2008, 91 years)
http://www.chinataiwan.org/wh/tbtj/200811/W020081121338205248484.jpg

5. Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CGMH)
2014/Nov./3 SunCL, CGU, Taiwan5

6. Formosa Plastics Group
2014/Nov./3 SunCL, CGU, Taiwan6

7. 2014/Nov./3 SunCL, CGU, Taiwan7
Achievements of CGU
 CGU is one of the top 12 research universities in Taiwan and the
only private university in these 12 universities.
 CGU is locally ranked around No. 5 inside Taiwan according to
University Academic Ranking of World Universities (the ARWU)
that published by the Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 2014.

8. Outline
 About CGU
 sp2 nanocarbons
 Graphene-based materials for biosensor
applications
 Conclusions
SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 82014/Nov./3

9. SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 92014/Nov./3
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
Papernumber
Publication year
Fullerene
Carbon nanotube
Graphene
Graphene nanoribbon

10. SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 102014/Nov./3
C60
H
P
P: pentagon, 5-membered
ring, 12
H : hexagon, 6-membered
ring, 20

11. SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 112014/Nov./3

12. SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 122014/Nov./3
Andre Geim Konstantin Novoselov
"for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional
material graphene"

13. SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 132014/Nov./3
A. K. Geim and K. S. Novoselov, Nat. Mater. 6, 183 (2007).

14. SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 142014/Nov./3

15. SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 152014/Nov./3

16. SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 162014/Nov./3

17. SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 172014/Nov./3

18. SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 182014/Nov./3

19. SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 192014/Nov./3

20. SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 202014/Nov./3

21. Outline
 About CGU
 sp2 nanocarbons
 Graphene-based materials for
biosensor applications
 Conclusions
SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 212014/Nov./3

22. SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 222014/Nov./3

23. SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 232014/Nov./3
C.L. Sun et al.,
Biosens. Bioelectron.
26, 3450 (2011).

24. SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 242014/Nov./3
20nm
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Percentpageofparticles%
Diameter ( nm)
MD 1.735nm
(b)
50nm
(c)
20nm
(d)
250nm
(a)
C.L. Sun et al.,
Biosens. Bioelectron.
26, 3450 (2011).

25. SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 252014/Nov./3
-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
-300
-150
0
150
300
450
GC
Graphene
Graphene/Pt
Current(A)
Potential (V) vs. Ag/AgCl
DA(b)
-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
-200
-100
0
100
200
300 GC
Graphene
Graphene/Pt
Current(A)
Potential (V) vs. Ag/AgCl
AA DA UA
-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
150
200
250
300
350
400
-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
0
10
20
30
40
50
Current(A)
Potential (V) vs. Ag/AgCl
Graphene/Pt
Graphene
AA
DA
UA
0 200 400 600 800
0
2
4
6
8
40 50 60
-3.5
-3.0
0.12
Current(A)
Time (s)
0.03
0.06
0.24
0.48
0.96
(b)
C.L. Sun et al., Biosens. Bioelectron. 26, 3450 (2011).

26. SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 262014/Nov./3
Y.W. Hsu et al., Electrochim.
Acta 82, 152 (2012).

27. SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 272014/Nov./3
(a) (b)
(c)
(202)
(002)
(111)
(111)
(200)
━
━
(d)
0 2 4 6 8 10
C
O
Si
Cu
Cu
Cu
Energy / keV
Intensity/a.u.
Y.W. Hsu et al., Electrochim.
Acta 82, 152 (2012).

28. SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 282014/Nov./3
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
(a)
Potential vs. (Ag/AgCl) / V
Current/A
Graphene
CuO
CuOG
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
0
200
400
600
800
1000
(b)
Potential vs. (Ag/AgCl) / V
Current/A
0.1 molL
-1
NaOH
2 mmolL
-1
Glucose
4 mmolL
-1
Glucose
6 mmolL
-1
Glucose
8 mmolL
-1
Glucose
10 mmolL
-1
Glucose
12 mmolL
-1
Glucose
14 mmolL
-1
Glucose
Y.W. Hsu et al., Electrochim.
Acta 82, 152 (2012).

29. SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 292014/Nov./3
11 12 13 14
0
20
40
60
80
100
pH
Diameter/nm
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Sensitivity/Ammol
-1
Lcm
-2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
0
20
40
60
80
100
Diameter / nm
Number
MD: 15.75 nm
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
0
20
40
60
80
100
Number
Diameter / nm
MD: 5.17 nm
(a)
(b)
(c)
200 400 600 800 1000 1200
0
150
300
450
600
Time / s
Current/A
3 mmolL
-1
Glucose
2 mmolL
-1
Glucose
0.1 mmolL
-1
Sucrose
0.1 mmolL
-1
Lactose
0.1 mmolL
-1
Fructose
0.1 mmolL
-1
UA
0.1 mmolL
-1
DA
0.1 mmolL
-1
AA
1 mmolL
-1
Glucose
(d)
Y.W. Hsu et al., Electrochim.
Acta 82, 152 (2012).

30. SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 302014/Nov./3
1995 2000 2005 2010
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
Papernumber
Publication year
Fullerene
Carbon nanotube
Graphene
Graphene nanoribbon

31. SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 312014/Nov./3
M. Terrones et al., ACS Nano 4, 1775 (2010).

32. SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 322014/Nov./3
D.V. Kosynlin et al.,
Nature 458, 872 (2009).

33. SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 332014/Nov./3
D.V. Kosynlin et
al., Nature 458,
872 (2009).

34. SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 342014/Nov./3
C.L. Sun et al.,
ACS Nano 5,
7788 (2011).

35. SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 352014/Nov./3
Patents issued and pending
 US 8900542 B2 METHOD FOR FORMING
GRAPHENE NANORIBBONS (USA)
 2012-158514METHOD FOR FORMING
GRAPHENE NANORIBBON (Japan) (Date:
2012/01/27; No.: 特願2012-15529)
 201110360884.8石墨烯纳米带制作方法 (中國大陸)
(Date: 2011/11/25; No.: 201110360884.8)
 I 429586石墨烯奈米帶製作方法 (Taiwan)

36. SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 362014/Nov./3
c d
100 nm
100 nm
100 nm
200nm
c
b
d
a
C.L. Sun et al.,
ACS Nano 5,
7788 (2011).

37. SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 372014/Nov./3
280 290 300 310
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
Absorption(nm
-1
)
Photon Energy (eV)
GONR
MWCNT
(d)(c)
Composite map
GONR(b)
1.0
20.8
500 nm500 nm 2.0
MWCNT(a)
53.4
C.L. Sun et al.,
ACS Nano 5,
7788 (2011).

38. SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 382014/Nov./3
-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
Current(A)
Potential (V vs. Ag/AgCl)
GONR
Graphene
CNT
Glassy Carbon
C.L. Sun et al.,
ACS Nano 5,
7788 (2011).

39. SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 392014/Nov./3
Summary of previously published results for the detection of AA,
UA and DA using cyclic voltammetry with different electrodes
Electrode
Scan rate
(V/s)
Reference
electrode
Surface
area (cm2)
Current (μA)
Current density
(μA/cm2)
Ref
AA DA UA AA DA UA
MWCNT/GCE 0.05 Ag/AgCl 0.07 ﹣ 0.7(0.05 mM) ﹣ ﹣ 10 ﹣ [S6]
Graphene/GCE 0.05 Ag/AgCl 0.07 140 (3 mM) 50 (3 mM) 70 (3 mM) 2000 714.3 1000 [S7]
Chitosan-
graphene/GCE
0.05 Ag/AgCl 0.07 17 (2 mM) 12 (1 mM) 10 (0.5 mM) 242.9 171.4 142.9 [S1]
Pd/CNF-CPE 0.05 Ag/AgCl 0.0113 7 (2 mM) 15 (2 mM) 12.5 (2 mM) 619.5 1327 1106 [S8]
Pt-MWCNTs/GCE 0.05 Ag/AgCl - 22 (0.5 mM) 60 (0.5 mM)
155 (0.5
mM)
- - - [S2]
SWNT/PSS/GCE 0.1 SCE 0.07 - 35 (0.03 mM) - - 500 - [S3]
PAA-MWCNTs/SPE 0.1 Ag/AgCl 0.07 4 (0.2 mM) -
25 (0.015
mM)
57.1 - 357.1 [S9]
PAY/MWCNTs/GCE 0.02 Ag/AgCl 0.07
8 (0.0002
mM)
3 (0.3 mM) - 114.3 42.9 - [S10]
Pt/PFIL/GS/GCE 0.1 Ag/AgCl 0.07 49 (2 mM) 57 (1 mM) - 700 814.3 - [S11]
Pt/Graphene/GCE 0.05 Ag/AgCl 0.196 95 (1 mM) 272 (1 mM) 371 (1 mM) 484.7 1387.7 1892.8 [S12]
GONR(200W)/GCE 0.05 Ag/AgCl 0.196 67 (1 mM) 402.3 (1 mM)
426.9 (1
mM)
341.8 2053 2178
This
work
C.L. Sun et al.,
ACS Nano 5,
7788 (2011).

40. SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 402014/Nov./3
2 4 6 8
0
1
2
3
IAA=0.1188+0.2938CAA
R=0.9824Current(A)
Concentration (M)
(a)
2 4 6 8 10
2
4
6
IDA=0.2481+0.4694CDA
R=0.9989
Current(A)
Concentration (M)
(b)
0 2 4 6 8 10
0
1
2 IUA=-0.0023+0.2154CUA
R=0.9979
Current(A)
Concentration (M)
(c)
-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
0
100
200
300
Current(A)
Potential (V vs. Ag/AgCl)
GONR(200W)/GC
AA
DA
UA
229.9mV
126.7
mV
C.L. Sun et al.,
ACS Nano 5,
7788 (2011).

41. SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 412014/Nov./3
Summary of previously published results for the detection of AA, UA
and DA using amperometric measurements with different electrodes
Electrode
Dynamic range (μM)
Limit of detection
(μM) Ref
AA DA UA AA DA UA
PAY/MWCNTs/GCE 1 – 56 ﹣ ﹣ 0.2 ﹣ ﹣ [S10]
Pt/Graphene/GCE
0.15-
34.4
0.03-8.13
0.05-
11.85
0.15 0.03 0.05 [S12]
Gold nanoparticles/Graphene/GCE ﹣ ﹣ 2– 62 ﹣ ﹣ 0.2 [S13]
Polystyrene sulfonate wrapped
MWCNT/graphite cylinder
50–
1000
50 – 350 50 –800 0.5 0.15 0.8 [S14]
Polyaniline- poly(acrylic acid)
network/SCE
1 –
9300
﹣ ﹣ 1 ﹣ ﹣ [S15]
OMC–Fc/GCE ﹣ ﹣ 60–390 ﹣ ﹣ 1.8 [S4]
GONR(200W)/GCE 0.1-8.5 0.15-12.2
0.15-
11.45
0.06 0.08 0.07 This work

42. SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 422014/Nov./3
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
C.L. Sun et al., Biosens. Bioelectron. 67, 327 (2015).

43. Short GONRs
SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 432014/Nov./3
15
20 as-recieved MWCNTs
cut MWCNTs
tion(a.u.)
(a)
(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Lengthorsize(m)
Reaction time (hrs)
TEM
Zetasizer
0 5 10 15 20
0
5
10
15
20 as-recieved MWCNTs
cut MWCNTs
Distribution(a.u.)
Length (m)
(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50
0
2
4
6
8
Lengthorsiz
Reaction time (hrs)
C.L. Sun et al., Biosens. Bioelectron. 67, 327 (2015).

44. SunCL, CGU, Taiwan 442014/Nov./3
-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
Current(A)
Potential (V vs. Ag/AgCl)
GC
Grephene/GC
MWCNT/GC
Short MWCNT/GC
GONR/GC
Short GONR/GC
AA
-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Current(A)
Potential (V vs. Ag/AgCl)
GC
Grephene/GC
MWCNT/GC
Short MWCNT/GC
GONR/GC
Short GONR/GC
UA
-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
Current(A)
Potential (V vs. Ag/AgCl)
GC
Grephene/GC
MWCNT/GC
Short MWCNT/GC
GONR/GC
Short GONR/GC
DA
(a)
(b) (c)
C.L. Sun et al., Biosens. Bioelectron. 67, 327 (2015).