The document discusses institutional set-up and planning processes in India at various levels - state, district, metropolitan, and regional. It outlines the following key points:
1) Most states have Town and Country Planning Departments but they are often headed by non-planners, resulting in delays and lack of vision.
2) Around 85,000-90,000 planners will be needed across India to adequately staff planning processes at various levels.
3) Districts are proposed as the primary planning region due to their administrative structure and inclusion of rural and urban areas. Metropolitan areas crossing multiple districts require coordinated regional planning.
4) Various laws like the Coastal Regulation Zone Notification and Special Economic Zone
Town planning - A Tool to Promote Holistic Development of Human settlementsJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Updated paper tries to bring out the context, role and importance of town planning to make this world a better place to live and work and to make human life more sustainable and efficient. It also tries to brief about the approach which needs adoption to make town planning a better profession.
Town planning - A Tool to Promote Holistic Development of Human settlementsJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Writing is an attempt to briefly describe the context, role and importance of town planning in shaping the human settlements and make them more livable, sustainable and making value addition to human living and working.
types and contents for regional planning for block,district,state and nationgayathrysatheesan1
level planning framework. All planning activities at the district level will be with a single planning body at the district level. This body will be in line with Planning Boards at the state level and Planning Commission at the national level.
types and contents for regional planning for block,district,state and nation ppt
Выступление Алистера Бланта (Варшава, Польша) в ходе панельной дискуссии "Комплексный подход к планированию пространственного и
экономического развития городов" на Форуме Городов 2017 (Бишкек, Кыргызстан). Версия на английском языке
Town planning - A Tool to Promote Holistic Development of Human settlementsJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Updated paper tries to bring out the context, role and importance of town planning to make this world a better place to live and work and to make human life more sustainable and efficient. It also tries to brief about the approach which needs adoption to make town planning a better profession.
Town planning - A Tool to Promote Holistic Development of Human settlementsJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Writing is an attempt to briefly describe the context, role and importance of town planning in shaping the human settlements and make them more livable, sustainable and making value addition to human living and working.
types and contents for regional planning for block,district,state and nationgayathrysatheesan1
level planning framework. All planning activities at the district level will be with a single planning body at the district level. This body will be in line with Planning Boards at the state level and Planning Commission at the national level.
types and contents for regional planning for block,district,state and nation ppt
Выступление Алистера Бланта (Варшава, Польша) в ходе панельной дискуссии "Комплексный подход к планированию пространственного и
экономического развития городов" на Форуме Городов 2017 (Бишкек, Кыргызстан). Версия на английском языке
Sustainable development planning for Zimbabwe bkambasha
This is not a report from City of Harare or Gvt of Zimbabwe but from just a citizen concerned about his beautiful city of Harare the SUNSHINE CITY. Sustainable development starts with us the residents of the city, private companies, visitors to the city and finally the government. Look around our beautiful city how we have done to it, it needs us "each and every citizen, private company and visitors" to do something each day towards helping to restore that status SUNSHINE CITY.
Managing Planning and Development of Citie- 26-2-24.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities in India are known to be in perpetual crisis; facing numerous crises in terms of; crisis of rational growth, crisis of orderly and planned development; crisis of effective and efficient urban management; crisis of making provision of basic infrastructure and services; crisis of climate change; crisis of global warming; crisis of poverty, pollution and population and crisis of making human living and prevailing environment qualitative. These urban crises have genesis in the fact that cities in India, lack ownership, command, authority and lack of willingness to run and manage cities professionally and objectively. In majority of cases, cities in India are run by proxy. In terms of physical growth and development; large cities are marked by multiplicity of agencies claiming right/ownership of development over the urban areas, whereas smaller cities face absence of such ownership and are made to run, operate and function like orphans
This is a powerpoint presentation which I personally extracted and prepared for a class report in MPAF from old manual from the Academy of Local Government.
Multi-level planning refers to the process of planning and decision-making across multiple levels of government, institutions, or organizations. In multi-level planning, there is a coordinated effort to ensure that plans, policies, and decisions are aligned across different levels to achieve shared goals and objectives.
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Sustainable development planning for Zimbabwe bkambasha
This is not a report from City of Harare or Gvt of Zimbabwe but from just a citizen concerned about his beautiful city of Harare the SUNSHINE CITY. Sustainable development starts with us the residents of the city, private companies, visitors to the city and finally the government. Look around our beautiful city how we have done to it, it needs us "each and every citizen, private company and visitors" to do something each day towards helping to restore that status SUNSHINE CITY.
Managing Planning and Development of Citie- 26-2-24.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities in India are known to be in perpetual crisis; facing numerous crises in terms of; crisis of rational growth, crisis of orderly and planned development; crisis of effective and efficient urban management; crisis of making provision of basic infrastructure and services; crisis of climate change; crisis of global warming; crisis of poverty, pollution and population and crisis of making human living and prevailing environment qualitative. These urban crises have genesis in the fact that cities in India, lack ownership, command, authority and lack of willingness to run and manage cities professionally and objectively. In majority of cases, cities in India are run by proxy. In terms of physical growth and development; large cities are marked by multiplicity of agencies claiming right/ownership of development over the urban areas, whereas smaller cities face absence of such ownership and are made to run, operate and function like orphans
This is a powerpoint presentation which I personally extracted and prepared for a class report in MPAF from old manual from the Academy of Local Government.
Multi-level planning refers to the process of planning and decision-making across multiple levels of government, institutions, or organizations. In multi-level planning, there is a coordinated effort to ensure that plans, policies, and decisions are aligned across different levels to achieve shared goals and objectives.
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how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Latino Buying Power - May 2024 Presentation for Latino CaucusDanay Escanaverino
Unlock the potential of Latino Buying Power with this in-depth SlideShare presentation. Explore how the Latino consumer market is transforming the American economy, driven by their significant buying power, entrepreneurial contributions, and growing influence across various sectors.
**Key Sections Covered:**
1. **Economic Impact:** Understand the profound economic impact of Latino consumers on the U.S. economy. Discover how their increasing purchasing power is fueling growth in key industries and contributing to national economic prosperity.
2. **Buying Power:** Dive into detailed analyses of Latino buying power, including its growth trends, key drivers, and projections for the future. Learn how this influential group’s spending habits are shaping market dynamics and creating opportunities for businesses.
3. **Entrepreneurial Contributions:** Explore the entrepreneurial spirit within the Latino community. Examine how Latino-owned businesses are thriving and contributing to job creation, innovation, and economic diversification.
4. **Workforce Statistics:** Gain insights into the role of Latino workers in the American labor market. Review statistics on employment rates, occupational distribution, and the economic contributions of Latino professionals across various industries.
5. **Media Consumption:** Understand the media consumption habits of Latino audiences. Discover their preferences for digital platforms, television, radio, and social media. Learn how these consumption patterns are influencing advertising strategies and media content.
6. **Education:** Examine the educational achievements and challenges within the Latino community. Review statistics on enrollment, graduation rates, and fields of study. Understand the implications of education on economic mobility and workforce readiness.
7. **Home Ownership:** Explore trends in Latino home ownership. Understand the factors driving home buying decisions, the challenges faced by Latino homeowners, and the impact of home ownership on community stability and economic growth.
This SlideShare provides valuable insights for marketers, business owners, policymakers, and anyone interested in the economic influence of the Latino community. By understanding the various facets of Latino buying power, you can effectively engage with this dynamic and growing market segment.
Equip yourself with the knowledge to leverage Latino buying power, tap into their entrepreneurial spirit, and connect with their unique cultural and consumer preferences. Drive your business success by embracing the economic potential of Latino consumers.
**Keywords:** Latino buying power, economic impact, entrepreneurial contributions, workforce statistics, media consumption, education, home ownership, Latino market, Hispanic buying power, Latino purchasing power.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
Resume
• Real GDP growth slowed down due to problems with access to electricity caused by the destruction of manoeuvrable electricity generation by Russian drones and missiles.
• Exports and imports continued growing due to better logistics through the Ukrainian sea corridor and road. Polish farmers and drivers stopped blocking borders at the end of April.
• In April, both the Tax and Customs Services over-executed the revenue plan. Moreover, the NBU transferred twice the planned profit to the budget.
• The European side approved the Ukraine Plan, which the government adopted to determine indicators for the Ukraine Facility. That approval will allow Ukraine to receive a EUR 1.9 bn loan from the EU in May. At the same time, the EU provided Ukraine with a EUR 1.5 bn loan in April, as the government fulfilled five indicators under the Ukraine Plan.
• The USA has finally approved an aid package for Ukraine, which includes USD 7.8 bn of budget support; however, the conditions and timing of the assistance are still unknown.
• As in March, annual consumer inflation amounted to 3.2% yoy in April.
• At the April monetary policy meeting, the NBU again reduced the key policy rate from 14.5% to 13.5% per annum.
• Over the past four weeks, the hryvnia exchange rate has stabilized in the UAH 39-40 per USD range.
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USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptx
NOTES I.docx
1. Institutional Set‐Up
Planning function is a continuous process and the Planning Department’s work
continues from plan preparation to plan processing, enforcement, implementation,
plan detailing, review and then plan formulation and so on. The plan formulation,
implementation, monitoring and review exercises must be statutorily prescribed in
the State Acts and completed within the specified time‐frame as schedule. In the
context of these requirements institutional set‐up has a vital role.
Town and Country Planning Departments: State Levels
Most of the States in India have Department of Town and Country Planning (T&CP),
under the provisions of State Town and Country Planning Acts. But, not all the
Departments of T&CP are headed by qualified planners. Instead of Chief Town
Planner, the Departments are headed by Chief Engineers or Administrators and in few
cases by Senior Town Planners. Thus, despite of qualified manpower T&CP
departments at many states are headed by non‐planners which lead to problems, like
delayed decision making, lack of appropriate visions and policy in planning, delay in
master plan preparation.
Required manpower of State Town Planning Department
District Planning Committee
State Governments have been empowered by 74th Constitutional Amendment Act to
constitute District Planning Committee. These committees are to be responsible for
the preparation of District Development Plan. However, even after 2 decades of
amendment, most of the states have not constituted these committees.
In a study done by TCPO in consultation with State Town & Country Planning
Departments and academic institutions, tentative strength of planners required at
different planning levels was deliberated. It was agreed that proportion of town
planners would vary according to the population and size of the administrative units.
The manpower requirement of DPCs, as assessed, is presented below.
2. Number of Town Planners required at District Level
Urban Local Bodies (Municipality, Development Authority,
MPC)
In view of growing number of cities and towns the number of town planners at
Metropolitan Planning Committees was assessed to be around 1,200. It was
established that number of town planners may vary city to city depending upon
number of zones/wards in the city. It was normated that for every 5 lakh population,
1 town planner is required at metropolitan planning area.
Number of Town Planners in Metropolitan Planning Area
The Census of India, 2011 has for the first time classified a large number of towns as
census towns (3,894). These rural settlements have attained urban characteristics
and need support of town planners. It was assessed that about 79,000 planners will
be required in small and medium cities alone.
Number of Town Planners required for non‐million plus cities (small & medium cities)
Thus, the analysis done by TCPO indicates that 85,000 to 90,000 planners would be
required in the country at various levels of planning framework, which roughly works
out to 1 planner per 14,000 population.
Team Requirement for Plan Formulation
3. Team Requirement
Core Planners’ team for holistic planning of cities and regions should necessarily
consist of:
� Urban planner and/or regional planner,
� Environmental planner,
� Transport planners and
� Infrastructure planner.
Apart from team of planners certain experts’ are also required (as per requirement of
the study) such as,–
� Urban designer,
� Legal expert,
� Economist,
� Geographers & Demographer,
� Sociologist/Anthropologist,
� Expert in housing and good governance,
� Heritage conversation expert,
� Tourism expert,
� Urban policy expert,
� Development planner,
� Water & Sanitation expert and others,
� Architectural draftsman / GIS expert or associate.
Institutional Reforms
Regulatory Body at State Level
A Regulatory body ‘Urban‐ Regional Planning and Development Regulatory Authority’
at State level should be established through statutory support. The role of this body
should be to regulate and monitor the functioning of development bodies and also to
regulate Urban and Regional Development Authorities/ Bodies / Agencies.This
regulatory body should have following objectives to fulfil its role and functions in an
envisioned manner:
� Assess and Monitor the overall Urban / Regional Planning in the State.
� Observer and Evaluate impacts of planning on other elements of development system, especially
Environment and Social & Balanced Regional Development.
� Quicken the process of approval of Plans coupled with transparency.
� Promote and direct FDI in Real Estate Sector.
� Prepare Standard monitoring plan and evaluation parameters
� To serve as a Centralised Single Window for clearance and
� Authority to exam the plan modification request and permit (mid‐term) landuse changes in the
plan which may be guided by large developments, social interest and need for all.
4. Aspects of Regional Planning
The preliminary aspects of regional planning may constitute the following, which
highlight the advantages of the approach:
1. Sustainability Sustainability leads to balance in Regional Development which implies efficient
use of available resources and opportunities for development in all parts of the region.
Sustainability of regional planning depends upon:
i. Management of major environmental inputs namely water (both surface and ground),
minerals, maintenance of green cover, protection of sensitive environmental areas and
linking areas with special opportunities for development like religious, archaeological etc.
ii. Balanced and equitable spatial and economic development of the region
iii. Effective Use of local resources including cultural resources such as art &crafts.
iv. Optimisation of regional multimodal mobility and TOD.
Sustainability based regional development can provide solutions for elevation of urban poverty,
minimisation of urban sprawl and managing migration, which are majorly outcomes of lack of
regional planning.
2. Environment – Some of the major environmental concerns that can be addressed by regional
planning approach are the following:
i. Control of pollution specially water pollution, use and maintenance of the water courses.
ii. Maintenance of green cover, forests and eco fragile areas.
iii. Control and regulation of activities which have impact on environment.
While planning, the environmentally sensitive areas should be identified which are non‐conducive
for development. Such areas should be either protected or developed while following relevant
standards.
3. Disaster Management – The impact of natural disasters is exaggerated by unscientific plus
unplanned development. Regional development should promote efficient response and
preparedness to disasters such as floods, landslides, land subsistence, fire and earthquake. The
Disaster Management Act, 2005 makes it mandatory to prepare Disaster Management Plan at
State and District level. Integration of hazard (micro) zoning in planning activities is more
facilitative and responding at regional level which can be integrated with the provisions of
NDMA. Zoning hazards and its holistic approach can be achieved largely at the regional level
scale or better at city level. Thus, regional planning is the solution to integrated response.
4. Promoting Balanced Development – Imbalanced development of the country due to missing
regional planning approach to bring development in urban‐rural settlements simultaneously
has led to lopsided development in favour of urban settlements. As a result centripetal and
centrifugal forces of human movement have come to work with intensity in the urban parts of
the country. Lack of integrated spatial planning specially in the influence area of metropolitan
cities has led to ‘rural push’. Migration across administrative boundaries to the cities without
adequate functional infrastructure to support the population puts pressure on the
administrative departments. On the other hand the areas from where out‐migration takes place
suffer with imbalance growth. Thus, an integrated planning approach is required to provide
administrative solution for provision of sustainable infrastructure in the region and vision
development of the peri‐urban areas & counter magnets.
5. Inclusivity – Regional planning can bring inclusivity in broader area by preparing plan after
considering issues, strengths and prospects of a large spatial unit. Regional disparities
especially peri‐urban areas surrounding large cities and metropolitans present contrasting
conditions both physically and social‐economically. Regional planning can efficiently tackle the
problem arising out of the transition of rural area into peri‐urban and urban areas. Inclusive
development principles can bridge the gap present in terms of regional disparity in India.
5. Categorization of regions in Indian context
District as a Planning Region
District as a unit is a holistic concept which administratively provides a strong
foundation for planning. The hierarchy of settlements and natural resources available
in relatively larger region are other additional reasons which make district a unit of
planning more logical premise.
Need for Administrative Structure
Administrative structure to guide planning at district level is important. The 74th
Constitutional Amendment Act provides that the State Legislature should provide for
the composition of District Planning Committee (DPC) given that there shall be
elected representatives of Panchayats and municipalities in committee in
proportionate ratio. For this, State Governments are required to amend existing or
enact new laws to introduce DPC in planning administration structure.
Process of planning at District level
6. parameters have been shared below but this is only suggestive list, which must be
made exhaustive while preparing plan at state level:
� Eco sensitive zones of the state,
� Boundaries of all the urban and rural settlements of the state,
� Mapping of transport and communication networks,
� Mapping of natural features,
� Industrial, mining and related area,
� Disaster Zonation
� All maps/plans must be prepared on GIS platform and geo‐referenced.
The State Perspective plan should be distributed to the Districts as a reference for
preparation of further plans at district level. At the stage of Perspective Plan
preparation, the mapping scale, time lines and roles and responsibilities for the
preparation of district plan preparation should be decided which will bring clarity
and uniformity in mapping and plan preparation process. District administration
should proceed with distributing the plans and maps at taluka level and from taluka
level to village Panchayats. The Draft Development plan should then be prepared at
each village Panchayat level with public participation. Here, capacity building and
technical knowhow would need to be percolated from the top administrative set‐ups
and supporting institutional arrangements. The training to the selected people or
people’s representatives must be provided along with trained officials through the
plan preparation process. Similar process must be followed in settlements of urban
hierarchy. Once the plan process at grass root level is over, these plans should be
compiled first at taluka level or at its urban counter parts by Development Authority/
Municipal Corporation to formulate the draft District Regional Plan.
The Draft District Regional Plan then must be put on public forum for objections and
suggestions to impart transparency in the plan process. To meet the purpose of the
district plan, interchangeable options and conflict of interest would need to be
answered in the regional plan. Once the process of public participation is over and
with the approval of State legislature, the final Regional Plan should be uploaded on
relevant websites for future reference and use.
9. Metropolitan Planning Region
Metropolitan area is a large urban settlement, which has population from 10 lakh and
above. The aerial extent of such settlements is huge and often spread across multiple
districts. India has 53 metropolitan cities per Census, 2011. Many of these cities have
already been covered by metropolitan planning or development authorities, such as
Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad and Guwahati.
Formulation of Metropolitans Authorities was conceived with the idea of initiating the
integrated planning and development of the major cities and their surrounding areas.
Constitution requires the States to constitute Metropolitan Planning Committees
through State legislature. Various States‐ West Bengal, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh
have issued procedures for formulation of Metropolitan Planning Committee (MPC)
and metropolitan areas like Kolkata, Mumbai, Nagpur, Pune have MPCs. However,
only Kolkata MPC has prepared a Metropolitan Development Plan (MDP).
10. Coastal Regulation Zone, 2011
Central Government declared the following areas as CRZ and imposed restrictions on
the setting up and expansion of industries, operations or processes and the like in the
CRZ through the Coastal Regulation Zone Notification, 2011:
� The land area from High Tide Line (HTL means the line on the land up to which the
highest water line reaches during the spring tide) to 500 meters on the landward
side along the sea front.
� CRZ shall apply to the land area between HTL to 100 meters or width of the creek
whichever is less on the landward side along the tidal influenced water bodies that
are connected to the sea and the distance upto which development along such
tidal influenced water bodies is to be regulated shall be governed by the distance
up to which the tidal effects are experienced which shall be determined based on
salinity concentration of 5 Parts Per Thousand (ppt) measured during the driest
period of the year and distance upto which tidal effects are experienced shall be
clearly identified and demarcated accordingly in the Coastal Zone Management
Plans (CZMPs).
� The land area falling between the hazard line and 500 meters from HTL on the
landward side, in case of seafront and between the hazard line and 100 meters line
in case of tidal influenced water body the word ‘hazard line’ denotes the line
demarcated by Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) through the Survey of
India (SoI) taking into account tides, waves, sea level rise and shoreline changes.
� Land area between HTL and Low Tide Line (LTL) is termed as the intertidal zone.
� The water and the bed area between the LTL to the territorial water limit (12 Nm)
in case of sea. The water and the bed area between LTL at the bank to the LTL on
the opposite side of the bank, of tidal influenced water bodies.
The following activities have been declared prohibited under the CRZ notifications:
i. Setting up of new industries and expansion of existing industries with some
exception,
ii. Manufacture or handling oil storage or disposal of hazardous substance, with
some exception,
iii. Setting up and expansion of fish processing units including warehousing except
hatchery and natural fish drying in permitted areas
iv. Land reclamation, bunding or disturbing the natural course of seawater with
some exception,
v. Setting up and expansion of units or mechanism for disposal of wastes and
effluents with some exception,
vi. Discharge of untreated waste and effluents from industries, cities or towns and
other human settlements. The concerned authorities shall implement schemes
for phasing out existing discharge of this nature, if any, within a time period not
exceeding two years from the date of issue of this notification.
vii. Dumping of city or town wastes including construction debris, industrial solid
waste, fly schemes for phasing out any existing practice, if any, shall be phased
out within a period of one year from date of commencement of this notification.
viii. Port and harbour projects in high eroding stretches of the coast, except those
projects classified as strategic and defence related in terms of EIA notification,
2006 identified by MoEF based on scientific studies and in consultation with the
State Government or the Union territory Administration.
ix. Reclamation for commercial purposes such as shopping and housing complexes,
11. hotels and entertainment activities.
x. Mining of sand, rocks and other sub‐strata materials.
xi. Drawl of groundwater and construction related thereto, within 200mts of HTL;
with some exception.
Special Economic Zone (SEZ) Act, 2005
The SEZ Act, 2005 provides for the establishment, development and management of
the Special Economic Zones for the promotion of exports. The Act gives tax benefits
which shall boost international trade.
The key features of the Act are:
1. Chapter III of the Act provides for Constitution of the Board of approval for
granting approval for setting up the SEZ. The Central Government shall upon
satisfaction of the requirements notify the specifically identified area in the State
as a Special Economic Zone.
2. According to section 5 of the Act, the notification of the SEZ may be guided by the
following:
a. generation of additional economic activity
b. promotion of exports of goods and services;
c. promotion of investment from domestic and foreign sources;
d. creation of employment opportunities;
e. development of infrastructure facilities; and
f. maintenance of sovereignty and integrity of India, the security of the State
and friendly relations with foreign States.
3. Section 6 of SEZ Act states that areas falling within the SEZ may be demarcated as:
a. the processing area for setting up Units for activities such as manufacture of
goods, or rendering services;
b. the area exclusively for trading or warehousing purposes; or
c. the non‐processing areas for activities other than those specified under
clause (a) and (b)
4. Any goods or services exported, imported or procured from the domestic tariff
area by a unit in the SEZ or the developer is exempted from the payment of taxes,
duties or cess.
5. According to section 17 (page 20) of the Act, the application for setting up and
operation of an Offshore banking unit in a SEZ may be made to the Reserve Bank.
6. The SEZ can be deemed to be a port, inland container depot, land station and land
customs station as per notification of Central Government under section 7 of the
Customs Act, 1962.
7. The Modifications to the Income Tax Act, 1961; Insurance Act, 1938; banking
Regulation Act, 1949; the Indian Stamp Act, 1899 applicable to the SEZ are given in
the Act.
8. For computation of total income of an accesses, a deduction of the following is
allowed:
a. Hundred % of profits and gains derived from exports for a period of first five
years
b. Fifty % of profits and gains derived from exports for further five assessment
years and thereafter
c. An amount upto fifty % of the profits shall be credited to a Reserve Account
for the next five consecutive assessment years for the purpose of acquiring
12. plant and machinery or for creation of any asset.
Minimum land area requirements for setting up of SEZ
� Area of the SEZ:As per the amendment (12th August, 2013) of SEZ rules (2006),
to address the problem of aggregating large tracts of uncultivable land for setting
up SEZs, while conforming to vacancy and contiguity norms, the minimum land
area requirements for setting up of SEZ in various categories has been reduced by
half. This is also aimed at permitting optimum utilization of land by the existing
SEZs.
� Multiproduct
SEZ: can be established with minimum land area of 500 hectares
instead of 1,000 hectares. Similarly, a sector specific SEZ can be set‐up with a
minimum land area requirements of 50 hectares instead of 100 hectares.
� Agro Sector: In order to encourage agro‐based industries in SEZs, a new sector
'agro‐based food processing' sector has been introduced. A sector specific SEZ
would require a minimum land area of 10 hectares.
� IT /ITES Sector: No minimum land area requirement for IT/ITES SEZs is
prescribed, but these will have to conform to a minimum built up area
requirement.
– The minimum built up area requirement of 1,00,000 square meters will now be
insisted upon for seven major cities viz: Mumbai, Delhi (NCR), Chennai,
Hyderabad, Bangalore, Pune and Kolkata,
– For the other set of Category B cities 50,000 square meters norm will be
applicable and
– For the remaining cities / locations 25,000 square meters of minimum built up
area will be insisted upon.