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Norton's Theorem Presentation for university.pdf
- 1. NORTON'S THEOREM Network Analysis Techniques ElectricalEngineering Fundamentals
- 2. CONCEPT DEFINITION THE STATEMENT Anylinear, bilateral DC network containing independent or dependent sources can be replaced by an equivalent circuit consisting of a single current source in parallel with a single resistor. KEY CONDITIONS Linear: The circuit components R, L, C) must have constant parameters regardless of voltage or current levels. Bilateral: Current flows equally well in both directions (e.g., standard resistors).
- 3. THE NORTON EQUIVALENTCIRCUIT The complex network is reduced to two simplified components connected to the load terminals: Norton Current $I_N$ The short-circuit current at the terminals. Norton Resistance $R_N$ The equivalent resistance looking back into the open terminals.
- 4. STEP-BY-STEP ANALYSIS 1. RemoveLoad Disconnect the load resistor $R_L$) from the output terminals to create an open circuit. 2. Find $R_N$ Turn off all independent sources Voltage sources Shorted, Current sources Opened) and calculate equivalent resistance. 3. Find $I_N$ Place a short circuit wire across the output terminals. Calculate the current flowing through this short wire.
- 5. NORTON VS. THEVENIN SOURCETRANSFORMATION Norton's theorem is effectively the dual of Thevenin's theorem. You can convert between the two models using Ohm's Law. This implies that the Norton resistance $R_N$) is numerically equal to the Thevenin resistance $R_{th}$.
- 6. APPLICATIONS 1. Simplifying ComplexNetworks: Reduces a large section of a circuit into a simple two-component model, making calculations manageable. 2. Variable Load Analysis: If the load resistor $R_L$ changes frequently, re-calculating the entire circuit is tedious. With Norton's, you calculate the equivalent circuit once, then simply apply the current divider formula for each new load value. 3. Parallel Circuit Analysis: Often more convenient than Thevenin's for circuits with many parallel branches.
- 7. QUESTIONS? Thank you foryour attention.
- 8. IMAGE SOURCES https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/uploads/thumbnails/Figure_2._Norton_equivalent_circuit_with_load_resistor_.jpg Source: www.allaboutcircuits.com https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/uploads/thumbnails/thevenin_norton_answer_card_thumbnail.jpg Source:www.allaboutcircuits.com https://images.stockcake.com/public/b/a/0/ba0f093e-f53f-42ec-b631-e3609ffc0f11_large/futuristic-circuit-board-stockcake.jpg Source: stockcake.com