The field trip will involve visiting Mormon Rocks and the North Etiwanda Preserve on November 18, 2010. Students are required to meet at 2 PM at a McDonald's in Phelan to caravan to Mormon Rocks. They must bring cameras and notebooks to take photos and create a photo journal of specified items. The sites showcase rock formations along the San Andreas Fault at Mormon Rocks and various habitats like coastal sage scrub at the preserve that are home to endangered species.
This patient's signs of tachypnea, tachycardia and hypotension despite a patent airway suggest potential thoracic injury. To evaluate, the provider would perform a thorough secondary survey including chest x-ray, FAST exam, ABG and ECG to identify injuries like pneumothorax, hemothorax or cardiac tamponade requiring interventions like chest tube insertion or operation. Prompt identification and treatment of life-threatening thoracic injuries is critical in trauma patients.
This document summarizes a journal club presentation on blood pressure management in acute ischemic stroke patients. It discusses an observational study showing over 92% of stroke patients presented with hypertension. The presentation explores current evidence on risks of lowering blood pressure too much in the first 24 hours versus benefits of treatment. The CATIS trial aimed to evaluate if immediate blood pressure reduction improved outcomes, randomizing over 4,000 patients to antihypertensive treatment or control. It found no significant difference in death or disability between groups at 14 days or 3 months, showing immediate blood pressure reduction was not beneficial.
The document provides an overview of thoracic trauma, including anatomy and physiology of the thorax, pathophysiology of various thoracic injuries from blunt and penetrating trauma, and management of conditions like pneumothorax, hemothorax, and cardiac injuries. It describes the vital structures in the thorax, mechanisms of injury, signs and symptoms of conditions like flail chest and tension pneumothorax, and general management principles like ensuring airway, breathing, and circulation while anticipating potential myocardial compromise.
This document outlines the anatomy of the chest and describes various types of chest trauma, including blunt and penetrating injuries. It discusses the initial assessment and management of life-threatening injuries like tension pneumothorax, massive hemothorax, and cardiac tamponade. The document also covers procedures like needle decompression, tube thoracostomy, and emergency department thoracotomy that may be used to treat severe chest trauma. Overall, the document emphasizes the importance of promptly identifying and treating life-threatening injuries to the chest.
South America is the southern portion of the Americas, located south of North America. It has a population of over 385 million people and covers an area of over 6.8 million square miles. Some key facts:
- It was named after Amerigo Vespucci and includes 12 independent countries and French Guiana.
- It has a rapidly developing economy focused on industries like agriculture, fishing, resources and manufacturing. Countries like Brazil, Argentina, Colombia and Chile have particularly large economies.
- The dominant religion is Roman Catholicism and the most widely spoken language is Portuguese, especially in Brazil which has the largest economy in South America.
Este documento describe dos teorías del aprendizaje: el conductismo y el cognitivismo. Explica las características de cada una a través de mapas conceptuales, destacando que el conductismo se basa en el estímulo-respuesta mientras que el cognitivismo enfatiza procesos mentales como la creatividad y la investigación. El objetivo es ayudar a comprender los principios de estas teorías y su importancia para la enseñanza.
This letter provides a strong recommendation for Matthew Torres, a student completing a Health Care Administration program. The professor notes that Matthew has worked hard, learned a great deal, and is well qualified for a position in healthcare management. He has demonstrated leadership, critical thinking, and insights into healthcare issues. Matthew also has strengths in creativity, building rapport, and expertise in materials management and human resources. The professor highly recommends Matthew for a management opportunity.
This patient's signs of tachypnea, tachycardia and hypotension despite a patent airway suggest potential thoracic injury. To evaluate, the provider would perform a thorough secondary survey including chest x-ray, FAST exam, ABG and ECG to identify injuries like pneumothorax, hemothorax or cardiac tamponade requiring interventions like chest tube insertion or operation. Prompt identification and treatment of life-threatening thoracic injuries is critical in trauma patients.
This document summarizes a journal club presentation on blood pressure management in acute ischemic stroke patients. It discusses an observational study showing over 92% of stroke patients presented with hypertension. The presentation explores current evidence on risks of lowering blood pressure too much in the first 24 hours versus benefits of treatment. The CATIS trial aimed to evaluate if immediate blood pressure reduction improved outcomes, randomizing over 4,000 patients to antihypertensive treatment or control. It found no significant difference in death or disability between groups at 14 days or 3 months, showing immediate blood pressure reduction was not beneficial.
The document provides an overview of thoracic trauma, including anatomy and physiology of the thorax, pathophysiology of various thoracic injuries from blunt and penetrating trauma, and management of conditions like pneumothorax, hemothorax, and cardiac injuries. It describes the vital structures in the thorax, mechanisms of injury, signs and symptoms of conditions like flail chest and tension pneumothorax, and general management principles like ensuring airway, breathing, and circulation while anticipating potential myocardial compromise.
This document outlines the anatomy of the chest and describes various types of chest trauma, including blunt and penetrating injuries. It discusses the initial assessment and management of life-threatening injuries like tension pneumothorax, massive hemothorax, and cardiac tamponade. The document also covers procedures like needle decompression, tube thoracostomy, and emergency department thoracotomy that may be used to treat severe chest trauma. Overall, the document emphasizes the importance of promptly identifying and treating life-threatening injuries to the chest.
South America is the southern portion of the Americas, located south of North America. It has a population of over 385 million people and covers an area of over 6.8 million square miles. Some key facts:
- It was named after Amerigo Vespucci and includes 12 independent countries and French Guiana.
- It has a rapidly developing economy focused on industries like agriculture, fishing, resources and manufacturing. Countries like Brazil, Argentina, Colombia and Chile have particularly large economies.
- The dominant religion is Roman Catholicism and the most widely spoken language is Portuguese, especially in Brazil which has the largest economy in South America.
Este documento describe dos teorías del aprendizaje: el conductismo y el cognitivismo. Explica las características de cada una a través de mapas conceptuales, destacando que el conductismo se basa en el estímulo-respuesta mientras que el cognitivismo enfatiza procesos mentales como la creatividad y la investigación. El objetivo es ayudar a comprender los principios de estas teorías y su importancia para la enseñanza.
This letter provides a strong recommendation for Matthew Torres, a student completing a Health Care Administration program. The professor notes that Matthew has worked hard, learned a great deal, and is well qualified for a position in healthcare management. He has demonstrated leadership, critical thinking, and insights into healthcare issues. Matthew also has strengths in creativity, building rapport, and expertise in materials management and human resources. The professor highly recommends Matthew for a management opportunity.
Mormon rocks etiwanda preserve power pointlschmidt1170
The document provides information about a field trip to Mormon Rocks and the Etiwanda Preserve. It discusses how the Mormon Rocks were formed by the San Andreas Fault and named after Mormon settlers. It describes the geology of the San Andreas Fault and the granular structure of the Mormon Rocks. It then gives details about the vegetation and wildlife at the Etiwanda Preserve, which was established to preserve habitat, and impacts from the Grand Prix Fire that burned over 60,000 acres.
Mormon Rocks was formed by the folding of rock along the San Andreas Fault between the North American and Pacific tectonic plates. It is composed of cemented sedimentary rock like conglomerate and displays pockmarks on its surfaces caused by thermal expansion and erosion. The North Etiwanda Preserve protects rare Riversidian sage scrub habitat and endangered species. It was impacted by a 2003 wildfire but the vegetation has resiliently recovered, though ongoing threats from pollution and development loom.
The document summarizes information about Mormon Rocks and the North Etiwanda Preserve. Mormon Rocks were formed by compression along the San Andreas Fault and are composed of sandstone and granular structures. The preserve protects the endangered Riversidian Alluvial Sage Scrub habitat and other species. It also provides flood control and drinking water for the dry environment and its inhabitants.
This document summarizes California's four main geographic regions: the Coast, Desert, Central Valley, and Mountains. The Coast region spans 800 miles along the Pacific Ocean and contains beaches, coastal mountains, valleys for farming, and island chains. The Central Valley is one of the most productive agricultural regions due to its fertile soil. It grows crops like grapes, citrus, and wheat. The Desert region covers southeast California and contains extremely dry areas like Death Valley, but irrigation allows farming in valleys. The Mountain region includes the towering Sierra Nevada and Cascade ranges, containing peaks like Mt. Whitney and valleys such as Yosemite.
Here are the key details about the Catawba River Basin:
- Location: Located in the southwestern part of North Carolina in the piedmont region. The river originates in the mountains.
- Main River & Tributaries: The main river is the Catawba River. A large tributary is the South Fork Catawba River. Other tributaries include Jacob Fork and Johns River.
- Total Miles: The total miles of streams and rivers is approximately 224 miles.
- Size: The size of the river basin is 32,000 acres.
- Counties/Cities: Counties include Lincoln, Catawba, Iredell, and Mecklen
Here are the key details about the Catawba River Basin:
- Location: Located in the southwestern part of North Carolina in the piedmont region. The river originates in the mountains.
- Main River & Tributaries: The main river is the Catawba River. A large tributary is the South Fork Catawba River. Other tributaries include Jacob Fork and Johns River.
- Total Miles: The total miles of streams and rivers is approximately 224 miles.
- Size: The size of the river basin is 32,000 acres.
- Counties/Cities: Counties include Lincoln County. Cities include Lincolnton.
- Historical Facts:
The Mojave Desert spans 15,000 square miles across Southern California, Nevada, Arizona, and Utah. It sits at an elevation of 2,000 to 5,000 feet and was formed by volcanic activity and material deposited by the Colorado River, though it was once underwater. The desert is bordered by mountain ranges to the north and west and major fault systems to the west. Native peoples historically grew crops near the Colorado River's overflow. During the Gold Rush, over 250,000 people crossed the Mojave. The desert features geological areas like dry washes, salt pans, cliffs, and sand dunes. Though mostly dry, streams periodically flow and limit plant growth. Conservation efforts aim to protect the Mojave
California is a geographically diverse state with unique attributes that have contributed to its growth and development. It has varied topography ranging from rugged coastal mountains to fertile valleys. Its Mediterranean climate concentrates rainfall in winter months, creating a seasonal agricultural economy dependent on snowmelt and irrigation. The state's location on the Pacific coast exposed it to global influences that have made it one of the most ethnically diverse populations in the world.
California Geography Introduction with the California Atlascalgeopal
Introduction to California Geography presentation developed by the California Geographic Alliance (CGA) for use with the California Atlas. The original PowerPoint presentation is available for download from the calgeography.org website.
Very Cool Michigan High Adventures 05 (Scouts)Steve Lagreca
Exciting, adventurous campouts for Michigan Scouts, Venturers, and those who enjoy the outdoors.
- Michigan's Tri-county area
- Within a (long) day’s drive
Includes descriptions, photos, areas of interest, and patches.
The document discusses the geography and history of Virginia. It describes the five geographic regions - Coastal Plain, Piedmont, Blue Ridge Mountains, Valley and Ridge, and Appalachian Plateau. It also discusses the Chesapeake Bay, major rivers including the James and York Rivers, Lake Drummond, and the Dismal Swamp. Finally, it provides information on Native American groups that lived in each region and settlements like Werowocomoco and Jamestown.
The Broad River basin originates in the mountains of western North Carolina and flows southeast through the foothills and Piedmont region into South Carolina, covering over 1,500 square miles. Major tributaries include the Green, First Broad, Second Broad, and North Pacolet rivers, and cities like Kings Mountain, Shelby, and Forest City obtain their water from the basin. The basin contains over 100,000 acres of public and private land home to rare plants and animals and is a popular area for hiking, tubing, and other outdoor recreation activities.
The Broad River Basin:
- Originates in the mountains of western North Carolina and flows southeast through the piedmont region.
- Contains over 100,000 acres of public and private land with rare plants and animals.
- Provides water to cities like Kings Mountain, Shelby, and Forest City across multiple counties.
The United States is the third largest country in the world, located in North America between Canada and Mexico. It has diverse terrain ranging from coastal plains to Appalachian Mountains to the western Rocky Mountains and Cascade Range. The climate and vegetation also vary significantly from tropical rainforests in Hawaii to deserts in the Southwest. Religiously, most Americans identify as Christian, with the largest denominations being Protestant and Catholic. Tourism is also a large industry, featuring popular destinations like New York City, Los Angeles, Disney World, and various national parks across the country known for their natural beauty.
The Sierra Nevada uplifts at a rate of 4 centimeters per 100 years due to the subduction of the Farallon Plate under the North American Plate. The Sierran Block forms the core of the Sierra Nevada and consists of granite, granodiorite, and diorite plutonic rocks. Yosemite Lakes Park's geology is dominated by the exfoliating granite dome of Revis Mountain, which stands at 2,162 feet and displays igneous intrusions. The region's hydrology is shaped by its Mediterranean climate, and Coarsegold Creek is a source of placer gold deposits.
Geology of Yosemite Lakes Park, CaliforniaMepardon
The Sierra Nevada uplift is estimated to occur at a rate of 4 centimeters every 100 years, due to the subduction of the Farallon Plate under the North American Plate in the past. The core of the Sierra Nevada mountain range is formed by the large Sierra Batholith, which contains plutonic rocks such as granite, granodiorite and diorite. Yosemite Lakes Park's geology is dominated by exfoliating granite domes, with its largest dome being Revis Mountain at 2,162 feet in elevation. The park's hydrology is shaped by its Mediterranean climate, with wet winters bringing significant rainfall that is an important source of water for California.
This document provides an overview of the biological, geographical, climatic, economic, demographic, cultural, and political diversity of California. It divides California into 10 distinct bioregions based on their unique assemblages of natural communities, including the Klamath/Cascade Coast Range, Modoc Volcanic Highlands, Sacramento Valley, Sierra Nevada Range, San Francisco Bay and Delta Estuary, San Joaquin Valley, Central Coast Range, Mojave Desert, South Coast Range, and Colorado Desert. The document notes that California's economy would rival powerful nations and discusses the impacts of climate change, including rising temperatures, more frequent heat waves, reduced snowpack in the Sierra Nevada, and increased flooding risks from more intense
The document discusses 18 conservation projects in California, providing photos and details about each project. The projects aim to conserve lands for wildlife and habitat and include expansions of existing conservation areas, new conservation easements, and public access improvements. Locations include counties like Riverside, San Diego, Yolo, and more.
The document summarizes geology fieldwork conducted in the San Bernardino Mountains. It describes the formation of the mountains due to tectonic plate movement along the San Andreas Fault. It details the local geology, including metamorphic and sedimentary rocks observed in Lytle Creek. Native plants, animals and trees of the area are also discussed, along with their fossil and evolutionary histories.
This document summarizes Jeanette Hernandez's geology field trips from October 6th and November 16-18th, 2012. It includes descriptions and images of Mormon Rocks, Cinder Hill Volcano, Fossil Falls, Mt. Whitney, the Inyo-White Mountains, an alluvial fan, Diaz Lake, the Lone Pine Fault, Manzanar, Mono Lake, Panum Crater, Convict Lake, Keoughs Hot Springs, the June Lake Loop, the Owens River, the Eastern California Museum, a solar power plant, Doppler radar tower, the Garlock Fault, desert vegetation including the Joshua tree and creosote, the California Aqueduct, and Owens Dry Lake.
The document discusses the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) created by the United Nations in 2015. The 17 goals aim to eliminate poverty, hunger, disease, and climate change by 2030. Progress has already been made in reducing poverty, hunger, and disease in recent decades. The UNDP works with countries around the world to achieve the ambitious goals by 2030.
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Mormon rocks etiwanda preserve power pointlschmidt1170
The document provides information about a field trip to Mormon Rocks and the Etiwanda Preserve. It discusses how the Mormon Rocks were formed by the San Andreas Fault and named after Mormon settlers. It describes the geology of the San Andreas Fault and the granular structure of the Mormon Rocks. It then gives details about the vegetation and wildlife at the Etiwanda Preserve, which was established to preserve habitat, and impacts from the Grand Prix Fire that burned over 60,000 acres.
Mormon Rocks was formed by the folding of rock along the San Andreas Fault between the North American and Pacific tectonic plates. It is composed of cemented sedimentary rock like conglomerate and displays pockmarks on its surfaces caused by thermal expansion and erosion. The North Etiwanda Preserve protects rare Riversidian sage scrub habitat and endangered species. It was impacted by a 2003 wildfire but the vegetation has resiliently recovered, though ongoing threats from pollution and development loom.
The document summarizes information about Mormon Rocks and the North Etiwanda Preserve. Mormon Rocks were formed by compression along the San Andreas Fault and are composed of sandstone and granular structures. The preserve protects the endangered Riversidian Alluvial Sage Scrub habitat and other species. It also provides flood control and drinking water for the dry environment and its inhabitants.
This document summarizes California's four main geographic regions: the Coast, Desert, Central Valley, and Mountains. The Coast region spans 800 miles along the Pacific Ocean and contains beaches, coastal mountains, valleys for farming, and island chains. The Central Valley is one of the most productive agricultural regions due to its fertile soil. It grows crops like grapes, citrus, and wheat. The Desert region covers southeast California and contains extremely dry areas like Death Valley, but irrigation allows farming in valleys. The Mountain region includes the towering Sierra Nevada and Cascade ranges, containing peaks like Mt. Whitney and valleys such as Yosemite.
Here are the key details about the Catawba River Basin:
- Location: Located in the southwestern part of North Carolina in the piedmont region. The river originates in the mountains.
- Main River & Tributaries: The main river is the Catawba River. A large tributary is the South Fork Catawba River. Other tributaries include Jacob Fork and Johns River.
- Total Miles: The total miles of streams and rivers is approximately 224 miles.
- Size: The size of the river basin is 32,000 acres.
- Counties/Cities: Counties include Lincoln, Catawba, Iredell, and Mecklen
Here are the key details about the Catawba River Basin:
- Location: Located in the southwestern part of North Carolina in the piedmont region. The river originates in the mountains.
- Main River & Tributaries: The main river is the Catawba River. A large tributary is the South Fork Catawba River. Other tributaries include Jacob Fork and Johns River.
- Total Miles: The total miles of streams and rivers is approximately 224 miles.
- Size: The size of the river basin is 32,000 acres.
- Counties/Cities: Counties include Lincoln County. Cities include Lincolnton.
- Historical Facts:
The Mojave Desert spans 15,000 square miles across Southern California, Nevada, Arizona, and Utah. It sits at an elevation of 2,000 to 5,000 feet and was formed by volcanic activity and material deposited by the Colorado River, though it was once underwater. The desert is bordered by mountain ranges to the north and west and major fault systems to the west. Native peoples historically grew crops near the Colorado River's overflow. During the Gold Rush, over 250,000 people crossed the Mojave. The desert features geological areas like dry washes, salt pans, cliffs, and sand dunes. Though mostly dry, streams periodically flow and limit plant growth. Conservation efforts aim to protect the Mojave
California is a geographically diverse state with unique attributes that have contributed to its growth and development. It has varied topography ranging from rugged coastal mountains to fertile valleys. Its Mediterranean climate concentrates rainfall in winter months, creating a seasonal agricultural economy dependent on snowmelt and irrigation. The state's location on the Pacific coast exposed it to global influences that have made it one of the most ethnically diverse populations in the world.
California Geography Introduction with the California Atlascalgeopal
Introduction to California Geography presentation developed by the California Geographic Alliance (CGA) for use with the California Atlas. The original PowerPoint presentation is available for download from the calgeography.org website.
Very Cool Michigan High Adventures 05 (Scouts)Steve Lagreca
Exciting, adventurous campouts for Michigan Scouts, Venturers, and those who enjoy the outdoors.
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Includes descriptions, photos, areas of interest, and patches.
The document discusses the geography and history of Virginia. It describes the five geographic regions - Coastal Plain, Piedmont, Blue Ridge Mountains, Valley and Ridge, and Appalachian Plateau. It also discusses the Chesapeake Bay, major rivers including the James and York Rivers, Lake Drummond, and the Dismal Swamp. Finally, it provides information on Native American groups that lived in each region and settlements like Werowocomoco and Jamestown.
The Broad River basin originates in the mountains of western North Carolina and flows southeast through the foothills and Piedmont region into South Carolina, covering over 1,500 square miles. Major tributaries include the Green, First Broad, Second Broad, and North Pacolet rivers, and cities like Kings Mountain, Shelby, and Forest City obtain their water from the basin. The basin contains over 100,000 acres of public and private land home to rare plants and animals and is a popular area for hiking, tubing, and other outdoor recreation activities.
The Broad River Basin:
- Originates in the mountains of western North Carolina and flows southeast through the piedmont region.
- Contains over 100,000 acres of public and private land with rare plants and animals.
- Provides water to cities like Kings Mountain, Shelby, and Forest City across multiple counties.
The United States is the third largest country in the world, located in North America between Canada and Mexico. It has diverse terrain ranging from coastal plains to Appalachian Mountains to the western Rocky Mountains and Cascade Range. The climate and vegetation also vary significantly from tropical rainforests in Hawaii to deserts in the Southwest. Religiously, most Americans identify as Christian, with the largest denominations being Protestant and Catholic. Tourism is also a large industry, featuring popular destinations like New York City, Los Angeles, Disney World, and various national parks across the country known for their natural beauty.
The Sierra Nevada uplifts at a rate of 4 centimeters per 100 years due to the subduction of the Farallon Plate under the North American Plate. The Sierran Block forms the core of the Sierra Nevada and consists of granite, granodiorite, and diorite plutonic rocks. Yosemite Lakes Park's geology is dominated by the exfoliating granite dome of Revis Mountain, which stands at 2,162 feet and displays igneous intrusions. The region's hydrology is shaped by its Mediterranean climate, and Coarsegold Creek is a source of placer gold deposits.
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The Sierra Nevada uplift is estimated to occur at a rate of 4 centimeters every 100 years, due to the subduction of the Farallon Plate under the North American Plate in the past. The core of the Sierra Nevada mountain range is formed by the large Sierra Batholith, which contains plutonic rocks such as granite, granodiorite and diorite. Yosemite Lakes Park's geology is dominated by exfoliating granite domes, with its largest dome being Revis Mountain at 2,162 feet in elevation. The park's hydrology is shaped by its Mediterranean climate, with wet winters bringing significant rainfall that is an important source of water for California.
This document provides an overview of the biological, geographical, climatic, economic, demographic, cultural, and political diversity of California. It divides California into 10 distinct bioregions based on their unique assemblages of natural communities, including the Klamath/Cascade Coast Range, Modoc Volcanic Highlands, Sacramento Valley, Sierra Nevada Range, San Francisco Bay and Delta Estuary, San Joaquin Valley, Central Coast Range, Mojave Desert, South Coast Range, and Colorado Desert. The document notes that California's economy would rival powerful nations and discusses the impacts of climate change, including rising temperatures, more frequent heat waves, reduced snowpack in the Sierra Nevada, and increased flooding risks from more intense
The document discusses 18 conservation projects in California, providing photos and details about each project. The projects aim to conserve lands for wildlife and habitat and include expansions of existing conservation areas, new conservation easements, and public access improvements. Locations include counties like Riverside, San Diego, Yolo, and more.
The document summarizes geology fieldwork conducted in the San Bernardino Mountains. It describes the formation of the mountains due to tectonic plate movement along the San Andreas Fault. It details the local geology, including metamorphic and sedimentary rocks observed in Lytle Creek. Native plants, animals and trees of the area are also discussed, along with their fossil and evolutionary histories.
This document summarizes Jeanette Hernandez's geology field trips from October 6th and November 16-18th, 2012. It includes descriptions and images of Mormon Rocks, Cinder Hill Volcano, Fossil Falls, Mt. Whitney, the Inyo-White Mountains, an alluvial fan, Diaz Lake, the Lone Pine Fault, Manzanar, Mono Lake, Panum Crater, Convict Lake, Keoughs Hot Springs, the June Lake Loop, the Owens River, the Eastern California Museum, a solar power plant, Doppler radar tower, the Garlock Fault, desert vegetation including the Joshua tree and creosote, the California Aqueduct, and Owens Dry Lake.
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Denis haley catherine douglas geneaology 1793 to 1989lschmidt1170
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This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
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The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
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population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
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significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
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land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
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providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
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help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
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Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
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RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
North etiwanda preserve and mormon rocks
1. Mormon Rocks and North
Etiwanda Preserve Field Trip
Thursday November 18, 2010
Crafton Hills College
Physical Geography Lab Class
2. Meeting Time and Location
• Meet at the MacDonald's located at the 15
FWY and HWY 138, the address is:
– 3230 Wagon Train Road, Phelan, CA 92371
• The meeting time is 2 PM.
– From this location we will caravan into
Mormon Rocks.
– Driving directions have been posted on
Blackboard and on the class website.
3.
4. What is Required:
• You must bring a camera and a notebook.
• You are required to take pictures and you
will create a photo journal.
• A handout will be given when we meet
detailing what you will need to photograph.
5. • The following slides contain some
information about the places we will be
going.
• The last few slides are example photos so
you can see how you can highlight and
label items in your photos.
7. The San Andreas fault runs nearly 400 miles from
San Francisco out to the Salton Sea and Imperial
Valley of Southern California.
Along the legnth through the San Gabriel
Mountains, folding along the
fault has occurred between the North American
and Pacific Plates.
The result: interesting rock
formations between the Antelope Valley (14)
Freeway and the Cajon (15) Freeways along
Highway
138.
The Mormon Rocks, Devil's Punchbowl. and
Vasquez Rocks are all areas where underlying
sedimentary rocks have been pushed through
eroded soils from the San Gabriel Mountains to
reveal
themselves as very interesting and beautiful
formations of smooth and sloping rock formations.
San Andreas Fault
8. In 1851, Amasa Lymand and Charles Rich led a band of Mormon settlers from Salt Lake City across the
Mojave Desert. A smoother route (rather than the original Mojave Indian Trail) was needed to enter their
"Promised Land", the San Bernardino Valley.
For centuries, Native Americans had approached the mountains on foot and horseback along the
Mojave River from the north. They continued up Sawpit Canyon near Crestline, and entered the Valley
by Devil's Canyon behind the site of the present state college.
Early explorers, including Jedediah Smith, Ewing Young and Kit Carson traveled this route. But with the
gradual build-up of wheeled traffic as part of the young United States' westward expansion, "the box " or
"El Cajon " began to acquire its importance for generations of Americans.
9. The Union Pacific,
Southern Pacific and the
Santa Fe railroads, US
Highways 91, 395, 66
and 1-15, natural gas
and oil pipelines,
electrical power
transmission facilities,
and hydraulic facilities at
Lake Silverwood, have
made the Pass a virtual
lifeline for the huge
urban population of
Southern California.
Today, 50 freight trains and four passenger trains push through the Pass daily.
10. Pockmarked and weather-
worn though they appear,
the Mormon Rocks are a
series of cemented
sandstone beds much
more resistant to erosion
than the surrounding
gravel and silt sands.
Mormon Rocks is an area of sandstone
blocks exposed to the elements through
plate tectonics. Located along the San
Andreas Fault in the San Andreas Rift
Zone.
The formations are spread out for
some distance along Route 138 and
also onRoute 2, both roads leading
to the town of Wrightwood. This
area is one of the youngest and
most active geological regions in
North America.
11.
12. North Etiwanda Preserve
The North Etiwanda Preserve was established as a
habitat preservation area on February 10, 1998, when
the San Bernardino County Board of Supervisors
accepted mitigation land from San Bernardino
Associated Governments (SANBAG) for impacts related
to construction of the 210 Freeway.
The initial 762 acres acquired for the North Etiwanda
Preserve consisted primarily of a unique Riversidean
Alluvial Fan Sage Scurb plant community and was
purchased by SANBAG to be preserved as natural
habitat for impacts to the Costal California Gnatcatcher
and similar habitat consumed by the development of the
freeway. Ongoing conservation efforts have enabled
expansion of the Preserve to over 1200 acres.
13. ***POINTS OF INTEREST***
A. Remnants of Water
Delivery System
B. Native American Cultural
Site
C. Riparian Wetland
D. Early Settlers Ruin
E. Stone Terrace &
Shelterbelt
F. Antique Pumping Station
G. Water Gauging Station
H. Panoramic Viewing Area
I. Fresh Water Cienega
J. Earthquake Fault Zone
14. From the 210 Freeway
Exit Day Creek Boulevard in the City of Rancho Cucamonga and head north.
Proceed on Day Creek Blvd 2.2 miles until you reach Etiwanda Avenue.
Day Creek will veer east and end at Etiwanda Avenue.
Take Etiwanda Avenue north approximately .3 mile until the pavement ends.
Continue on dirt road approximately 600 feet to the designate gravel parking area.
Directions:
The North Etiwanda
Preserve is located at the
northern terminus of
Etiwanda Avenue in the
foothill
area above Rancho
Cucamonga.
15.
16. The Etiwanda Fan is home to a
number of endangered,
threatened, and sensitive
species that include, but are not
limited to, the Coastal California
Gnatcatcher, Southwestern
Willow Flycatcher, Least Bell’s
Vireo, San Bernardino Kangaroo
Rat, Bell’s Sage Sparrow,
Rufous-crowned Sparrow, San
Diego Horned Lizard, Los
Angeles Pocket Mouse,
Plummer’s Lily, and Mariposa
Lily.
California Sage
18. The Etiwanda Fan
The Etiwanda Fan is
located in the
southwest corner of
San Bernardino
County California in
the foothills of the San
Gabriel Mountains and
north of the City of
Rancho Cucamonga.
Although much of the
fan has been altered
by flood control
practices, sand
mining, and urban
development, large
areas of the Etiwanda
Fan are minimally
disturbed by human
activities.
North Etiwanda Preserve
19. Habitats on the Etiwanda Fan are composed of Oak Woodland, Chaparral, Coastal Sage
Scrub, Alluvial Fan Sage Scrub, White Alder/Willow Riparian, Sycamore/Oak Riparian,
and non-native grassland.
It is estimated that 75% to
90% of all Coastal Sage
Scrub habitats have been
extirpated from Southern
California and the Etiwanda
Fan is one of three
remaining expanses of
Alluvial Fan Sage Scrub.
Most imperiled of these is the Coastal Sage Scrub habitat and is sub-association of
Alluvial Fan Sage Scrub, which are state threatened and rare natural communities.
In addition, the Preserve
and surrounding lands also
contain significant amounts
of other rare and
threatened habitats that
include Sycamore Alluvial
Woodland, California
Walnut Woodland, and
Fresh Water Marsh.
20. COASTAL SAGE SCRUB
Coastal sage scrub is generally found on dry, rocky slopes of mountains and hillside
below 3,000 feet in elevation. On the Etiwanda Fan, coastal sage scrub is found on
the lower slopes. The Coastal Sage Scrub climate is characterized by annual rainfall
of 10-20 inches primarily falling during the winter, hot dry summers, and an 8-12
month growing season with 230-350 frost-free days. Coastal Sage Scrub vegetation
is less dense than chaparral and grows to 1-5 feet tall. Coastal Sage Scrub is a
drought-adapted community. Coastal Sage Scrub communities have fewer fire-
adapted plants than Chaparral and may take longer to recover after a fire. Indicator
species include California Sagebrush (Artemisia californica), White sage (Salvia
apiana), Black Sage (Salvia mellifera), California Buckwheat (Eriogonum
fasciculatum), Lemonadeberry (Rhus integrifolia), and California Brittlebush (Encelia
californica).
Coastal Sage Scrub at Torrey Pines State Park
This photo was taken at Torrey Pines,
notice the similarity between this area
and the one at the North Etiwanda Preserve.
21. Alluvial fan sage scrub is a sub-type of coastal
sage scrub found on the alluvial fans and flood
plains of the coastal side of the San Bernardino
and San Gabriel Mountains.
The climatic features of alluvial fan sage scrub
are similar to those for Coastal Sage Scrub, but
differ in the frequency and intensity of surface
flooding that occurs within the habitat. The soil
is a complex, unsorted structure of alluvium
composed of boulders, rocks and sands.
The vegetation is less dense than that of
coastal sage scrub when it occurs in river
channels where it is subject to frequent
flooding. The primary indicator plant for alluvial
fan sage scrub is Scale-broom (Lepidospartum
squamatum). Alluvial Fan Sage Scrub
Communities have been severely altered by
flood control activities that circumvent the
periodic flooding necessary to maintain the
habitat, leading to the gradual type conversion
of this unique community type. The State of
California considers Alluvial Fan Sage Scrub to
be a very threatened and rare natural
community.
All remaining significant expanses of
alluvial fan sage scrub habitats now
occur only in San Bernardino County,
specifically on the Etiwanda Fan, Lytle
Creek, Cajon Creek and the Santa Ana
River.
ALLUVIAL FAN SAGE SCRUB
22. RIPARIAN
Riparian communities are found along
side perennial (annual) or ephemeral
(seasonal) watercourses. On the
Etiwanda Fan, small remnants of
riparian are scattered on the upper
slopes and canyons.
The climate regime is the same as that for
the surrounding communities with the
exception of the moisture gradients afforded
by the presence of the watercourse.
Indicator species include Fremont
Cottonwood (Populus fremontii), Western
Sycamore (Platanus racemosa), a number
of willow species (Salix spp.), and Mule Fat
(Baccharis salicifolia). The largest tracts of
riparian in the North Etiwanda Preserve are
found within Day Canyon and Etiwanda
Creek. Over-story components in Day
Canyon and Etiwanda Creek vary and may
include White Alder (Alnus rhombifolia),
Canyon Live Oak (Quercus chrysolepis),
numerous willow species and Western
Sycamore. Under-story components
frequently consist of Poison Oak
(Toxicodendron diversilobum), California
Wild Grape (Vitis californica), shade tolerant
shrubs, ferns and non-native grasses.
23. FIRE
The wildfires of October 2003 burned nearly all of the
vegetation on the Etiwanda Fan. Not discounting the
tragic loss of life and property, the fire on the Preserve
and Etiwanda Fan is not the ecological disaster it
might appear to be. Biological systems are dynamic
and resilient. And, fire is a frequent and natural
component to many southern California ecosystems.
When left undisturbed after a major fire, the plant
and animal communities on the Preserve and
Etiwanda Fan will recover as they have always
done in the past. Plant recovery can come from
seed germination and crown sprouting. Many fire-
adapted plants will re-sprout after a fire from the
root crown at and below the soil surface. Re-
sprouting can be immediate and generally results
in the same pre-fire vegetative community.
When fire intensity is high,
root crowns may not survive
the intense heat. In these
instances, plant recovery
comes from the existing seeds
bank. In most fires, recovery
of the vegetative community
comes from both crown
sprouting and seed
germination. How long the
recovery of the vegetation
communities will take can be
highly variable and heavily
dependent on fire intensity,
amount of annual rainfall, the
timing of the annual rains, and
the absence of further large-
scale disturbances.
25. Water
Water diversions and flood control
change the alluvial scrub habitats
and have played a large part in the
destruction of this once abundant
but now rare habitat.
26. • The following slides have photos that have
been digitally highlighted to give you an
example of how to properly label your
photos.
27. These photos are examples of
some of the plant species in the
North Etiwanda Preserve.