Normalization is the process of structuring a database to minimize redundancy and dependency. It involves organizing tables and rows to ensure data is stored efficiently and without duplication. The goals of normalization are to ensure the database structure is optimal, maintain data consistency, and allow complex queries across different tables. Normalization typically involves at least three forms - first normal form removes repeating groups, second normal form removes partial dependencies, and third normal form removes transitive dependencies.

2. Normalization

3. NORMALIZATION
Database normalization is
the process to remove
redundant data
And make the data as
efficent as possible
inculding the elimination
of redundancy

4. Aims of normalization
1. Normalization ensures that the
datbase is sturctured in the best
possible way.
2. To ensure data consistency.
3. To allow in different tables can be
used in complex quries.

5. First normal form(1NF)
A table in its first normal
form if it contains no
repeating attributes of
groups or groups of
attributes

6. Non-normalized table
NUMBER NAME CLASSES
00231 SCORPIO
GEMINIE
BIO
MATHS
00232 VIRGO BIO
00233 LEO
PICES
BIO
MATHS

7. FIRST NORMAL FORM (1NF)
NUMBER NAME CASSES
00231 SCORPIO BIO
00231 GEMINIE MATHS
0232 VIRGO BIO
0233 LEO BIO
0233 PICES MATHS

8. SECOND NORMAL FORM (2NF)
A table is in its second normal form if
its in the 1st normal form and no
column that is no part of the primary
key id dependent only the portion of
primary key

9. A.#no name age Group
#
Group
city
superv
isor
skill
21 ALI 55 52 ISD BABR SYSTEM
35 DAUD 32 44 LHR GHAFOR TAX
50 ZAHID 40 44 LHR GHAFOR AUDIT
77 SALMA 53 53 ISD BABR SYSTEM
P
r
i
m
a
r
y
k
e
y

10. THIRD NORMAL FORM(3NF)
No non key field depend upon
another
All non key field only on depend
on the primary key.