In bioelectronic terms, the organism is understood as an integrated circuit of biological piezo, pyroelectrics, ferromagnets and semiconductors, filled with bioplasm and managed electronically by quantum processes. The presence of semiconductors in a biological system is synonymous with the presence of an electronic integrated device, therefore a living organism can be seen as a complex electronic device, analogous to technical devices.
Effects of electric field on histopathological study, electrical properties a...inventy
The present work was undertaken in order to investigate the effects of electric field (EF) of strength 50Hz-3KV/m on the histopathology, dielectric properties and liver function tests in albino rats. Fifty male albino rats were equally divided into three groups namely A, B, and C. Animals of group A used as control group which didn't receive any treatment . Animals of group B was divided into two subgroups namely B1 and B2 which were discretely exposed to 50HZ, 3KV/m electric field for a period of 15 day (8 hours/day, 5day/week). Group B2 animals were left to survive and housed at normal environmental conditions similar to control group A for a period of 15 day post exposed. Animals of group C are divided into two subgroups namely C1 and C2 were discretely exposed to the electric field for a period of 30 day (8 hours/day, 5day/week). Group C2 animals were left to survive and housed at normal environmental conditions similar to control group A for a period of 15 day post exposed. At the end of this period, blood and tissues samples were collected from all groups for experimental investigations. The dielectric constant (έ), electrical conductivity (σ) was measured in frequency range 42Hz-5MHz to investigate any changes in liver structure through studding histopathological examination. Also, the liver function was studied through analysis of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvie transaminase (GPT) and total protein (TP) after exposure to electric field this biochemical parameters have been evaluated in the blood serum of rats. The obtained results show high significant changes in the value of έ and σ of liver tissues for all groups exposed to EF as compared with control group. The levels of GOT and GPT were increased up to four times their values during the period of exposure to EF. These variations were recovered during two week after stopping exposure but they did not return to its original control values before exposure. On microscopic level; liver histological observations in liver cells which revealed some alterations including hepatic tissue with two portal tracts showing mild florous expansion and a dilated central vein, also ghosts of hepatocytes denoting necrotic changes also shows hepatic tissue with dilated central veins engorged with blood and splitting out to adjacent hepatocytes.
Effects of electric field on histopathological study, electrical properties a...inventy
The present work was undertaken in order to investigate the effects of electric field (EF) of strength 50Hz-3KV/m on the histopathology, dielectric properties and liver function tests in albino rats. Fifty male albino rats were equally divided into three groups namely A, B, and C. Animals of group A used as control group which didn't receive any treatment . Animals of group B was divided into two subgroups namely B1 and B2 which were discretely exposed to 50HZ, 3KV/m electric field for a period of 15 day (8 hours/day, 5day/week). Group B2 animals were left to survive and housed at normal environmental conditions similar to control group A for a period of 15 day post exposed. Animals of group C are divided into two subgroups namely C1 and C2 were discretely exposed to the electric field for a period of 30 day (8 hours/day, 5day/week). Group C2 animals were left to survive and housed at normal environmental conditions similar to control group A for a period of 15 day post exposed. At the end of this period, blood and tissues samples were collected from all groups for experimental investigations. The dielectric constant (έ), electrical conductivity (σ) was measured in frequency range 42Hz-5MHz to investigate any changes in liver structure through studding histopathological examination. Also, the liver function was studied through analysis of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvie transaminase (GPT) and total protein (TP) after exposure to electric field this biochemical parameters have been evaluated in the blood serum of rats. The obtained results show high significant changes in the value of έ and σ of liver tissues for all groups exposed to EF as compared with control group. The levels of GOT and GPT were increased up to four times their values during the period of exposure to EF. These variations were recovered during two week after stopping exposure but they did not return to its original control values before exposure. On microscopic level; liver histological observations in liver cells which revealed some alterations including hepatic tissue with two portal tracts showing mild florous expansion and a dilated central vein, also ghosts of hepatocytes denoting necrotic changes also shows hepatic tissue with dilated central veins engorged with blood and splitting out to adjacent hepatocytes.
Chapter 1 Cell Mechanics Principles, Practices, and Prospects1.docxcravennichole326
Chapter 1: Cell Mechanics: Principles, Practices, and Prospects
1. Motivation
Mechanical forces are normal physiological functions which are generated and sustained by biological cells. Cells are always active and are capable of detecting mechanical stimuli via mechanosensitive signaling pathways which are activated and in turn respond physical signals by reorganizing the cytoskeleton and generating the appropriate forces. Various cell mechanical properties such as viscosity, elasticity and adhesiveness are susceptible to change as a result of mutation and pathogen-induced cytoskeletal disruption. Conversely, cell behavior can be influenced by perturbations in the mechanical environment. Such transformations are indicative of various pathological states. As such, there are multitudes of hypothetical and experimental models which have been used to characterize the mechanical properties of cells, which are drawn from soft matter physics and mechanical engineering. Human knowledge of cell mechanics and its associated roles in the disease, physiology and development has been furthered by interdisciplinary studies which amalgamate research in contemporary molecular biology and advanced techniques for mechanical cellular characterization. Comment by Rashid, Bazlur: Please explain Comment by Rashid, Bazlur: define Comment by Rashid, Bazlur: grammar check: too many ‘which’
1.2 Cell Mechanics
Modern biomechanical research is at an intriguing stage whereby more is being discovered about the influence of mechanical cellular functions and characteristics both as a regulating factor and as a direct result of cellular architecture. Contemporary biomechanical research is aimed at combining the experimental, theoretical and computational approaches in order to develop an elaborate description of the mechanical behaviors of cells. This information can then be used to develop new perspectives on the correlation of cellular mechanics and disease, and the procedures which are used to pursue such research avenues are becoming increasingly complex. One of the greatest challenges facing such endeavors is the requirement for the reconciliation of physical and biological research, which requires a lot of expertise.
1.3 Physiological Forces
All living organisms need to interact with the physical forces that exist within their environments. This is one of the fundamental requirements for life and survival, and it is one of the main influencing factors of biological design. Various body parts in human beings are designed structurally to serve specific physiological functions in order to mitigate natural physical forces, such as the skeleton which poses a barrier to gravitational force. Even the most minor body functions are based on the generation of force, such as in breathing and exhaling for respiratory purposes. In recent times, biomechanical research has been focused on understanding this phenomenon at more basic organism and organ levels. New experimental techn ...
Morphofunctional Changes in the Thymus Gland under the Influence of Psychogen...YogeshIJTSRD
In the thymus of animals subjected to acute stress, a decrease in lymphoid tissue was found, accompanied by the death of lymphocytes in the cortex and medulla. Acute stress leads to the appearance in the thymus of a large number of degranulating mast cells and actively functioning epithelial tubules.Psychological stress has great impacts on the immune system, particularly the leukocytes distribution. Although the impacts of acute stress on blood leukocytes distribution are well studied, however, it remains unclear how chronic stress affects leukocytes distribution in peripheral circulation. Furthermore, there is no report about the role of spleen in the blood leukocytes distribution induced by stress. Here we show that spleen contributes to the alteration of restraint stress induced blood leukocytes distribution. Our data confirmed that restraint stress induced anxiety like behavior in mice. Furthermore, we found that restraint stress decreased the CD4 CD8 ratio and elevated the percentages of natural killer cells, monocytes and polymorphonuclear myeloid derived suppressor cell. We demonstrated that activation of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis HPA and sympathetic nervous system SNS contributes to restraint stress induced alteration of blood leukocyte distribution. Interestingly, we found that splenectomy could reverse the change of CD4 CD8 ratio induced by restraint stress. Together, our findings suggest that activation of HPA axis and SNS was responsible for the blood leukocyte subsets changes induced by restraint stress. Spleen, at least in part, contributed to the alteration in peripheral circulation induced by restraint stress. Asadova Nigora Khamroevna "Morphofunctional Changes in the Thymus Gland under the Influence of Psychogenic Factors" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | International Research Development and Scientific Excellence in Academic Life , March 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38735.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/38735/morphofunctional-changes-in-the-thymus-gland-under-the-influence-of-psychogenic-factors/asadova-nigora-khamroevna
Ulcerative Colitis with Aseptic Abscesses Controlled by Vedolizumab: A Case R...pateldrona
Aseptic abscesses (AAs) are neutrophilic infiltrative lesions that often coincide with systemic inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). According to recent literature, medical therapies in IBD with AAs include corticosteroid, immunosuppressants and anti-TNFα biologics.
Prevalence and Determinants of Distress Among Residents During COVID Crisispateldrona
Residents are predisposed to develop distress, burnout, and depression. With COVID-19, new stressful working conditions were imposed. This study aims to assess the impact of COVID-19 on residents’ wellbeing in France.
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Chapter 1 Cell Mechanics Principles, Practices, and Prospects1.docxcravennichole326
Chapter 1: Cell Mechanics: Principles, Practices, and Prospects
1. Motivation
Mechanical forces are normal physiological functions which are generated and sustained by biological cells. Cells are always active and are capable of detecting mechanical stimuli via mechanosensitive signaling pathways which are activated and in turn respond physical signals by reorganizing the cytoskeleton and generating the appropriate forces. Various cell mechanical properties such as viscosity, elasticity and adhesiveness are susceptible to change as a result of mutation and pathogen-induced cytoskeletal disruption. Conversely, cell behavior can be influenced by perturbations in the mechanical environment. Such transformations are indicative of various pathological states. As such, there are multitudes of hypothetical and experimental models which have been used to characterize the mechanical properties of cells, which are drawn from soft matter physics and mechanical engineering. Human knowledge of cell mechanics and its associated roles in the disease, physiology and development has been furthered by interdisciplinary studies which amalgamate research in contemporary molecular biology and advanced techniques for mechanical cellular characterization. Comment by Rashid, Bazlur: Please explain Comment by Rashid, Bazlur: define Comment by Rashid, Bazlur: grammar check: too many ‘which’
1.2 Cell Mechanics
Modern biomechanical research is at an intriguing stage whereby more is being discovered about the influence of mechanical cellular functions and characteristics both as a regulating factor and as a direct result of cellular architecture. Contemporary biomechanical research is aimed at combining the experimental, theoretical and computational approaches in order to develop an elaborate description of the mechanical behaviors of cells. This information can then be used to develop new perspectives on the correlation of cellular mechanics and disease, and the procedures which are used to pursue such research avenues are becoming increasingly complex. One of the greatest challenges facing such endeavors is the requirement for the reconciliation of physical and biological research, which requires a lot of expertise.
1.3 Physiological Forces
All living organisms need to interact with the physical forces that exist within their environments. This is one of the fundamental requirements for life and survival, and it is one of the main influencing factors of biological design. Various body parts in human beings are designed structurally to serve specific physiological functions in order to mitigate natural physical forces, such as the skeleton which poses a barrier to gravitational force. Even the most minor body functions are based on the generation of force, such as in breathing and exhaling for respiratory purposes. In recent times, biomechanical research has been focused on understanding this phenomenon at more basic organism and organ levels. New experimental techn ...
Morphofunctional Changes in the Thymus Gland under the Influence of Psychogen...YogeshIJTSRD
In the thymus of animals subjected to acute stress, a decrease in lymphoid tissue was found, accompanied by the death of lymphocytes in the cortex and medulla. Acute stress leads to the appearance in the thymus of a large number of degranulating mast cells and actively functioning epithelial tubules.Psychological stress has great impacts on the immune system, particularly the leukocytes distribution. Although the impacts of acute stress on blood leukocytes distribution are well studied, however, it remains unclear how chronic stress affects leukocytes distribution in peripheral circulation. Furthermore, there is no report about the role of spleen in the blood leukocytes distribution induced by stress. Here we show that spleen contributes to the alteration of restraint stress induced blood leukocytes distribution. Our data confirmed that restraint stress induced anxiety like behavior in mice. Furthermore, we found that restraint stress decreased the CD4 CD8 ratio and elevated the percentages of natural killer cells, monocytes and polymorphonuclear myeloid derived suppressor cell. We demonstrated that activation of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis HPA and sympathetic nervous system SNS contributes to restraint stress induced alteration of blood leukocyte distribution. Interestingly, we found that splenectomy could reverse the change of CD4 CD8 ratio induced by restraint stress. Together, our findings suggest that activation of HPA axis and SNS was responsible for the blood leukocyte subsets changes induced by restraint stress. Spleen, at least in part, contributed to the alteration in peripheral circulation induced by restraint stress. Asadova Nigora Khamroevna "Morphofunctional Changes in the Thymus Gland under the Influence of Psychogenic Factors" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | International Research Development and Scientific Excellence in Academic Life , March 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38735.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/38735/morphofunctional-changes-in-the-thymus-gland-under-the-influence-of-psychogenic-factors/asadova-nigora-khamroevna
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Benzodiazepines use in the elderly are associated with morbidity including increased falls, fractures, and mortality. The common reason for re-prescribing benzodiazepine by physicians is dependency. Our project proposal aims to enhance medication safety in the elderly. It requires a multidisciplinary approach and patient-centred care focusing on benzodiazepine deprescribing using the 3Es model of Educating, Empowering, and Engaging. The education starts with patients, providers, and the community about benzodiazepine adverse effects on the elderly and provides alternative approaches for symptoms management.
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Syringoma is a benign eccrine sweat gland tumor affecting mostly females at puberty projected with multiple soft papules usually 1-2 mm in diameter. During puberty, syringoma appears among females; it is presented as multiple soft papules, 1-2 mm in diameter, as a benign eccrine sweat gland tumor. The sites of predilection are lower eyelids, and cheeks. The regions of tendency are cheeks and lower eyelids. Syringoma of the vulvar is a rare disorder few cases of which have been reported in literature.
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Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
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Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
2. tric crystals are also piezoelectrics [13].
Any mechanical deformation of a pyroelectric body changes its
dipole moment and produces a piezoelectric effect. In pyroelectric
crystals, the opposite phenomenon may also occur, which is the
electrocaloric effect, consisting in the change of the pyroelectric
temperature under the influence of the electric field [22].
In 1966. Lang proved that collagen fibers exhibit pyroelectric
properties [24]. Athenstaedt proved that teeth, bones, tendons,
collagen fibers and keratin exhibit pyroelectric and piezoelectric
properties [7].
Any change in temperature causes a change in the length of the py-
roelectric body and changes its elementary dipole moments (this is
the pyroelectric effect). In the same way, any mechanical deforma-
tion of a pyroelectric body causes a change in its dipole moment (it
is a piezoelectric effect) [8].
The pyroelectric effect has been proven on the entire body surface
of living animals and plants and is not limited to certain areas of
the body surface, such as at the sensory receptor, where the skin in
different areas has a different kind of feeling [9].
In 1974, Liboff and Furst confirmed the pyroelectric effect in col-
lagen and believe that it is responsible for the formation of protein
structures [26].
Pyroelectric properties play an important role in thermoreception
[14]. In biological cells, pyroelectricity and piezoelectricity play an
important role in maintaining morphological polarity in the polar
processes of cell division in mitosis and meiosis, in enzymatic and
cellular communication. This field integrates the whole organism,
regulates metabolic processes and directs the organism's growth. It
records a perceptual impression not only in the brain, but also in
the entire body, wherever there is protein, DNA, RNA [35].
The change in light intensity also causes the pyroelectric phenom-
enon, because light absorption causes temperature changes in py-
roelectric bodies [6].
4. Ferroelectricity of Biological Structures
Ferroelectrics are bodies in which spontaneous polarization occurs
in a certain temperature range in the absence of an external electric
field. The direction of spontaneous polarization can be changed
by the action of an external electric field and by external pressure.
Ferroelectrics under the influence of an external electric field un-
dergo deformation which is proportional to the square of the field
strength. This phenomenon is called electrostriction. All ferroelec-
trics, apart from electrostriction, show a piezoelectric effect [23].
In pyroelectrics, spontaneous polarization exists over the entire
temperature range, up to the melting point. Ferroelectrics are a
special case of pyroelectrics in which spontaneous polarization
also occurs, but only over a certain temperature range. Research
has shown that many biostructures have ferroelectric properties
[28].
5. Action of Enzymes Based on Piezoelectricity and Py-
roelectricity
Our immune system cannot function without enzymes. Their job
is to attack pathogens, remove toxins, and instantly utilize large
numbers of used cells that are a potential source of poisons. En-
zymes participate in the construction of all tissues, without en-
zymes blood production would be impossible [32].
Enzymes are necessary for the digestion of food, the release of
vitamins, ingredients minerals and amino acids. Enzymes absorb
the electric field energy needed for their work and communication
[36].
Some enzymes are involved in the copying and expression of ge-
netic information, they do it with a very high precision, show the
ability to "correct". Modern enzymological diagnostics is based
on the assumption that damage to an organ causes damage to cell
structures or changes in the permeability of cell membranes. Dam-
age to the membranes causes the escape of enzymes from cells,
thus increasing their amount in body fluids and excretions, such
as: blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, exuding and exuding fluids,
gastric juice or duodenum [27].
In viral and bacterial diseases, the activity and invasiveness of
pathogens often depends on their activity or the host enzyme. The
appropriate presence of selenium in the human biological system
does not allow for mutations and is at the same time an essential
element of the body's defense against influenza and other virus-
es. Fish, crustaceans, garlic, Brazil nuts and mushrooms are rich
sources of selenium [25].
Enzyme drugs must be introduced to fight the coronavirus. In de-
fense against cancer and viruses, enzymes are very important. This
is supported by the fact that the coronavirus attacks the elderly
more often, when the body produces fewer and fewer enzymes and
they are less active. Civilization diet poor in enzymes and coen-
zymes sufficiently weakens the body and its defense mechanisms.
A wholesome diet rich in salads and high melanin content, rich in
enzymes and coenzymes effectively protects against coronavirus
and other diseases [27].
6. Action of Melanin in Fighting COVID 19
Melanin and neuromelanin play an important role in the fight
against COVID 19 and are responsible for the central control of all
biological, physiological and psychological processes. Raspberry
is a sticky molecule. Bacteria, fungi and viruses are stuck together
by it and stop multiplying [29]. Melanin synthesis occurs under
the influence of light, an electric field and thermal energy. In fall
and winter, when the night is longer than the day, when the day
is gloomy and there is no sun, melanin flows out of the human
body and melatonin replaces melanin, changing life expectancy
and the aging process. Melanin resources in the biological system
are regulated by the sun and movement in summer, in autumn and
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3. winter there is less melanin, so it should be supplemented with
a wide range of exercise, such as gymnastic exercises, walking,
cycling, running, mountain hiking, dancing, music, etc. Movement
is needed, because bone structures are piezoelectrics which, when
influenced by movement, trigger an electric field that is needed for
melanin synthesis. Melanin synthesis takes place not only by light
path but also by piezoelectric or pyroelectric polarization [1].
Apart from exercise, the diet should include vegetables and fruits
that contain a large amount of melanin, such as dark fruits - choke-
berry, blueberry, cherry, cherry, elderberry, grapes, cranberry,
blackberry, mountain ash, blueberry etc. [5].
Garlic, ginger, horseradish are effective in destroying the corona-
virus. Children have greater amounts of melanin in the body than
the elderly, so their incidence of COVID 19 is very low. High
susceptibility to catching COVID 19 occurs in children who have
complications with chronic diseases of the throat, lungs, or are in
the process of treating other diseases. Sunbathing and sunbathing
have a significant impact on the growth of melanin in the human
biological system. Research has shown that fair-skinned people
are more prone to catching COVID 19 than dark-skinned individ-
uals [21].
Failure to use the sun leads to the development of a pandemic, it
can be seen among miners.
7. The Role of Bose-Einstein Condensate in Limiting the
Development of COVID 19
According to Jibu and Yasue, Bose-Einstein condensates are locat-
ed inside and outside of the neuronal membrane and can combine
to form the so-called Josephson anastomosis. The potentials of the
biological membrane of the cell induce self-excited oscillations
and stimulate the Josephson junction to produce solitons along the
biological membrane. Soliton waves retain their form over long
distances and can propagate to macroscopic dimensions, which
may turn out that cellular conductivity transmits information via
the ion and soliton route [20]. Pouget and Maugina showed the
action of solitons in ferroelectrics, along with electroacoustic in-
teraction which is conditioned by the piezoelectric effect and elec-
trostriction. The movement of solitons is influenced by the density
and thickness of the biological membrane in the cell, as it deter-
mines the size of the piezoelectric effect from which the electric
field flows, interacting with solitons [33, 34].
Solitons are formed in nonlinear optical centers and in Bose-Ein-
stein concentrates. Strong laser waves, degree of nonlinearity, and
high concentration of atoms in Bose-Einstein condensates have an
influence on the formation of multidimensional solitons. Current-
ly, the highest degree of non-linearity is achieved by organic sub-
stances in which electrons have the ability to travel long distances
[11].
Soliton is a solitary wave of unchanging shape, located in time and
space. It reaches a constant value at infinity, it can interact with
other solitons, but after a collision it remains unchanged, only a
phase shift occurs. In the Bose-Einstein condensate, quantum pro-
cesses show a high order and a high degree of unity. This means
that the entire object has one constant phase. More figuratively
speaking, one human's biological system synchronizes with an-
other organism and operates in a single phase, which is about the
common biological field for both organisms. A strong common
idea, thought, and attention influences the formation of solitons
through Bose-Einstin condensate, which trigger one phase of the
biological field of bioplasma, eliminating the effect of COVIDA19
[4].
If you want to be in a group, choose one with deep prayer or med-
itation as they create a Bose-Einstein condensate that creates a
common biological field for the whole group. The author's study
shows that high religiosity in individual groups or church parishes
is a low rate of coronavirus infections.
8. COVID 19 Does Not Like Jumps in Temperature Dif-
ference
The jump in the temperature difference for a biological system
is related to the change in the electric field in pyroelectrics and
ferroelectrics. The change in temperature causes an electric field
to be different for the host cell and for the coronavirus. The differ-
ence in the electric field informs the biological cell that there is a
foreign body on its surface, which operates in a different informa-
tion and management system than the host organism. This differ-
ence in electric field stimulates the body to produce enzymes that
destroy the coronavirus. Methods of applying temperature jumps
and piezoelectric actions - Temperature jump during bathing. We
run hot water and suddenly cold water. We do it on alternating. -
Water showers, known as Scottish showers. Scottish shower is a
procedure that stimulates the body with jets of water with variable
pressure and temperature. These strong stimuli stimulate circula-
tion and help fight COVID 19. Consult a doctor before performing
the treatment, as water jets have many contraindications. - Finnish
sauna or dry sauna. The air temperature in it reaches from 60 to
110 degrees Celsius while maintaining the humidity at the level of
5-15%. The very high temperature in the dry sauna makes sauna
users more likely to use its steam version, which is slightly cooler.
Regular visits to a dry sauna can bring us many benefits. Staying
in a dry sauna cleanses the body of toxins. It is also a good method
to relax and unwind. relieving the tension resulting from stress
and removing the coronavirus from the body. Coronavirus does
not develop when air circulation is present. We ventilate the air
with fans. We try to ventilate our apartments frequently. In shops
and in various institutions there should be hot and cold air blowers
for ventilating the rooms [5].
COVID 19 dies at 65 degrees Celsius - we organize bonfire meet-
ings. We do games for children and teenagers, and the elderly by
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Volume 5 Issue 10-2021 Research Article
4. the fire. The temperature around the fire is from 100 - 800 degrees
C and more. This temperature reduces the overall viability of the
coronavirus throughout the human body and disinfects clothes.
There is no possibility of a droplet infection with coronavirus, be-
cause such high temperature will destroy it immediately. In villag-
es we burn fires in natural conditions, again in cities there should
be a basket with a fire on the streets, or devices emitting high tem-
perature, so that a person can stay for 2 or 5 minutes and warm the
body, while disinfecting his clothes and body.
9. Highly Alkaline Products in Combating COVID 19
The pH of the coronavirus ranges from 5.5 to 8.5, to eliminate the
coronavirus, you should eat more alkaline food. Strongly alkaline
products from 8.5 to 9.0 Lettuce, pineapple, watermelon, beetroot,
zucchini, lemons, grapefruit, kiwi, cucumber, papaya, rhubarb, rai-
sins, dried figs and apricots, spinach, seaweed, potatoes, alkaline
water. Alkaline products from 7.5 to 8.5 Onions, garlic, horserad-
ish, and apples. Blueberry, carrot, cauliflower, mandarins, natural
milk, parsley, celery, tomatoes, orange, mushrooms, fresh ginger,
strawberries, grapes, gooseberries, bananas, beans. Human saliva
has a pH of 6.5 to 74, and blood has a pH of 7.35 to 7.45. [32].
Zinc deficiency is manifested primarily by reduced immunity. If
you have a frequent cold, it is very possible that it is due to a lack
of zinc in your body. The coronavirus likes to attack the biological
membranes of the sense of taste and smell, leading to impaired
sense functions. This is due to the lack of zinc in the body. Zinc
resources in vegetables: - tomato - 11 units of calculation, parsley
- 13, cabbage - 16, cocoa - 17, beans - 23, wild rice - 38, linseed
- 28, sesame - 29, wheat germ -31. pumpkin seeds - 33, chante-
relles - 36, mushrooms - 36, adzuki beans - 36, oyster mushrooms
- 48. Fish, crustaceans, garlic, Brazil nuts and mushrooms are rich
sources of selenium [25].
Garlic, ginger, horseradish are effective in destroying the corona-
virus.
10. Apiculture Products are a Valuable Remedy for the
Coronavirus
Propolis, royal jelly contains large amounts of enzymes, pollen,
honey, but also tinctures and larch juice, as well as fruits and veg-
etables containing large amounts of melanin. At every stage of the
disease, the patient should be in motion, use active body massage.
Artificial respiration should be used because it activates the alve-
oli, which, as mechanoreceptors, polarize the protein structures in
the alveoli and release the electric field that directs the respiration
process. We use a mixture of honey (linden, honeydew, buckwheat
- honey of your choice) with propolis, flower pollen or royal jelly,
and amber tincture. Grind the pollen in a mortar to reach the nu-
cleus as the most valuable protein is there. We put a dozen or so
drops of propolis per tablespoon of honey and amber tincture [5].
11. Pine Syrup Plays an Important Role in the Treatment
of Coronavirus
In laboratory conditions, it has a strong antibacterial, antifungal
and antiviral effect. Pine oil and syrup have an expectorant effect
and dissolve phlegm, being a natural support in infections of the
upper respiratory tract with runny nose and cough. In combination
with eucalyptus oil, it perfectly unplugs a blocked nose. Terpineol,
which is a terpene, has been found in the flowers of pine, elder-
berry, eucalyptus and linden. It has anti-inflammatory, analgesic,
antifungal, antiviral and antioxidant properties, it is able to relax
smooth muscles, which makes it a valuable remedy for asthma
[10].
Alpha-pinene is responsible for the aroma of fresh pine needles,
conifers and sage. Juniper berries are also a source of alpha pinene.
It is also produced by many herbs such as parsley, rosemary, basil,
and dill. It is the most common terpene in nature Amber, i.e. the
resin of some pine species that have been fossilized for centuries.
It is believed that spirit tincture on amber strengthens immunity,
alleviates the symptoms of colds, runny nose, fever, as well as
rheumatic and muscle pain [31]. Ginger has been used for cen-
turies as a remedy for colds and runny nose. The chemical com-
pounds of ginger increase the body's resistance - we get sick less
often. Ginger perfectly cleans the microcirculation system, includ-
ing the sinuses, which can be felt during colds and flu. Ginger root
is anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antibacterial. Powdered ginger
has no such effect. Ginger also has warming properties, which is
crucial in colds, as it supports the natural cleansing of the body
through sweating [30].
We come into contact with nature a lot, we don't wear masks, only
in situations that force us to do so. Face masks are a contributing
factor to the pandemic.
Figure 2,3,4 shows the worker behind a counter with a mask. Fig.
2. Employee when starting work Fig. 3. employee after 3 hours of
work Fig. 4. employee after 6 hours of work. Such an employee
touches the face mask during work, our food products and there is
a social development of the pandemic. In addition, there is emphy-
sema, who will treat it after the epidemic. • Place the purchased
food products in an electric oven at temperature for 1-3 minutes
100 degrees C. Coronavirus dies at 65 degrees. School children,
soldiers and students should not wear face masks. In schools, stu-
dents create a common biological field phase for the entire build-
ing that protects against COVID 19. Diagnosing patients with Kir-
lian photography - this camera records biological electrostasis and
can be a test to diagnose coronavirus in patients. It is known in
science and may be useful in medicine. Duration of contamination
of objects and surfaces, the study showed that SARS-CoV-2 can
be found on plastic up to 2-3 days, stainless steel up to 2-3 days,
cardboard up to 1 day, copper up to 4 hours. In addition, contam-
ination appears to be greater in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) than
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Volume 5 Issue 10-2021 Research Article
5. in general departments, and SARS-Cov-2 can be found on floors,
computer mice, trash cans, and patient rails, as well as in the air at
distances up to 4 meters from patients [10].
Figure.1
Figure.2
Figure.3
Figure.4
12. Conclusions
The focus should be on the development of new health and nutri-
tion programs, methods of recreation, sports, recreation, organiza-
tion of cultural and educational events in the information environ-
ment. Prevention of pathological mechanisms of human behavior
during a pandemic. Prevention of mental disorders resulting from
a pandemic. Development of treatment programs with bee prod-
ucts and herbal medicine WHO and other organizations have made
the following general recommendations:
• Avoid close contact with people suffering from acute respiratory
infections.
• Wash your hands often, especially after coming into contact with
infected people or their environment. • Avoid unprotected contact
with farmed or wild animals.
• People with symptoms of acute respiratory infection should keep
their distance, cover their face when coughing or sneezing, and
wash their hands.
• Strengthening, especially in emergency departments, the appli-
cation of stringent hygiene measures to prevent and control infec-
tions.
• Immuno compromised people should avoid public gatherings.
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