Nonverbal communication such as facial expressions, gestures, eye contact, and posture can have different meanings and social conventions across cultures. For example, in China smiling can indicate sadness rather than happiness and winking is avoided. Nodding has different meanings depending on the culture - in Canada it means yes while in Bulgaria it means no. Touching is viewed as a sign of confidence in Russia but permission is required first in Japan. Maintaining appropriate eye contact, distance, and posture are also culture-specific, for example direct eye contact is discouraged in the Middle East and Asia while it is important in Latin America. Being aware of these nonverbal communication norms can prevent embarrassment and issues when interacting with other cultures.