Jibachha Textbook of Introduction to Animal production and Management Part-I is especially for diploma level I Sc Ag animal science students based on new syllabus of CTEVT.

1. Jibachha Textbook of Introduction to Animal Production and Management - I
JibachhaVeterinaryHospitalResearch&TrainingCenter(P.)Ltd.
Bharatpur-4, Narayangarh, Chitwan, Nepal
E-mail: vhrtc@yahoo.com, Tel: +977-56-493726
Jibachha Publishing
(Veterinary Publisher and Distributors)
Bharatpur-4, Narayangarh, Chitwan, Nepal
E-mail: jibachhashah@gmail.com, Tel: +977-56-493726
Jibachha's Textbook of
Introduction to Animal Production and
Management Part-I
(Ruminants: Cattle, Buffalo, Yak, Sheep & Goat)
(Based on SEE, Grade XI & Diploma Level New syllabus 2021)
Dr. Jibachha Sah
B.V.Sc & A.H., M.V.Sc (T.U.)
Laboratory Training, NDDB, Gujarat, India
Master in Veterinary Homeopathy Medicine
Dr. Prabhakar Kumar Shah
B.V.Sc & A.H. (P.U.), M.V.Sc (Medicine, AFU)
Director
Dr. Jyoti Kumari Sah
B.V.Sc. & A.H. (T.U.) M.Sc. (Scholar)
Consultant Veterinary Physician
Jibachha's Veterinary Hospital (P) Ltd.
Sanepa-2, Jhamsikhel, Lalitpur
i

2. Jibachha Textbook of Introduction to Animal Production and Management - I
Jibachha's Textbook of
Introduction to Animal Production and Management Part-I
(Ruminants: Cattle, Buffalo, Yak, Sheep & Goat)
Edited by: Dr. Jibachha Sah, Dr. Prabhakar Kumar Shah and Dr. Jyoti
Kumari Sah
Copyright@ 30 March, 2023, Jibachha publishing.
All right reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, store
in retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior
written permission of the publisher.
Published by Jibachha's Publishing
Bharatpur-4, Lankupul, Narayangarh, Chitwan, Nepal.
E-mail: jibachhashah@gmail.com
ISBN: 978-9937-727-07-5
Price: Rs. 1150 /-
Press : Siddhababa Press Pvt. Ltd.
Hakimchowk, Chitwan
Contact: 9855050040
Copyright material
ii

3. Jibachha Textbook of Introduction to Animal Production and Management - I iii
ABBREVIATION
A. I. - Artificial insemination
AGRC - Animal genetic resource conservation
BVD - Bovine viral diarrhoea
COPD - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
DCP - Digestive crude protein
DM - Dry matter
EBV - Estimated breeding value
eCG - Equine chorionic gonadotropin
FSH - Follicle stimulating hormone
GDP - Gross domestic products
GNC - Ground nut cake
GnRH - Gonadotropin releasing hormone
IBR - Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
LH - Luteinizing hormone
PPR - Peste des petits ruminant
TDN - Total digestive nutrient
TMR - Total mix ration
Abbreviation

4. Jibachha Textbook of Introduction to Animal Production and Management - I
iv
Dr. Prabhakar Kumar Shah
B.V.Sc & A.H. (P.U.), M.V.Sc (Medicine, AFU)
Dr. Jyoti Kumari Sah
B.V.Sc. & A.H. (T.U.), MSc. (Scholar)
Dr. Jibachha Sah
B.V.Sc & A.H., M.V.Sc (T.U.)
Preface
PREFACE
"Jibachha's Textbook of Introduction to Animal Production and
Management Part-I" is edited by Dr. Jibachha Sah (M.V.Sc), Dr.
Prabhakar Kumar Shah (M.V.Sc. Vet. Med) and Dr. Jyoti Kumari Sah
(B.V.Sc & A.H.) M.Sc. Scholar with sales of their previous 40 books.
This book is designed for SEE, Grade XI, and diploma level CTEVT
students of veterinary science. The content of this book is based on the
CTEVT syllabus on animal production and management. The first section
includes all the theory topics: introduction to ruminants, breeding and
artificial insemination, housing management, selection of farm animals,
farm operation, and basic anatomy and physiology of animals, including
the mechanism of large ruminant reproduction.
The second part of this book is based on practical sessions, which
include practical knowledge on the identification of animal breeds; body
weight calculation; ration formulation; drenching practice; treatment of
external and internal parasites; dehorning and castration, body scoring,
farm operation and identification of external and internal body parts of
the animal.
In the series of our 40 books on the veterinary clinical field, this book is
purely a syllabus-based book that is written with authentic textbooks and
references. This book is designed especially for the veterinary students
of technical education in an easy, concise, understandable manner and
with a quick reference. During the time of preparation, past examination
papers were highly considered, which will enable us to achieve excellent
scores in the examination.
The authors' extensive experience in publishing veterinary books for
students and coordinating animal health was heavily weighted in the
preparation of this course book; a serious student will thus find the book
user-friendly and easy to read and understand. We strongly believe that
"Jibachha's Textbook of Introduction to Animal Production and
Management Part-I" adequately meets the needs of veterinary students
and teachers.

5. Jibachha Textbook of Introduction to Animal Production and Management - I
CONTENTS
Abbreviation
Preface
UNIT 1
Introduction to ruminant
Contents
v
1.1 Common terminologies related to ruminant production 2
1.2 Zoological classification of cattle, buffalo, sheep,
goat and yak
4
1.3 Scope, importance & challenges of ruminants
farming in Nepal
6
1.3.1 Scope of large ruminant farming 6
1.3.2 Scope of small ruminant farming 6
1.3.3 Importance of large ruminant farming 7
1.3.4 Importance of small ruminant farming 7
1.3.5 Challenge of large ruminant farming 7
1.3.6 Challenge of small ruminant farming 8
1.4 Ruminants population, distribution and its
contribution to GDP
8
1.5 Inter-relationship of a ruminant with branches of
agriculture
9
1.5.1 Animal Husbandry 9
1.5.2 Types of Livestock Farming 9
1.6 Difference between ruminants & non-ruminants 11

6. Jibachha Textbook of Introduction to Animal Production and Management - I
vi
Index
2.1 Indigenous breed of Cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat and yak 16
2.1.1 Nepalese indigenous cattle breeds 16
2.1.2 Nepalese indigenous buffaloes breed 20
2.1.3 Nepalese indigenous goat breeds 22
2.1.4 Nepalese indigenous sheep breeds 24
2.1.5 Yak 27
2.2 Exotic breeds of Cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat and
yak commonly found in Nepal
28
2.2.1 Exotic cattle breed 28
2.2.2 Exotic buffalo breed 30
2.2.3 Exotic sheep breed 34
2.2.4 Exotic goat breeds 37
2.3 National breeding policy of ruminants 41
UNIT 2
Breeds of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat and yak
UNIT 3
Feeding Management
3.1 Importance of roughages in ruminant production 46
3.2 Feeding of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat and yak 47
3.3 Fodder/forage-based farming for profitability 48
3.4 Ration formulation and feeding for different age groups 49
3.5 TMR: definition, uses & preparation 53
3.6 Fodder calendar for year round supply of green forage 55
3.7 Cultivation practices of common legume & non-
legume forage
56

7. Jibachha Textbook of Introduction to Animal Production and Management - I
Index
vii
UNIT 4
Breeding & Artificial Insemination
UNIT 5
Housing management
4.1 Definition,usesandrecentadvancementofanimalbreeding 62
4.2 System of breeding 62
4.3 Methods of selection 65
4.4 Mechanism of reproduction 68
4.5 Hormones & their roles in reproduction 69
4.6 The sexual cycle, heat detection methods 70
4.7 Artificial insemination: definition, importance &
challenges
73
4.7.1 Technique of AI 74
4.8 Rectal palpation method for pregnancy diagnosis 76
4.8.1 Equipment necessary for palpation 76
4.8.2 The reproductive system and palpation 76
4.8.3 Biological and chemical methods of
pregnancy diagnosis
80
5.1 Housing for ruminant species 86
5.2 Small (less than 50), Medium (50-100), Large
Scale (More than 100 Milking Cows)
88
5.3 Tie stall & loose housing system 89
5.4 Space Requirement for different age and stage
groups of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat and yak
90
5.5 Low-cost housing using locally available materials 90

8. Jibachha Textbook of Introduction to Animal Production and Management - I
Index
viii
5.6 Site selection for sheep and goat farm 91
5.7 Designs for sheep and goat house 91
5.7.1 Definition of housing 91
5.8 Housing requirements of sheep and goats 97
5.9 Factor affecting site selection 98
5.10 Space requirement for store room, shearing pen etc. 98
5.11 Requisites for goat housing construction 99
UNIT 6
General farm management
6.1 Care & management of pregnant & lactating animals 104
6.1.1 Care of Pregnant Animals 104
6.1.2 Care of lactating female 105
6.2 Care & management of newly born calf 106
6.2.1 Care of newly born calf 106
6.2.1 Care of heifer 108
6.3 Rearing of draft animals and breeding bulls 109
6.3.1 Care and management of bullock 109
6.3.2 Care of mature bulls 110
6.4 Care of disease and sick animal 112
6.5 Sanitation of dairy barn & equipment 113
6.6 Identification: Importance & Methods used 115
6.7 Drenching: Uses, Importance & Methods 119

9. Jibachha Textbook of Introduction to Animal Production and Management - I
Index
ix
UNIT 7
Healthcare Management
7.1 Common infectious diseases of cattle, buffalo,
sheep, goat and yak
123
1. Anthrax 123
2. Black quarter (Black-leg) 124
3. Foot and mouth disease 124
4. Rabies (Mad dog disease) 125
5. Blue tongue 126
6. Pox 127
7. Brucellosis of sheep 127
8. Tetanus 128
9. Listeriosis 128
10. Vibriosis (Campylobactor abortion) 129
11. Johne's disease 130
12. Bovine ephemeral fever (Three days sickness) 130
13. Rinderpest 131
14. Mastitis 132
15. Foot rot 132
16. PPR (Goat plague) 133
17. Bovine babesiosis (Tick fever) 133
7.2 Common non-infectious diseases of cattle, buffalo,
sheep, goat and yak
134
1. Milk fever 134
2. Ketosis 135
3. Hypomagnesaemic tetany 136
7.3 Vaccination for disease control 136

10. Jibachha Textbook of Introduction to Animal Production and Management - I
Index
x
8.1 Selection for different purpose 140
8.1.1 Selection in cattle 140
8.1.2 Selection in sheep 140
8.1.3 Selection in Goats 140
8.2 Body Condition Scoring 140
8.3 Record keeping in commercial dairy farm 142
8.3.1 Types of dairy farm records and record keeping 142
8.4 Cost of Production of milk 145
8.5 Economics of dairy farming 150
UNIT 8
Selection and economics of cattle, buffalo, sheep,
goat and yak farming
UNIT 9
Routine Farm Operation
9.1 De- budding, Dehorning, Docking 157
9.1.1 De-budding & Dehorning 157
9. 2 Docking 162
9.3 Castration: Importance & Methods 162
9.4 Farm Record Keeping 165
9.5 Body weight calculation for different farm animals 167
9.6 Ageing by dentition 169
9.7 Shearing 171

11. Jibachha Textbook of Introduction to Animal Production and Management - I
Index
xi
UNIT 10
Basic Anatomy and Physiology of Animals
UNIT 11
Mechanism of Large Ruminant Reproduction
UNIT 12
Routine Dairy Farm Operation
10.1 The term anatomy 175
10.2 The external part of cow 176
10.3 Organs 178
10.4 The digestive organs of ruminants 178
10.5 Animal blood: function of blood and components
of blood
181
10.5.1 Blood 181
10.5.2 Components of blood 182
11.1 Male reproductive organs and their functions 188
11.2 Female reproductive organs and their function 190
11.3 Basic concept of animal genetic resource
conservation (AGRC)
191
12.1 Handling, transporting, restraining and casting
of cattle, and buffaloes
195
12.1.1 Handling of cattle and buffalo 195
12.1.2 Transporting of cattle and buffaloes 196
12.1.3 Restraining of cattle and buffaloes 197
12.1.4 Casting of cattle and buffaloes 201
12.1.5 Grooming 203

12. Jibachha Textbook of Introduction to Animal Production and Management - I
Index
xii
UNIT 13
Maintenance of Animal Health
1. Identification of indigenous breeds of cattle, buffalo,
sheep, goat and yak
219
2. Identification of exotic breeds of cattle, buffalo,
sheep, goat and yak
220
3. Tagging of farm animals 224
4. Disbudding on newly born calf 228
5. Live body weight calculation using formula in cow 229
6. Ration formulation for different age group 231
7. TMR preparation for milking animal 241
8. Drenching practices 244
9. Treatment for ectoparasite 246
10. Castration practices in cattle and goat 249
11. Shearing of sheep 256
12. Body scoring 258
13.1 Sign of ill health and cause of diseases 209
13.1.1 Sign of ill health in cattle and buffalo 209
13.1.2 Cause of diseases 209
13.1.3 Types of diseases; based on duration,
cause and system affected
210
13.1.4 Types of disease system affected 211
13.1.5 Common ecto and endo parasites and
their control
212
Practical

13. Jibachha Textbook of Introduction to Animal Production and Management - I
Index
xiii
13. Identify external body parts of large animals 261
14. Identify reproductive organs of male and female
ruminant
263
15. Identify AI equipments and observe AI technique 266
16. Perform Tattooing and Branding 267
17. Observe drenching of large ruminant against
external and internal parasites
270
18. Practice routine farm operations: handling,
transporting, restraining and casting, ageing,
weighing, grooming, dehorning/disbudding,
castration, docking
270
PRACTICAL VIVA QUESTION – ANSWER 276
Reference Books 316