Jibachha's Textbook of Animal Health Volume-I is written by Dr.Jibachha sah,& Dr.Prabhakar Kumar Shah,based on SEE & CTEVT animal health syllabus

1. JIBACHHAPUBLISHING
Dr. Jibachha Sah
Dr. Prabhakar K. Shah
Jibachha’s Textbook of
Animal Health Vol.-I
(Based on SEE & CTEVT Diploma Syllabus)

2. 390

3. 390

4. iJibachha's Textbook of Animal Health Volume-I |
Dr. Jibachha Sah
B.V.Sc & A.H., M.V.Sc (T.U.)
Laboratory Training, NDDB, Gujarat, India
Dr. Prabhakar Kumar Shah
B.V.Sc & A.H. (P.U.), M.V.Sc (Medicine, AFU)
Research Co-ordinator
JibachhaVeterinaryHospitalResearch&TrainingCenter(P.)Ltd.
Bharatpur-4, Narayangarh, Chitwan, Nepal
E-mail: vhrtc@yahoo.com, Tel: +977-56-570726
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Copyright material
Animal Health
Volume-I
Jibachha's Textbook of
Jibachha Publishing
(Veterinary Publisher and Distributors)
Bharatpur-4, Narayangarh, Chitwan, Nepal
E-mail: jibachhashah@gmail.com, Tel: +977-56-570726
(Based On SEE & CTEVT Diploma Animal Health Syllabus)
Jibachha's Textbook of Animal Health Volume-I

5. ii | Jibachha's Textbook of Animal Health Volume-I
Jibachha's Textbook of
Animal Health
Volume-I
Edited by: Dr. Jibachha Sah and Dr. Prabhakar Kumar Shah
Copyright @ 15 February, 2019, Jibachha Publishing
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Jibachha's Textbook of Animal Health Volume-I

6. iiiJibachha's Textbook of Animal Health Volume-I |
Preface
"Jibachha's Textbook of Animal Health Volume-I" is designed
for the SEE and CTEVT diploma level student of veterinary medicine.
The contents of the book is based on CTEVT & SEE syllabus on
animal health volume-I. The first section includes all the theory
topics; anatomy and physiology of domestic animal, microbiology,
parasitology, pharmacology, pathology, internal medicine, surgical
affection and reproductive problems.
The second section of this book focus on Animal Health-I
practical session which includes dissection and study of entire body
system in livestock and poultry, blood collection and preparation of
smears, glassware sterilization, preparation of common laboratory
media, study of bacteria, parasites, clinical examination, veterinary
pharmacy and palpation of genital organs.
In the series of our 35 books on veterinary clinical field
"Jibachha's Textbook of Animal Health Volume-I" is purely a syllabus
based book which is written with authentic text and references. This
book is especially designed for the students of technical education to
easy, concise, understandable manner and quick reference. In the time
of preparation, past examinations paper were highly considered, which
will enable students to achieve excellent score in the examination.
The experience gathered by the authors in the course of their
long number of years in publishing veterinary books for the students
and coordinating animal health courses, was strongly brought to bear
on the preparation of this course book; a serious student shall therefore
find the book user friendly and easy to read and understand. We strongly
believe that "Jibachha's Textbook of Animal Health Volume–I" shall
adequately meet the needs of veterinary students and teachers.
Dr. Prabhakar Kumar Shah
B.V.Sc & A.H. (P.U.), M.V.Sc (Medicine, AFU)
Dr. Jibachha Sah
B.V.Sc & A.H., M.V.Sc (T.U.)
Laboratory Training, NDDB, Gujarat, India
15 February, 2019
Preface

7. iv | Jibachha's Textbook of Animal Health Volume-I
Abbreviation
ABPPE = Acute bovine pulmonary edema and emphysema
AOM = Acute otitis media
BVD = Bovine viral diarrhoea
CBC = Complete blood count
CMT = California mastitis test
CRT = Capillary refill time
CSF = Cerebro spinal fluid
CTEVT = Council for Technical Education and Vocational
Training
DIC = Disseminated intravascular coagulation
DD = Digital dermatitis
DMI = Dry matter intake
EDTA = Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
FMD = Foot and mouth disease
HS = Haemorrhagic septicaemia
IBR = Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
IM = Intramuscular
IPA = Isopropyl alcohol
IU = International unit
IV = Intravenous
KOH = Potassium hydroxide
KI = Potassium iodide
LAD = Left displacement of abomasum
RDA = Right displacement of abomasum
RFM = Retention of foetal membrane
RP = Rinderpest
SC = Subcutaneous
SEE = Secondary Education Examination
Sp. Gr. = Specific gravity
VA = Volvulus abomasum
VWD = Von willebrand disease
Abbreviation

8. vJibachha's Textbook of Animal Health Volume-I |
Index
Preface iii
Abbreviation iv
UNIT 1
Anatomy of Domestic Animals 1-54
1.1 Different tissues of animal body 1
1.2 Gross anatomy of skeletal, digestive, respira-
tory, circulatory, reproductive, urinary, nervous,
endocrine and sensory system
10
1.2.1 Skeletal system 10
1.2.2 Types of bones 13
1.2.3 Digestive system 28
1.2.4 Respiratory system 35
1.2.5 Circulatory (Cardiovascular) system 39
1.2.6 Reproductive system 42
1.2.7 Urinary system 44
1.2.8 Nervous system 47
1.2.9 Endocrine system 48
1.2.10 Sensory system 49
UNIT 2
Physiology of Domestic Animals 55-62
2.1 Animal cell: structure and functions 55
Index

9. vi | Jibachha's Textbook of Animal Health Volume-I
2.2 Functions of different systems of livestock and
poultry
58
2.3 Reproductive hormones and their functions 59
UNIT 3
Microbiology 63-72
3.1 Organisms causing infectious diseases: bacte-
ria, virus and fungus
63
3.2 Difference between bacteria and virus 67
3.3 Immunity and immunization (vaccination) 68
3.4 Definition and terminology 69
UNIT 4
Parasitology 73-90
4.1 Helminths: trematodes, nematodes and cestodes 73
4.2 Common internal parasites and their characteristics 74
4.2.1 Nematodes 75
4.2.2 Trematoda 76
4.2.3 Cestoda 81
4.3 Common external parasites and their characteristics 82
4.3.1 General Characters of Ticks 83
4.3.2 General Characters of Mites 84
4.3.3 General characters of louse (lice) 85
4.3.4 General characters of mosquito 85
4.3.5 External Parasites of cattle 86
Index

10. viiJibachha's Textbook of Animal Health Volume-I |
4.4 Common protozoa and their characteristics 88
4.4.1 General characteristic of the coccidia 88
UNIT 5
Pharmacology 91-118
5.1 Introduction of pharmacology & classification of
drugs
91
5.2 Route of drugs/medicines administration 94
5.3 Antibiotics, anthelmintic, purgatives, antihista-
minic, analgesics and anaesthetic drugs
98
5.3.1 Antibiotics 98
5.3.2 Anthelmintics 99
5.3.3 Laxatives, purgatives 99
5.3.4 Antihistamines 100
5.3.5 Analgesic 101
5.3.6 Anaesthetic drugs 102
5.3.6.1 Difference between analgesic
and anaesthetic
102
5.4 Factors affecting dosage of drugs 103
5.5 Calculating dosage of drugs 104
5.6 Prescription writing 105
5.7 Poisoning: cyanide, nitrate, organophosphate,
snake bite
110
5.7.1 Cyanide poisoning 110
5.7.2 Nitrate poisoning 111
5.7.3 Organophosphate poisoning 112
Index

11. viii | Jibachha's Textbook of Animal Health Volume-I
5.7.4 Snake bite 112
5.8 Preparation of tincture, lotion, ointment and
mixtures
113
5.8.1 Tincture 113
5.8.2 Lotion 114
5.8.3 Ointment 115
5.8.4 Mixtures 115
5.8.4.1 Difference between lotion and
paste
116
UNIT 6
Pathology 119-156
6.1 Inflammatory status of stomach, intestine, liver,
kidney, lung, heart and mammary gland
119
6.1.1 Calf scours 126
6.1.2 Diarrhoea and dysentery 129
6.1.3 Left-sidedisplacementofabomasum(LDA) 131
6.1.4 Necrotic enteritis 135
6.1.5 Rumen acidosis 136
6.1.6 Abomasal ulceration 140
6.1.7 Acetonaemia (Ketosis) 142
6.1.8 Bovine fatty liver syndrome 146
6.1.9 Chylothroax 148
6.1.10 Mastitis 150
6.1.11 Fog Fever 153
6.1.12 Inflammation 155
Index

12. ixJibachha's Textbook of Animal Health Volume-I |
UNIT 7
Internal Medicine 157-201
7.1 Definition of health & disease 157
7.2 Terminology related to veterinary science 157
7.3 Sign of health and disease 159
7.4 Classification of disease 160
7.5 History taking and clinical examination 162
7.5.1 Physical examination 164
7.5.2 Clinical examination 170
7.6 Tympany 174
7.7 Ruminal impaction 177
7.8 Epistaxis 179
7.9 Pneumonia 180
7.10 Anaemia 183
7.11 Nephritis 184
7.12 Retention of urine (Urolithiasis) 186
7.13 Encephalitis 189
7.14 Gid 192
7.15 Conjunctivitis 193
7.16 Otitis 195
7.16.1 Difference between otitis and con-
junctivitis
197
7.17 Dermatitis 197
7.18 Ring worm (Dermatophytosis) 199
Index

13. x | Jibachha's Textbook of Animal Health Volume-I
UNIT 8
Surgical affections 202-207
8.1 Wounds/injuries 202
8.2 Burns 203
8.2.1 Difference between cyst and abscess 204
8.3 Dislocation and fracture 205
8.3.1 Difference between fracture and
dislocation
207
8.3.2 Difference between burn and scald 207
UNIT 9
Reproductive problems 208-220
9.1 Infertility in cattle 208
9.1.1 Difference between infertility and
sterility
210
9.2 Anoestrus in cattle 210
9.3 Metritis in cattle 211
9.4 Retention of placenta 213
9.5 Prolapse 215
9.6 Dystocia 216
9.6.1 Difference between dystocia and
prolapse
219
9.7 Euthanasia 220
Index

14. xiJibachha's Textbook of Animal Health Volume-I |
Animal Health-I Practicals
PRACTICAL 1:
Dissection and study of entire body system
in livestock and poultry
222
1.1 Male and female animals and birds 222
1.2 Gross study of bone, muscle and joints 226
1.3 Gross study of joints 227
1.4 Visceral organs 227
PRACTICAL 2:
Blood collection and preparation of smear 229
PRACTICAL 3:
Appropriate Sterilization 238
3.1 Glassware such as petridishes, flasks, measur-
ing cylinder, test tubes etc.
240
PRACTICAL 4:
Preparation of common laboratory medias 242
4.1 Culture Medias – Nutrient agar, Mac Conky
agar etc.
242
Index

15. xii | Jibachha's Textbook of Animal Health Volume-I
PRACTICAL 5:
Study of bacteria 245
5.1 Principle of Gram staining 245
5.2 Material required 245
5.3 Reagents 246
5.4 Procedure 246
PRACTICAL 6:
Study of parasitic eggs 251
PRACTICAL 7:
Preparation of ointments and lotions 257
PRACTICAL 8:
Route of administration of drugs 259
8.1 Principles of Drug Administration 259
PRACTICAL 9:
Route of administration of vaccines 264
9.1 Practice of vaccination in livestock & poultry 264
9.2 Common vaccines 273
Index

16. xiiiJibachha's Textbook of Animal Health Volume-I |
PRACTICAL 10:
History taking and clinical examination of
patient
274
PRACTICAL 11:
Physical examination 279
PRACTICAL 12:
Examination of wounds and its treatment 283
PRACTICAL 13:
Identification of female animal genital organs 286
PRACTICAL 14:
Rectal palpation of animal 290
PRACTICAL 15:
Perform disinfections of shade and building 292
PRACTICAL 16:
Perform suturing different types of wound 294
Index

17. 1Jibachha's Textbook of Animal Health Volume-I |
1 | Anatomy of Domestic Animals
1
Unit
Anatomy of
Domestic Animals
The term anatomy refers to the science that deals with the form
and structure of animals.
1.1 Different tissues of animal body
Definition: Tissues are groups of cells that have a similar
structure and act together to perform a specific function. For
example, muscle tissue is a group of muscle cells; blood is
classified as connective tissue.
Difference between cell and tissue
Cell Tissue
Cells are the smallest, structural
and functional unit of an organism,
which is characteristically
microscopic.
Tissues are the distinct types
of material consisting of
specialized cells and their
products.
Found in both unicellular and
multicellular organisms.
Found only in multicellular
organisms.
Are microscopic. Are macroscopic.
Comprise of different cellular
organelles, including the nucleus,
mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi
apparatus, etc.
Comprise of similar types of
cells, specialized for a unique
function.
Two types of cells – Eukaryotic
cells and prokaryotic cells.
Four main types of tissue-
Epithelial tissue, Connective
tissue, Muscular tissue, and
Nervous tissue.

18. 2 | Jibachha's Textbook of Animal Health Volume-I
1 | Anatomy of Domestic Animals
Developed from mitosis and
meiosis cell divisions.
Repair through regeneration
and fibrosis.
Functions include growth,
metabolism, and reproduction.
Has its own unique function.
A group of similar cells
combines together to perform
a similar function and to form
organs.
There are four types of tissues found in animals: Epithelial
tissue, Connective tissue, Muscle tissue and Nervous tissue.
Types of
tissue
Location Function
Epithelial
tissue
Body covering, Body
lining and glandular
tissue
ƒƒ Protection
ƒƒ Absorption
ƒƒ Filtration
ƒƒ Secretion
Connective
tissue
Throughout body (bone,
blood, cartilage)
ƒƒ Attachment
ƒƒ Support
ƒƒ Storage
Muscle
tissue
Attached to bones, wall
of hollow internal organ
(Examples : stomach,
intestine, bladder,
uterus & blood vessels),
involuntary organs (wall
of heart)
ƒƒ Movement
ƒƒ Maintenance of
posture
ƒƒ Joint stabilization
ƒƒ Heat generation
Nervous
tissue
Brain, spinal cord
and nervous system
throughout the body
ƒƒ Transmit signals
(nerve impulse) across
body
ƒƒ Coordinate, regulate,
integrate bodily
function

19. 3Jibachha's Textbook of Animal Health Volume-I |
1 | Anatomy of Domestic Animals
Epithelial Tissue
Type Structure Location Function
Cuboidal
Epithelium
Cube like cells
with nucleus at
the centre
ƒƒ Lining of
kidney
ƒƒ Tubules
ƒƒ Salivary, sweat
& pancreatic
ducts
ƒƒ Sectretion
ƒƒ Excretion &
absorption
Ciliated
epithelium
Certain
cuboidal &
columnar have
cilia at their
free end
Oviducts, trachea,
bronchioles &
in nephrons of
kidney
Movement
of cilia
brings about
movement of
substances in
one direction
Glandular
epithelium
Cuboidal &
columnar
epithelium are
modified into
glands
Salivary, gastric,
intestinal, sweat
glands, adrenal
and thyroid glands
Secrete
enzymes,
mucous or
homones
Surface
layer
Basal
layer
Basement
membrane
Connective
tissue
Epithelial tissue