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Noise pollution
- 1. NOISE POLLUTION WEST BENGALUNIVERSITY OF ANIMAL AND FISHERY SCIENCES FACULTY OF FISHERY SCIENCE SUBMITTED BY :- RAJNISHKUMAR DAS F/2015/23 SOUMYA SARDAR F/2015/37 SUMANTA DAS F/2015/41 AYAN BISWAS F/2015/07 ARNABDAS F/2015/05 NILADRIDEB F/2015/20 SUBMITTED TO :- MALANCHAYRAY & SWARNYA MUKHERJEE SUB: ENVIRONMENTALEDUCATION
- 2. CONTENTS 1.Noise pollution 2.Effects ofnoise pollution 3.Methods to reduce noise pollution 4.Noise pollution in India. 5.Governmental actions on noise pollution in India 6.Legal status of noise pollution in India. 7.Awareness towards noise pollution. 8.References
- 3. NOISEPOLLUTION Noise pollution ornoise disturbance is the disturbing or excessive noise that may harm the activity or balance of human or animal life. The source of most outdoor noise worldwide is mainly caused by machines and transportation systems, motor vehicles, aircraft, and trains. Outdoor noise is summarized by the word environmental noise. Poor urban planning may give rise to noise pollution, since side-by-side industrial and residential buildings can result in noise pollution in the residential areas. Documented problems associated with urban noise go back as far as Ancient Rome. Outdoor noise can be caused by machines, building activities, and music performances, especially in some workplaces. Noise-induced hearing loss can be caused by outside (e.g. trains) or inside (e.g. music) noise. High noise levels can contribute to cardiovascular effects in humans and an increased incidence of coronary artery disease. In animals, noise can increase the risk of death by altering predator or prey detection and avoidance, interfere with reproduction and navigation, and contribute to permanent hearing loss.
- 4. EFFECTSOF NOISEPOLLUTION Human Noise pollutionaffects both health and behaviour. Unwanted sound (noise) can damage psychological health. Noise pollution can cause hypertension, high stress levels, tinnitus, hearing loss, sleep disturbances, and other harmful effects. Sound becomes unwanted when it either interferes with normal activities such as sleeping, conversation, or disrupts or diminishes one’s quality of life. Chronic exposure to noise may cause noise-induced hearing loss. Older males exposed to significant occupational noise demonstrate more significantly reduced hearing sensitivity than their non-exposed peers, though differences in hearing sensitivity decrease with time and the two groups are indistinguishable by age 79. High noise levels can contribute to cardiovascular effects and exposure to moderately high levels during a single eight-hour period causes a statistical rise in blood pressure of five to ten points and an increase in stress, and vasoconstriction leading to the increased blood pressure noted above, as well as to increased incidence of coronary artery disease.
- 5. Wildlife Noise can havea detrimental effect on wild animals, increasing the risk of death by changing the delicate balance in predator or prey detection and avoidance, and interfering the use of the sounds in communication, especially in relation to reproduction and in navigation. Acoustic overexposure can lead to temporary or permanent loss of hearing. An impact of noise on wild animal life is the reduction of usable habitat that noisy areas may cause, which in the case of endangered species may be part of the path to extinction. Noise pollution may have caused the death of certain species of whales that beached themselves after being exposed to the loud sound of military sonar,(see also Marine mammals and sonar). Noise also makes species communicate more loudly, which is called Lombard vocal response. Scientists and researchers have conducted experiments that show whales' song length is longer when submarine-detectors are on.These unheard voices might be warnings, finding of prey, or preparations of net-bubbling. When one species begins speaking more loudly, it will mask other species' voice, causing the whole ecosystem eventually to speak more loudly. Marine invertebrates, such as crabs (Carcinus maenas), have also been shown to be impacted by ship noise. Larger crabs were noted to be impacted more by the sounds than smaller crabs. Repeated exposure to the sounds did lead to acclimatization. FIG :- Noise effecting the aquatic organisms
- 6. METHODSTO REDUCENOISEPOLLUTION Roadway noisecan be reduced by the use of noise barriers, limitation of vehicle speeds, alteration of roadway surface texture, limitation of heavy vehicles, use of traffic controls that smooth vehicle flow to reduce braking and acceleration, and tire design. An important factor in applying these strategies is a computer model for roadway noise, that is capable of addressing local topography, meteorology, traffic operations, and hypothetical mitigation. Costs of building-in mitigation can be modest, provided these solutions are sought in the planning stage of a roadway project. Aircraft noise can be reduced by using quieter jet engines. Altering flight paths and time of day runway has benefitted residents near airports. Industrial noise has been addressed since the 1930s via redesign of industrial equipment, shock mounted assemblies and physical barriers in the workplace. In recent years, Buy Quiet programs and initiatives have arisen in an effort to combat occupational noise exposures. These programs promote the purchase of quieter tools and equipment and encourage manufacturers to design quieter equipment. The National Institute for Occupational Health has created a database of industrial equipment with decibel levels noted. Fig :- The sound tube in Melbourne, Australia is designed to reduce roadway noise without detracting from the area's aesthetics
- 7. NOISEPOLLUTIONININDIA The urban areasof India have become highly populated in past few decades. In the last decade, it rose by 31.8%. This has led to certain environmental and health issues that also include environmental pollution. Some causes are unavoidable and are required to be followed for the developmental activities. So, it is not possible to completely avoid them. But, some preventive measures sure can be taken to control and minimize the extent of it. As per the Prevention and Control of Pollution Act implemented in 1981, the noise is termed as an ‘air-pollutant’. It is that unpleasant, distracting and unnecessary sound that ought to be avoided due to its sleep depriving and concentration-lowering impact. The person gets annoyed due to the persistent uneasiness caused by them. According to the WHO guidelines, for a sound sleep, the noise in that room should not be more than 30dBA. For maintaining concentration in any classroom, it should not exceed 35dBA. The noise levels more than these limits on a continuous basis, may harm mental as well as physical health on a short term and long term basis. Sadly enough, this issue is not taken that seriously infront of other forms of pollution – air pollution and water pollution. Measurement of Noise Pollution To measure noise, the average pressure level of the sound is measured for a particular amount of time by a weighting scale. It also finds out the response of the auditory system. The noise is measured as decibels. The gadgets used to measure noise are noise level meter, noise dosimeter and impulse-sound level meter. Noise dosimeter can be worn by the person and works better than noise level meter.
- 8. GOVERNMENTAL ACTIONS ONNOISE POLLUTION IN INDIA In March 2011, the Central Pollution Control Board established the first part of noise pollution monitoring network in 35 major cities in India including all the metros like Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Bengaluru, Lucknow and Chennai. The system is a part of the National Environmental Policy adopted in 2006. It is expected that by the establishment of second and third parts, the number of locations to be monitored will be increased160 cities covering various parts of Indian states. Under the Environmental Protection Act, the Central Government came up with Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules 2000 which were to be implemented once they got published in the official gazette. These rules are meant for the following: Implementation of noise standards in different zones or areas. 1. Restrict the use of loud-speakers. 2. Restrict the over-usage of horns, sound creating equipments for construction and fire-crackers. 3. Allotting responsibility to State Pollution Control Boards or Committees and the Central Pollution Control Board, for collecting, processing and providing the statistical data about the noise pollution, so that adequate measures may be taken to prevent and control it. On violation of these rules, the person shall be liable for penalty as per the Act.
- 9. LEGALSTATUSOF NOISEPOLLUTIONIN INDIA Upuntil the 1970s governments tended to view noise as a "nuisance" rather than an environmental problem. Many conflicts over noise pollution are handled by negotiation between the emitter and the receiver. Escalation procedures vary by country, and may include action in conjunction with local authorities, in particular the police. Noise pollution is a major problem in India. The government of India has rules & regulations against firecrackers and loudspeakers, but enforcement is extremely lax. Awaaz (sound) Foundation is an Indian NGO working to control noise pollution from various sources through advocacy, public interest litigation, awareness, and educational campaigns since 2003.
- 10. AWARNESS TOWARDS NOISEPOLLUTION We have made the law relating to noise pollution but there is need to creating general awareness towards the hazardous effects of noise pollution. Particularly, in our country the people generally lack consciousness of the ill effects which noise pollution creates ad how the society including they themselves stand to beneficiary preventing generation and emission of noise pollution. The target area should be educational institutions and more particularlyschool. The young children of impressionable age should be motivated to desist from playing with firecrackers, use of high sound producingequipments and instruments on festivals, religious and social functions, family get-togethers and celebrations etc. which cause noise pollution. Suitable chapters can be added into textbooks, which teach civic sense to the children and teach them how to be good and responsible citizen which would include learning by heart of various fundamental duties and that would obliviouslyinclude learningnot to create noise pollution and to prevent if generated by others. Holding of special talks and lectures can be organized in the schools to highlight the menance of noise pollution and the role of the children in preventingit . For these purpose the state must pay its role by the support and cooperation of non-government organizations (NGOs) can also be enlisted.
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