Nitrogen engine is an innovative step in the field of energy which can produce energy in a clean manner without harmful outputs and one time fuel.Very cheap source of energy.
A heat pump is a device that provides heat energy from a source of heat to a destination called a "heat sink". Heat pumps are designed to move thermal energy opposite to the direction of spontaneous heat flow by absorbing heat from a cold space and releasing it to a warmer one. A heat pump uses some amount of external power to accomplish the work of transferring energy from the heat source to the heat sink.
While air conditioners and freezers are familiar examples of heat pumps, the term "heat pump" is more general and applies to many HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air conditioning) devices used for space heating or space cooling. When a heat pump is used for heating, it employs the same basic refrigeration-type cycle used by an air conditioner or a refrigerator, but in the opposite direction - releasing heat into the conditioned space rather than the surrounding environment. In this use, heat pumps generally draw heat from the cooler external air or from the ground.[1] In heating mode, heat pumps are three to four times more efficient in their use of electric power, than are simple electrical resistance heaters.
This document discusses instrumentation and controls used at Shree Cement Limited's cement production plant. It provides an overview of the company, describing its production capacity, brands, and financial details. It then describes some key instruments and control systems used, including load cells for weighing materials, RTDs and thermocouples for temperature measurement, optical pyrometers for furnace temperatures, weight feeders for material feeding rates, vibro forks and relays for rotary packer level control, and thermocouples with a thyristor control system for kiln temperature control via coal firing. In conclusion, it notes the important role of instrumentation and control in optimizing process variables like flow, temperature and pressure to reduce human involvement
At present there are enormous companies offering range emission equipment’s. Okay motor is one of the reputed and certified companies in China. Point by point Topics
This document describes a student project to design an open cycle gas engine that uses a turbocharger. It is submitted by five students under the supervision of Mr. Bhupender Gahlot. The engine will run on LPG or CNG and power the turbocharger through exhaust gases, making it more efficient than traditional engines. It has several main components including an outer casing, flame chew, copper chew, and turbocharger. The fuel is ignited inside the flame chew and the hot gases spin the turbocharger before exiting.
The plant visit report summarizes key characteristics and parameters of the electric arc furnace (EAF) at JSPL Raigarh and JSW. Some key differences highlighted include:
- JSPL Raigarh's EAF shell lasts 600 heats compared to 400 heats for JSW's shell.
- JSPL Raigarh has more facilities like charging cranes, coke filling cranes, and spare transformers.
- JSPL Raigarh produces more heats per day (27 vs 14) and has a higher average tap weight (103t vs 155t) compared to JSW.
- JSPL Raigarh uses a higher percentage of hot
Wall hung electric boiler adaption with external tankDaxom/Navidens
Electric boilers adaption with external tank
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
High Efficiency with full modulation operation
Instant and continious hot water with external boiler
Touch operated and easy using stylish control pannel
Setting boiler temperature from control pannel and
display of settings.
Can be operated three phase or single phase
Can be identifiable 7 programs as Daily or weekly
Can be identifiable different operation
temperature for every programme
Floor heating (low temperature) and radiator heating
system
Compatible operation with solar energy system
Internal three way valve
Three level pump
Unti blockage system for pump and three way valve
Power setting with three level
Summer – Winter position option
Double freezing prevention system
Overheat security system
Flow control security system
Operation without water security system
Double over pressure security system
Automatic air relief cock
Second pump connection option
%99 efficiency
The document discusses distances from proposed wind turbine sites to nearby residences based on project documentation. It notes that some distances are likely shorter than reported when measured from the blade tips. It also shows that several residences would be located within 224 meters of Turbine 25, within the blade throw zone. The document requests a moratorium to allow time to study impacts and address inaccuracies in project documents before proceeding.
The proper operation of the Reheating Furnace is dependent of gas quality used in its Burners, that is, it is necessary a " solution " that generate a gas to burner into the furnace with characteristic specific for ensure the better performance.
A heat pump is a device that provides heat energy from a source of heat to a destination called a "heat sink". Heat pumps are designed to move thermal energy opposite to the direction of spontaneous heat flow by absorbing heat from a cold space and releasing it to a warmer one. A heat pump uses some amount of external power to accomplish the work of transferring energy from the heat source to the heat sink.
While air conditioners and freezers are familiar examples of heat pumps, the term "heat pump" is more general and applies to many HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air conditioning) devices used for space heating or space cooling. When a heat pump is used for heating, it employs the same basic refrigeration-type cycle used by an air conditioner or a refrigerator, but in the opposite direction - releasing heat into the conditioned space rather than the surrounding environment. In this use, heat pumps generally draw heat from the cooler external air or from the ground.[1] In heating mode, heat pumps are three to four times more efficient in their use of electric power, than are simple electrical resistance heaters.
This document discusses instrumentation and controls used at Shree Cement Limited's cement production plant. It provides an overview of the company, describing its production capacity, brands, and financial details. It then describes some key instruments and control systems used, including load cells for weighing materials, RTDs and thermocouples for temperature measurement, optical pyrometers for furnace temperatures, weight feeders for material feeding rates, vibro forks and relays for rotary packer level control, and thermocouples with a thyristor control system for kiln temperature control via coal firing. In conclusion, it notes the important role of instrumentation and control in optimizing process variables like flow, temperature and pressure to reduce human involvement
At present there are enormous companies offering range emission equipment’s. Okay motor is one of the reputed and certified companies in China. Point by point Topics
This document describes a student project to design an open cycle gas engine that uses a turbocharger. It is submitted by five students under the supervision of Mr. Bhupender Gahlot. The engine will run on LPG or CNG and power the turbocharger through exhaust gases, making it more efficient than traditional engines. It has several main components including an outer casing, flame chew, copper chew, and turbocharger. The fuel is ignited inside the flame chew and the hot gases spin the turbocharger before exiting.
The plant visit report summarizes key characteristics and parameters of the electric arc furnace (EAF) at JSPL Raigarh and JSW. Some key differences highlighted include:
- JSPL Raigarh's EAF shell lasts 600 heats compared to 400 heats for JSW's shell.
- JSPL Raigarh has more facilities like charging cranes, coke filling cranes, and spare transformers.
- JSPL Raigarh produces more heats per day (27 vs 14) and has a higher average tap weight (103t vs 155t) compared to JSW.
- JSPL Raigarh uses a higher percentage of hot
Wall hung electric boiler adaption with external tankDaxom/Navidens
Electric boilers adaption with external tank
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
High Efficiency with full modulation operation
Instant and continious hot water with external boiler
Touch operated and easy using stylish control pannel
Setting boiler temperature from control pannel and
display of settings.
Can be operated three phase or single phase
Can be identifiable 7 programs as Daily or weekly
Can be identifiable different operation
temperature for every programme
Floor heating (low temperature) and radiator heating
system
Compatible operation with solar energy system
Internal three way valve
Three level pump
Unti blockage system for pump and three way valve
Power setting with three level
Summer – Winter position option
Double freezing prevention system
Overheat security system
Flow control security system
Operation without water security system
Double over pressure security system
Automatic air relief cock
Second pump connection option
%99 efficiency
The document discusses distances from proposed wind turbine sites to nearby residences based on project documentation. It notes that some distances are likely shorter than reported when measured from the blade tips. It also shows that several residences would be located within 224 meters of Turbine 25, within the blade throw zone. The document requests a moratorium to allow time to study impacts and address inaccuracies in project documents before proceeding.
The proper operation of the Reheating Furnace is dependent of gas quality used in its Burners, that is, it is necessary a " solution " that generate a gas to burner into the furnace with characteristic specific for ensure the better performance.
We are an established and popular company with an excellent track record of customer satisfaction. Our motto is to keep our customers happy and provide them products and solutions at highly competent prices We look forward to a wonderful relationship together and success for all concerned. Please find attached our company’s corporate profile as well as a brief glance at our offerings mentioned below:
PRODUCTS: ECO TURBINES
We are a forward-looking Micro steam turbine manufacturer based in India with a host of happy and satisfied, domestic and foreign customers. We are known for our vast expertise in design as well as innovative solutions for the manufacturing of Micro Steam Turbines in a wide spectrum of power rating and applications with power ranging from 1kw-to 500kw. Our turbines can be supplied to various applications of mechanical drive, cogeneration, and power-generation.
Range:
We offer our customers robust power generation solutions by the utilization of direct drive, back pressure and condensing steam turbines with power ranging from 1kw to 500kw.
Application:
Sugar plants, Biomass power plants, Process industries like rice mills, bio-products, leather processing, textile mills, Distilleries, Palm oil, Pulp & Paper, cement, Gated community centres, Large IT Offices, small residential houses, Dairy farms etc.
SPARES AND SERVICE
We strive to deliver value engineering solutions to all our customers with our extensive expertise and experience. We understand each customer’s specific requirements to deliver superior quality services at highly affordable costs to wide spectrum of customers. We offer our customers
• Overhauling, Erection, Commissioning and Trouble shooting of all kinds of Turbines and Turbine assemblies.
• Annual maintenance contracts for Steam turbines.
• Supply of turbine spares and fitments
• Higher capacity Turbine overhaul project services
• In-situ dynamic balancing and vibration checking, monitoring and analysis
REFURBISHMENTS
We have a dedicated, professional and highly capable customer support department to service any kind or make of steam turbines up to 20MW. We offer our customers:
• Re-engineering and re-manufacturing solutions of steam path
• AMC for all makes of steam turbines
• Health survey of steam turbines
CONTRACT MANUFACTURING
Decades of experience in manufacturing processes allows us to implement and provide a high quality, cost effective contract manufacturing solutions to various industry sectors by providing integrated manufacturing as well as inspection platform to large and small scale manufacturers. Our Business offerings are
• White metal lined bearings for Hydro turbines, Electrical rotating machines, Machine builders
• Babbitt bearings for guide, Customer designed bearings, Steel mills
• Fabrication of tanks, office furniture, material handling components
• Steam and gas turbine spares as per customer drawings.
Gtuit teams up with Berg Chilling Inc. to turn wellhead flare gas headaches into benefits. Using refrigeration technology, the two companies have managed to capture, reduce and recycle material that would have been burned off and wasted into the atmosphere.
Hybrid Gasification Ltd has developed a fuel flexible gasifier that can operate on a wide range of fuels to generate syngas for heat and power generation up to 1 MWe. The gasifier has adjustable features to accommodate different fuel types and sizes. A 200 kg/h commercial gasifier has successfully operated various fuels including low ash fuels to power an industrial unit. The basic gasifier model can be operated with day of training, making it suitable for rural electrification. The gasifier can also be containerized for on-site energy recovery from hazardous wastes. Gas generation and power outputs are estimated based on fuel inputs. HGL offers customized gasification plants from 3kWe to 100 kWe, with capital costs of £
This document summarizes the properties and applications of Mega-Crete Slurry II, a two-part concrete and masonry repair compound. It has high strength, cures quickly within 2.5 hours, and is resistant to fuels and lubricants. The document provides specifications on compressive strength, tensile strength, hardness and other properties. It also lists various applications for repairing concrete structures and includes mixing ratios and coverage amounts for different kit sizes.
This document contains drawings and details for two single panel doors labeled D15 and D16. Door D15 is located in the kitchen and is made of timber with a louvred door vent and hinges. It is in a defective condition. Door D16 is located in the bathroom and is made of metal with hinges and an air vent. It has a varnish coating and is intact. The drawings include elevations, plans, exploded isometrics, and sections for each door.
Stove fan provides comfort and convenience in every home, especially if one lives in a colder climate where coal, wood and pellet stoves are much more in need.
That quality adds to their charm and makes them a necessity. Their universal appeal and utility are irrefutable.
The document discusses the major equipment and auxiliaries used in a thermal power station, including boilers, steam turbines, alternators, and various pumps, fans, and other supporting equipment used for coal handling, ash handling, water treatment, and within the switch house. It provides examples of different thermal power station layouts depending on their location near a river bank or with a cooling tower. The advantages of thermal power stations are listed as lower fuel and capital costs compared to diesel plants, while disadvantages include higher maintenance costs, space requirements, pollution, and lower overall efficiency compared to other plant types.
This document discusses the Digital Twin Spark Ignition (DTSI) system used in internal combustion engines. Some key points:
- DTSI uses two spark plugs located at opposite ends of the combustion chamber to promote more complete and efficient combustion.
- This results in benefits like better fuel efficiency, lower emissions, higher power output, and smoother engine operation across a wider speed range.
- DTSI engines have technologies like TRICS III and digital CDI that help optimize ignition timing for varying engine loads.
- The twin sparks create a wider flame front for more instantaneous burning of fuel compared to a single spark plug.
- While offering improved performance, DTSI also has some disadvantages like
A Green Engine is an actual six-phase internal combustion engine with a much higher expansion ratio. It is a pistonless engine. It is the only real multi-fuel engine till date. ie; any liquid or gaseous fuel can be used.
Controlling of Formation of Hot Spots in Si Engines by Altering the Material ...IRJET Journal
The document discusses controlling the formation of hot spots in SI engines by altering the material of the insulator tip of the spark plug. Hot spots generally form near the spark plug and exhaust valve over long engine operation and increase knocking tendency and harmful emissions. The study examines coating the insulator tip with tungsten and copper alloy to improve combustion and reduce emissions. Testing was done on a 3HP petrol engine. Results show coated spark plug increased efficiencies and reduced unsaturated hydrocarbons and carbon oxides compared to a usual spark plug.
Bygen Ltd. is a highly innovative startup company that is currently developing and commercializing a new disruptive transmission technology for the electric vehicles.
Bygen has developed a fully electric powertrain that is capable of increasing the driving range of electric vehicles in combined city traffic and highway driving by more than 50% in any road-speed conditions. By using new concept of mechanical technology it is possible to build a highly efficient fully electric multispeed transmission system for electric vehicles. Bygen's transmission system has no hydraulics to control clutch, which enables transmission to be light and tiny. This also makes it possible to be "in-wheel" type, which lifts efficiency higher. Much lowering cost is expected to contribute electric vehicle industry to expand faster and higher than ever.
INLET AIR HUMIDIFICATION TECHNIQUE IN CI ENGINES- FOR REDUCTION OF NOxIRJET Journal
The document presents the results of a study on using inlet air humidification to reduce NOx emissions from a diesel engine. Key findings include:
1. NOx and CO2 emissions from the engine decreased as the humidity of the inlet air increased, with NOx reducing by up to 50% as humidity rose to 70%.
2. CO emissions initially decreased with higher humidity but rose slightly at the highest humidity level tested, though still within limits.
3. The technique lowers combustion temperatures, reducing NOx formation. It provides a cheaper and simpler alternative to other methods with fewer drawbacks.
4. Testing was conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine retrofitted with a humidification system. Emissions
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The document describes a study that tested the use of modified ZSM-5 zeolite to capture carbon dioxide emissions from a diesel vehicle. The exhaust was passed through a reactor chamber filled with ZSM-5 zeolite pellets, which was shown to reduce CO2 emissions by up to 43% according to tests conducted at different engine speeds. The results demonstrate that ZSM-5 zeolite is effective at adsorbing carbon dioxide and could help reduce vehicle emissions to meet low emission standards.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Bunds Purging MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a bunds purging machine. Bunds are small ridges constructed across slopes in agricultural fields to reduce soil erosion and increase water retention. Currently, bund purging is done manually which takes a long time and much human effort. The objectives of this project were to develop an automated bund purging machine that would save time and labor. The designed machine uses a small two-stroke engine and rotavator blades attached to a tractor to clear weeds and debris from bunds. Testing showed the machine successfully cleared bunds while reducing time and effort compared to manual methods. However, further modifications are needed to improve cutting performance. Overall, automating bund purging
The document provides an introduction and overview of a seminar report on the Stirling engine. It discusses the key components of a basic Stirling engine, including the hot and cold cylinder walls, coolant pipes, thermal insulation, displacer and power pistons, and flywheel. It also describes the main types of Stirling engines - the alpha, beta, and gamma configurations. The report will examine the history, operation, features, and applications of the Stirling engine for solar power generation.
IRJET- Experimentation of Performance and Emission Test in Single Cylinder SI...IRJET Journal
This document discusses an experiment conducted on a single cylinder spark ignition engine to test the performance and emissions with the addition of a turbocharger and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). The experiment aims to improve engine efficiency while reducing emissions like CO2 and noise. A turbocharger compresses intake air using the energy in exhaust gases to drive a turbine. EGR recirculates a portion of exhaust gases back into the intake to reduce emissions. The experiment was conducted on a TVS Star City bike powered by a 109.7cc air-cooled engine. A turbocharger and EGR system were added to the stock engine configuration. The results were meant to analyze changes in performance and emissions with these modifications.
Talk on energy efficiency by ajai aroraRatan Kuber
The document discusses various ways to improve energy efficiency in textile industries. Thermal energy consumption can be reduced by minimizing water usage during wet processing as water heating accounts for a large portion of energy usage. Process and machine modifications, optimized chemical recipes, and new technologies can help conserve energy. Focus areas for energy savings include reducing steam consumption during wet processing operations like evaporation and chemical heating. Electrical usage can be lowered by improving efficiency of wet processing machinery. Captive power generation and use of waste steam for turbines are also discussed.
Exhaust Gas Recirculation is an effective method for NOx control. The exhaust gases mainly consist of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, etc. and the mixture has higher specific heat compared to atmospheric air. Re-circulated exhaust gas displaces fresh air entering the combustion chamber with carbon dioxide and water vapor present in engine exhaust. As a consequence of this air displacement, lower amount of oxygen in the intake mixture is available for combustion. Reduced oxygen available for combustion lowers the effective air–fuel ratio. This effective reduction in air–fuel ratio affects exhaust emissions
The document presents information on Cryocar, a vehicle that uses liquid nitrogen as fuel. It discusses the history of liquid nitrogen propulsion research. The key components of a liquid nitrogen propulsion system are described including the cryogen storage vessel, pump, economizer, heat exchanger, and expander engine. The open Rankine power cycle is explained. Advantages include reduced emissions, but disadvantages include energy needed to liquefy nitrogen and potential safety issues if nitrogen leaks. The LN2000 vehicle developed at the University of Washington is provided as an example.
This document provides an overview of gas turbine engines and their components. It discusses the fundamentals of gas turbine engines including the Brayton cycle and basic components like compressors, combustion chambers, and nozzles. Regarding compressors, it describes the advantages and disadvantages of radial/centrifugal and axial flow compressors. For combustion chambers, it discusses different chamber types (can, can-annular, annular) and factors affecting combustor design like temperature, stability, and pollution control. It also provides information on supersonic combustion challenges. Finally, it provides an introduction to nozzles and their objectives in jet propulsion.
We are an established and popular company with an excellent track record of customer satisfaction. Our motto is to keep our customers happy and provide them products and solutions at highly competent prices We look forward to a wonderful relationship together and success for all concerned. Please find attached our company’s corporate profile as well as a brief glance at our offerings mentioned below:
PRODUCTS: ECO TURBINES
We are a forward-looking Micro steam turbine manufacturer based in India with a host of happy and satisfied, domestic and foreign customers. We are known for our vast expertise in design as well as innovative solutions for the manufacturing of Micro Steam Turbines in a wide spectrum of power rating and applications with power ranging from 1kw-to 500kw. Our turbines can be supplied to various applications of mechanical drive, cogeneration, and power-generation.
Range:
We offer our customers robust power generation solutions by the utilization of direct drive, back pressure and condensing steam turbines with power ranging from 1kw to 500kw.
Application:
Sugar plants, Biomass power plants, Process industries like rice mills, bio-products, leather processing, textile mills, Distilleries, Palm oil, Pulp & Paper, cement, Gated community centres, Large IT Offices, small residential houses, Dairy farms etc.
SPARES AND SERVICE
We strive to deliver value engineering solutions to all our customers with our extensive expertise and experience. We understand each customer’s specific requirements to deliver superior quality services at highly affordable costs to wide spectrum of customers. We offer our customers
• Overhauling, Erection, Commissioning and Trouble shooting of all kinds of Turbines and Turbine assemblies.
• Annual maintenance contracts for Steam turbines.
• Supply of turbine spares and fitments
• Higher capacity Turbine overhaul project services
• In-situ dynamic balancing and vibration checking, monitoring and analysis
REFURBISHMENTS
We have a dedicated, professional and highly capable customer support department to service any kind or make of steam turbines up to 20MW. We offer our customers:
• Re-engineering and re-manufacturing solutions of steam path
• AMC for all makes of steam turbines
• Health survey of steam turbines
CONTRACT MANUFACTURING
Decades of experience in manufacturing processes allows us to implement and provide a high quality, cost effective contract manufacturing solutions to various industry sectors by providing integrated manufacturing as well as inspection platform to large and small scale manufacturers. Our Business offerings are
• White metal lined bearings for Hydro turbines, Electrical rotating machines, Machine builders
• Babbitt bearings for guide, Customer designed bearings, Steel mills
• Fabrication of tanks, office furniture, material handling components
• Steam and gas turbine spares as per customer drawings.
Gtuit teams up with Berg Chilling Inc. to turn wellhead flare gas headaches into benefits. Using refrigeration technology, the two companies have managed to capture, reduce and recycle material that would have been burned off and wasted into the atmosphere.
Hybrid Gasification Ltd has developed a fuel flexible gasifier that can operate on a wide range of fuels to generate syngas for heat and power generation up to 1 MWe. The gasifier has adjustable features to accommodate different fuel types and sizes. A 200 kg/h commercial gasifier has successfully operated various fuels including low ash fuels to power an industrial unit. The basic gasifier model can be operated with day of training, making it suitable for rural electrification. The gasifier can also be containerized for on-site energy recovery from hazardous wastes. Gas generation and power outputs are estimated based on fuel inputs. HGL offers customized gasification plants from 3kWe to 100 kWe, with capital costs of £
This document summarizes the properties and applications of Mega-Crete Slurry II, a two-part concrete and masonry repair compound. It has high strength, cures quickly within 2.5 hours, and is resistant to fuels and lubricants. The document provides specifications on compressive strength, tensile strength, hardness and other properties. It also lists various applications for repairing concrete structures and includes mixing ratios and coverage amounts for different kit sizes.
This document contains drawings and details for two single panel doors labeled D15 and D16. Door D15 is located in the kitchen and is made of timber with a louvred door vent and hinges. It is in a defective condition. Door D16 is located in the bathroom and is made of metal with hinges and an air vent. It has a varnish coating and is intact. The drawings include elevations, plans, exploded isometrics, and sections for each door.
Stove fan provides comfort and convenience in every home, especially if one lives in a colder climate where coal, wood and pellet stoves are much more in need.
That quality adds to their charm and makes them a necessity. Their universal appeal and utility are irrefutable.
The document discusses the major equipment and auxiliaries used in a thermal power station, including boilers, steam turbines, alternators, and various pumps, fans, and other supporting equipment used for coal handling, ash handling, water treatment, and within the switch house. It provides examples of different thermal power station layouts depending on their location near a river bank or with a cooling tower. The advantages of thermal power stations are listed as lower fuel and capital costs compared to diesel plants, while disadvantages include higher maintenance costs, space requirements, pollution, and lower overall efficiency compared to other plant types.
This document discusses the Digital Twin Spark Ignition (DTSI) system used in internal combustion engines. Some key points:
- DTSI uses two spark plugs located at opposite ends of the combustion chamber to promote more complete and efficient combustion.
- This results in benefits like better fuel efficiency, lower emissions, higher power output, and smoother engine operation across a wider speed range.
- DTSI engines have technologies like TRICS III and digital CDI that help optimize ignition timing for varying engine loads.
- The twin sparks create a wider flame front for more instantaneous burning of fuel compared to a single spark plug.
- While offering improved performance, DTSI also has some disadvantages like
A Green Engine is an actual six-phase internal combustion engine with a much higher expansion ratio. It is a pistonless engine. It is the only real multi-fuel engine till date. ie; any liquid or gaseous fuel can be used.
Controlling of Formation of Hot Spots in Si Engines by Altering the Material ...IRJET Journal
The document discusses controlling the formation of hot spots in SI engines by altering the material of the insulator tip of the spark plug. Hot spots generally form near the spark plug and exhaust valve over long engine operation and increase knocking tendency and harmful emissions. The study examines coating the insulator tip with tungsten and copper alloy to improve combustion and reduce emissions. Testing was done on a 3HP petrol engine. Results show coated spark plug increased efficiencies and reduced unsaturated hydrocarbons and carbon oxides compared to a usual spark plug.
Bygen Ltd. is a highly innovative startup company that is currently developing and commercializing a new disruptive transmission technology for the electric vehicles.
Bygen has developed a fully electric powertrain that is capable of increasing the driving range of electric vehicles in combined city traffic and highway driving by more than 50% in any road-speed conditions. By using new concept of mechanical technology it is possible to build a highly efficient fully electric multispeed transmission system for electric vehicles. Bygen's transmission system has no hydraulics to control clutch, which enables transmission to be light and tiny. This also makes it possible to be "in-wheel" type, which lifts efficiency higher. Much lowering cost is expected to contribute electric vehicle industry to expand faster and higher than ever.
INLET AIR HUMIDIFICATION TECHNIQUE IN CI ENGINES- FOR REDUCTION OF NOxIRJET Journal
The document presents the results of a study on using inlet air humidification to reduce NOx emissions from a diesel engine. Key findings include:
1. NOx and CO2 emissions from the engine decreased as the humidity of the inlet air increased, with NOx reducing by up to 50% as humidity rose to 70%.
2. CO emissions initially decreased with higher humidity but rose slightly at the highest humidity level tested, though still within limits.
3. The technique lowers combustion temperatures, reducing NOx formation. It provides a cheaper and simpler alternative to other methods with fewer drawbacks.
4. Testing was conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine retrofitted with a humidification system. Emissions
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The document describes a study that tested the use of modified ZSM-5 zeolite to capture carbon dioxide emissions from a diesel vehicle. The exhaust was passed through a reactor chamber filled with ZSM-5 zeolite pellets, which was shown to reduce CO2 emissions by up to 43% according to tests conducted at different engine speeds. The results demonstrate that ZSM-5 zeolite is effective at adsorbing carbon dioxide and could help reduce vehicle emissions to meet low emission standards.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Bunds Purging MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a bunds purging machine. Bunds are small ridges constructed across slopes in agricultural fields to reduce soil erosion and increase water retention. Currently, bund purging is done manually which takes a long time and much human effort. The objectives of this project were to develop an automated bund purging machine that would save time and labor. The designed machine uses a small two-stroke engine and rotavator blades attached to a tractor to clear weeds and debris from bunds. Testing showed the machine successfully cleared bunds while reducing time and effort compared to manual methods. However, further modifications are needed to improve cutting performance. Overall, automating bund purging
The document provides an introduction and overview of a seminar report on the Stirling engine. It discusses the key components of a basic Stirling engine, including the hot and cold cylinder walls, coolant pipes, thermal insulation, displacer and power pistons, and flywheel. It also describes the main types of Stirling engines - the alpha, beta, and gamma configurations. The report will examine the history, operation, features, and applications of the Stirling engine for solar power generation.
IRJET- Experimentation of Performance and Emission Test in Single Cylinder SI...IRJET Journal
This document discusses an experiment conducted on a single cylinder spark ignition engine to test the performance and emissions with the addition of a turbocharger and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). The experiment aims to improve engine efficiency while reducing emissions like CO2 and noise. A turbocharger compresses intake air using the energy in exhaust gases to drive a turbine. EGR recirculates a portion of exhaust gases back into the intake to reduce emissions. The experiment was conducted on a TVS Star City bike powered by a 109.7cc air-cooled engine. A turbocharger and EGR system were added to the stock engine configuration. The results were meant to analyze changes in performance and emissions with these modifications.
Talk on energy efficiency by ajai aroraRatan Kuber
The document discusses various ways to improve energy efficiency in textile industries. Thermal energy consumption can be reduced by minimizing water usage during wet processing as water heating accounts for a large portion of energy usage. Process and machine modifications, optimized chemical recipes, and new technologies can help conserve energy. Focus areas for energy savings include reducing steam consumption during wet processing operations like evaporation and chemical heating. Electrical usage can be lowered by improving efficiency of wet processing machinery. Captive power generation and use of waste steam for turbines are also discussed.
Exhaust Gas Recirculation is an effective method for NOx control. The exhaust gases mainly consist of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, etc. and the mixture has higher specific heat compared to atmospheric air. Re-circulated exhaust gas displaces fresh air entering the combustion chamber with carbon dioxide and water vapor present in engine exhaust. As a consequence of this air displacement, lower amount of oxygen in the intake mixture is available for combustion. Reduced oxygen available for combustion lowers the effective air–fuel ratio. This effective reduction in air–fuel ratio affects exhaust emissions
The document presents information on Cryocar, a vehicle that uses liquid nitrogen as fuel. It discusses the history of liquid nitrogen propulsion research. The key components of a liquid nitrogen propulsion system are described including the cryogen storage vessel, pump, economizer, heat exchanger, and expander engine. The open Rankine power cycle is explained. Advantages include reduced emissions, but disadvantages include energy needed to liquefy nitrogen and potential safety issues if nitrogen leaks. The LN2000 vehicle developed at the University of Washington is provided as an example.
This document provides an overview of gas turbine engines and their components. It discusses the fundamentals of gas turbine engines including the Brayton cycle and basic components like compressors, combustion chambers, and nozzles. Regarding compressors, it describes the advantages and disadvantages of radial/centrifugal and axial flow compressors. For combustion chambers, it discusses different chamber types (can, can-annular, annular) and factors affecting combustor design like temperature, stability, and pollution control. It also provides information on supersonic combustion challenges. Finally, it provides an introduction to nozzles and their objectives in jet propulsion.
Abstract
The present day scenario of the modern world is impossible to imagine without automobile. Thus it a primary challenge for automobile industries to design efficient and cost effective engine. The performance of the engine again depends on the type of fuel used, the cooling system, the lubrication system, the range of temperature in which the engine works etc. If the factors are taken care of then the performance of the engine can be improved. In this paper the effect of the fuel assimilating metallic nano-particles is studied. After the combustion of fuel in the combustion chamber the byproducts of combustion (water vapor and carbon dioxide) are further disintegrated, the dissociation of water being an exothermal process adds up to the heat intake of the engine. The food for the engine being heat and not the fuel, it is beneficial in every sense to extract maximum possible amount of heat from the given mass of fuel. This process has both merits and demerits which are shown by the comprehensive study of the fuel used in an internal combustion engine, the chemical process involved in the combustion and the process of exhaust.
Keywords: Nanofluids, Heat Transfer, Conductivity, Knocking and Detonation, Thermal Diffusibility.
Protection Schemes for Three Phase Induction MotorIRJET Journal
This document discusses protection schemes for three-phase induction motors. It begins by introducing the problem of individual phasing which occurs when one phase loses voltage supply, causing the motor to draw excessive current and overheat. Current bimetal overload relays are not effective at protecting against this. The document then proposes a reliable electronic protection circuit that can instantly trip the motor if any phase current becomes zero. It describes various fault conditions like overloading, under and over temperature. Protection thresholds and trip times are provided for different fault levels. The conclusion is that a microcontroller-based protection system has been designed to sense faults, monitor conditions, and automatically shut off the motor if needed to make operation efficient and safe.
A technological break-through, resulting from almost three decades of research and development. FuelAid Systems and Optimizers harness the science of fluid conditioning to improve combustion efficiency and increase fuel economy.
When properly installed, FuelAid systems cause fuel to take on a millivoltage charge which breaks up molecular clusters, causing better burning. Emissions are greatly reduced as a result.
The non invasive molecular optimization technology is capable of delivering the proper magnetic field necessary to break up the electrons in the fuel and reach the Rayleigh Limit - defined by NASA as the correct charge, and the number of electrons, to induce the desired effect.
All of this is a fancy way of saving that FuelAid Systems save money and reduce emissions, passively, using proven scientific theory. No driver training required.
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptxaryanpankaj78
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
Mechatronics is a multidisciplinary field that refers to the skill sets needed in the contemporary, advanced automated manufacturing industry. At the intersection of mechanics, electronics, and computing, mechatronics specialists create simpler, smarter systems. Mechatronics is an essential foundation for the expected growth in automation and manufacturing.
Mechatronics deals with robotics, control systems, and electro-mechanical systems.
Open Channel Flow: fluid flow with a free surfaceIndrajeet sahu
Open Channel Flow: This topic focuses on fluid flow with a free surface, such as in rivers, canals, and drainage ditches. Key concepts include the classification of flow types (steady vs. unsteady, uniform vs. non-uniform), hydraulic radius, flow resistance, Manning's equation, critical flow conditions, and energy and momentum principles. It also covers flow measurement techniques, gradually varied flow analysis, and the design of open channels. Understanding these principles is vital for effective water resource management and engineering applications.
4. ADVANTAGES OF
NITROGEN
ENGINE
EASY TO
DESIGN
ONE TIME
FUEL
LESS POWER
CONSUMPTION
NO WASTE
PRODUCTION
LESS RUNNING
COST AND
MAINTENANCE
FEE
ENVIRONMENT
AL FRIENDLY,
VERY
EFFICIENT
ENGINE
CAN WORK AS
AN
AUTOMOBILE,
AIRCRAFT,
LOCOMOTIVE
ENGINE.
5. WHY
NITROGE
N
(ATOMIC NO. =
7)
NITROGEN IS
EASILY
COMPRESSIBLE
AND CAN
GENERATE A LOT
OF THRUST
WITHOUT BEING
BURNED UP.
NITROGEN HAS
A LOW
MELTING AND
BOILING POINT.
SINCE IT
EXISTS AS A
GAS, IT HAS
LOWER SPECIFIC
HEAT
CAPACITY.
NITROGEN IS
INERT AND HENCE
IS MOST LIKELY TO
REMAIN SO
WITHIN
CYLINDERS IN
ENGINES.
6. Why Do We Need It?
The engine has an efficiency of 92% more than an average internal
combustion engine.
82% of the electricity required to run the chip comes from the electricity
generated by the moving piston within a magnetic field induction. The
remaining can be harnessed from solar energy.
The heat produced is 40% less than an average 4-stroke engine. The noise
production is significantly reduced due to less moving parts.
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8. Components of the
engine and it’s Parts
The Paramagnetic material is placed in a thermally
isolated system with an electromagnet at one of it’s ends.
The paramagnetic material is prevented from falling out
of the chamber as it is held by carbon fibre rods so that it
can withstand very low temperatures.
9. 4-stroke Engine
The conventional four stroke engine is an internal combustion engine which
makes use of the principles and laws related to gas.
The engine is a little complicated in it’s design and makes use of the
depleting fossil fuels.
The disadvantages include:
Noise
Wastage of energy
Fossil Fuels
Pollution
13. Phase 1
The nitrogen engine requires a difference in the
temperature to work properly. This difference can be
generated with atmospheric temperature.
As it takes time to create a suitable heat difference, to
start the engine within this time a magnetic method can
be used. This is called phase-1.
20. Phase-2
(Stirling Mechanism)
After step 3, the cycle repeats itself.
Along with this the sterling cycle takes place and
no heat source as liquid Nitrogen has low boiling
point (-172 degrees Celsius).
This marks the beginning of phase 2.
26. Maintenance
The Cylinder
• Checking the cylinder every 3 years ensures that
there is no leakage.
• The connecting tube must be cooled efficiently by
thermal isolation on either sides similar to a
distillation tube.
The Coil
• The coil which creates the magnetic field must
be properly placed. This can be checked every 3
years or so.
• The replacement of the coil wouldn’t cost much .
27. Experiment And Redesign
Constant incremental increase of speed
This is the major reason why it is not very popular in the automobile industry where
thrust has to be constantly varied based on the road/traffic conditions.
However in space travel where there is vacuum and no obstruction, it can be
effectively used thereby reducing cost and weight.
Hence it is feasible for interstellar travel.
Thermal isolating material: reinforced carbon-carbon composite and silica fiber
tiles.
Also, a hybrid design could be adapted where the 4-stroke fossil fuel engine is used
during start and when there is a requirement for sudden variation in thrust. The
Nitrogen engine takes during periods of constant acceleration or cruise.