1) New York City saw large waves of Irish and African American immigration in the 1800s, with the Irish population experiencing much higher death rates than other groups due to poor living conditions. 2) In the 1920s, New York City's economy boomed during the "second industrial revolution" as consumer goods became widely available through mass production. 3) Figures like P.T. Barnum helped grow New York City's culture and entertainment industry in the 1800s with attractions that blended museums, performances, and exhibitions.

1. American Urbanization
&
New York City
Joshua M. Holloway

2. • New York Herald; by James Gordon Bennet
• Modern journalism was created; gave the
reader what the people wanted to hear;
politically independent
• First Herald papers, 3 suicides, 3 murders, a
fire which killed 10 people, and an accident
which involved a shooting in the face.
• Pre modern paper—owned by certain political
party, expensive, and not much circulation

3. The Famine-Irish Immigrants
• More Irish in New York than
anywhere else other than
Dublin.
• Irish and african-americans
thrown into competition for
the worst dwellings and lowest
playing jobs
• Irish death rate 3 times higher
than the rest of the city

4. Roaring 20’s
• Shift in economic
times; “2nd industrial
revolution”
• Mass production of new consumer goods;
automobiles, washing machines, household
appliances
• For ordinary people for the first time.
• Need to be good at advertising and marketing

5. Barnum’s American Museum
• American Museum started when Barnum
bought Scudder’s museum
• Building was a mix between a
museum, lecture hall, wax museum
freak show, zoo, and theatre.
-Brought eager audiences from all
around

6. F. Scott Fitz Gerald
• Moved to New York
amongst many others
trafficking in
• Great American novelist
• Break up with Zelda
caused a 3 day drinking
binge, right after, rewrote
old-rejected manuscript,
got in the papers and
started becoming popular
instantly

7. Harlem
• An explosion of artistic culture, mainly by
African Americans, came out of Harlem
starting around 1910
• Poetry, novels, painting,
jazz, etc.
• Made new opportunities
for the poor who lived
around there since the
culture started gaining
reputation

8. “A Merger”
• New York’s success of becoming the national
metropole was due to it’s leaders abilities to
envision the future path of national economy;
then strategically adapt.
• 2 major examples: -The building of the Eerie
canal which controlled
exports to Europe
-The “triangle” trade
(between N.Y., the “cotton
farming” south, and Britain)

9. “the Great transatlantic
MiGrations”
• 1870-1920—migrations to and from America,
across the Atlantic, occurred
• 3 major factors that caused and helped:
-Steam powered transportation
-Absence of political and legal
restraints
-Job opportunity; potential
agriculture and industrial
development

10. Comparative Migration
• America took in almost any foreigner who
came; included every country in Europe and
beyond
• Argentina & Brazil took in mostly
Mediterraneans
• Canada took in exclusively Irish and British
• American took in more than 6 times what
South America received

11. “Birds of Passage”
• “Birds of Passage”: Immigrants who came to
earn America’s capital, then go back home
with the earned money
• Did not pledge to America’s allegiance; led to
harsh anti-immigration laws