1) African Americans are incarcerated at far higher rates than whites in the US criminal justice system. Though they make up 32% of the population, they represent 56% of prisoners. Drug use rates are comparable between African Americans and whites but African Americans face harsher penalties. 2) Ethnic minority graduates in Britain face significant employment barriers compared to white graduates, including lower job placement rates and long-term salaries. Discrimination plays a role in limiting opportunities. 3) Social mobility efforts in Britain have failed to significantly reduce wealth inequality despite decades of intervention. Continued inaction risks widening social and economic divisions in society. Muslims also face barriers to full employment due to discrimination.

1. New Race Audit
In 2014, AfricanAmericansconstituted2.3million,or34%, of the addup to 6.8 millioncorrectional
population.AfricanAmericansare imprisonedatmore than5 timesthe rate of whites.The
detainmentrate forAfricanAmericanladiesistwice thatof white women.Nationwide,African
Americanchildrenaccountfor32% of childrenwhoare captured,42% of childrenwhoare confined,
and 52% of childrenwhose casesare judiciallypostponedtocriminal court.ThoughAfrican
AmericansandHispanicsmake uparound32% of the US populace,theycomprised56% of all
imprisonedindividualsin2015. If AfricanAmericansandHispanicswere imprisonedatthe same
ratesas whites,jail andimprisonpopulaceswoulddecreasebynearly40%.Drug Sentencing
DisparitiesInthe 2015 National StudyonDrug Use andWellbeing,almost17millionwhitesand4
millionAfricanAmericansdetailedhavingutilizedanunlawfulsedate withinthe previousmonth.
AfricanAmericansandwhitesutilizedrugsatcomparable rates,butAfricanAmericansare 6 times
more likelytobe convictedfordrugchargescomparedto white people charges.
Statisticssuggestthatpeople of blackethnicityare more likelytobe imprisonedmainlydue topolice
discrimination.Fromthe exceptionallystarting,Darkanddestitute individualsare focusedonbythe
police.Police officeshave lockedinincampaignsof ceasingand searchingindividualswhoare
strolling,generallypoorindividualsandindividualsof colour,withoutcause fordecades.Police
trafficstopsmoreoverraciallytargetindividualsincars.Blackdriversare 31 percentmore likelyto
be stoppedcomparedto white driversandHispanicdriversare 23 percentmore likelytobe stopped
comparedwhite drivers.inthe US,inan April 2015 report,on 620,000 activitystopswhich
uncoveredwidespreadracial profiling,especiallyduringthe daywhenthe colourof the driverwas
more obvious.The bail systempunishesindividualswhoare poor.Everydayisapproximately
500,000 individualsthatare placedincorrectional facilities,whoare still assumedinnocentand
awaitingtrial,due tothembeingtoopoor topay cash to get outon bail.inprevioustimes,judges
usedto permitmostindividuals,indeedpoorindividualstobe free while theywere anticipatingtrial
but a lawwas passeddisregardingthis.Ina2013 studyof Modern York Citycourts,over50 percent
of the individualsheldincellsawaitingtrial foramisdemeanourorlawful offense chargeswere
incapable topaybail sumsof $2,500 or less.
EthnicminoritygraduatesinBritainare significantlylesslikelytobe employedthantheirwhitepeers
aftergraduation– and most of the minoritygraduateshave alowersalaryinthe longterm.This
critical disparityinlife chancesisuncoveredinamajor study – the firstcomparisonof how college
choices,parental foundation,andsocial classcaninfluencestudents’chancesof findingoccupations
and satisfyingtheirprofitpotential.The study,bythe EstablishedforSocial andFinancial Researchat
the College of Essex,findsthatBritishethnicminoritygraduatesare between5% and15% lesslikely
to be offeredjobsthantheirwhite Britishpeerssix monthsaftergraduation.furthermore,there is
researchshowingthe unfairdifference inwagesbetweennumerousethnicminorityladiesanddark
Caribbeanmenwhodomanage to discoveroccupationsaftergraduation.
A primarycause of unemploymentinPakistanisthe financial discouragementof the world
combinedwiththe terrorof America,hasdecreasedexchange andmechanical movementin
Pakistan.Ithas ruinedPakistan'spicture inthe worldwidefieldbuttoodoubled the USA'S
expendituresonArmedforces.Pakistanisnotdrawinginnew investmentalsothese factorshave
put universal speculationsatrisk.In2007 Americanstatesspent$368 billioninresearchand
advancementfield.The amountspentonresearchandeducation,make more specializedfieldsof
workand produce more opportunitiesforcitizens.only2percentGDP has beenspentbyPakistan
on educationagreeingto2010 budgetwhichisbarelyanythinginregional context.Othercause of

2. unemploymentinPakistanisthe fastdevelopmentof population.researchinJune 2009 concluded
that the populationof Pakistanin2050 will be around1699 million,itisanticipatedthatPakistanwill
become the fourthbiggestcountryinthe world.
The Guardian recentlypartneredwithOperationBlackVote toassessthe ethnicmakeupof Britain’s
mostpowerful.Theydrewupalistof around1,000 of the UK’smost influentialfiguresacrossa
numberof sectorsincludingpolitics,financial services,andthe judiciary.Only36 of that number
(3.4%) were fromblackand minorityethnicbackgrounds –despite 13% of the UK populationbeing
ethnicminorities.One strikingfeature of the surveyisthatminoritiesare particularlypoorly
representedinpublicservingfunctions,there are nominoritiesChief Constables,LondonBorough
Council CEOs,Civil Service PermanentSecretariesortrade unionleaders.
In an investigationof about400,000 cases,the surveyfoundthatjurieswere steadyintheirdecision-
making,independentof the ethnicityof the defendant.BAMEladieswere on24% more likelytobe
foundblameworthythanwhitewomen.While juriesseemable tokeepethnicityoutof their
decisions,the sentencingbyjudgesof those foundblameworthytoldadifferentstoryandwas
extremelyunfair.BAMEoffenderswere significantlymore likelytogeta custodial sentencethan
white guiltypartiesforsimilarcrimes.Likewise,inofficer'scourts,BAME ladiesare 24% more likely
to be foundblameworthycomparedtowhite ladies,withthe range goingfrom22% more likelyfor
AfricanAmericansladiesto43% for Chinese/otherladies.
In spite of the fact that anybodycandevelopamental healthissue,AfricanAmericansinsome cases
encountermore extreme formsof mental wellbeingconditionsdue toneglectedneedsandother
obstructions.Accordingtothe HealthandHuman AdministrationsOffice of MinorityHealth,African
Americansare 20% more likelytoencountergenuine mentalhealthissuesthanthe common
populace.Commonmental wellbeingdisordersamongAfricanAmericansincludemajordepression,
ADHD, andsuicide.AfricanAmericansare more likelytosufferfromextrememental healthissues
due to exposure toviolence andhomelessness.The blackcommunitymakesupfor40% of the
homelesscommunity.
Social mobilityapproacheshave failedtoaltogetherdecrease imbalancebetweenwealthyandpoor
inspite of two decadesof interventionsbyprogressive governments,agreeingtoanexceedingly
basicmodernreport.The ponderby the government’sSocialMobilityCommissionwarnsthat
withoutradical andcritical change,the social and financial divisionsinBritishsocietywill broaden
evenfurther,underminingcommunitycohesionandfinancialprosperity.Andithighlightsmodern
dividesthathave openedupinthe UK,encourage fragmentingsociety –geologically,andbetween
salarygroupsand diverse generations.Muslimmenandladiesare beingheldbackinthe work
environmentbywidespreadIslamophobia,racism, anddiscrimination,accordingtoa study which
findsthatMuslimgrown-upsare far lesslikelytobe infull-time work.6% of Muslimsbreaking
throughintoproficientoccupations,comparedwith10% of the general populace inBritainand
Wales.