NEUROENDROCRINE.pptx
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The document presents information about the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system is described as a network of cells that produce and release hormones in response to signals from the nervous system. It connects the nervous and endocrine systems, which specialize in communication through different methods. The hypothalamus is a key structure that controls the pituitary gland and regulates basic functions like hunger and thirst. The neuroendocrine system allows the nervous and endocrine systems to communicate with each other to coordinate important bodily processes.
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Nervous and Hormonal Mechanisms The nervous system assists us in communicating with the outside world while also controlling many internal functions of the body The nervous system receives data, analyses it, and then initiates responses On the other hand, hormones permeate past the plasma membrane of target cells and bind to a receptor protein in the cell s cytoplasm
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The nervous system and endocrine system communicate between organ systems to maintain homeostasis. The nervous system works quickly using electrical and chemical signals, while the endocrine system works more slowly using chemical signals through the bloodstream. Neurons are specialized cells that receive and transmit electrochemical signals through their dendrites, cell body, and axon. The senses detect internal and external stimuli which are transmitted by the nervous system. The central nervous system interprets this information and communicates with the peripheral nervous system to stimulate responses. The endocrine system produces hormones that influence cells and affect growth, development, and other processes through chemical messengers in the bloodstream.
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The endocrine system is a network of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate bodily functions. It works more slowly than the nervous system but has prolonged effects lasting hours to weeks. Hormones produced by endocrine glands control metabolism, growth, tissue function, and mood. The study of the endocrine system and its disorders is called endocrinology.
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The endocrine system is comprised of ductless glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream to coordinate responses between organs and tissues. Key glands include the adrenal, thyroid, and pituitary glands. Disorders can occur if glands over or under secrete hormones, potentially inducing diseases and affecting multiple organ systems, some of which may be debilitating or life-threatening. The study of endocrine disorders is called endocrinology.
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"Control and coordination are fundamental processes in living organisms that ensure proper functioning and response to stimuli. In simpler terms, control refers to the regulation of various activities within an organism, while coordination involves the harmonious integration of these activities. In humans and many other animals, control and coordination are primarily carried out by the nervous system and the endocrine system. The nervous system allows for rapid responses to stimuli through nerve impulses, while the endocrine system regulates physiological processes using chemical messengers called hormones. Together, these systems ensure that organisms can adapt to changes in their environment, maintain internal balance (homeostasis), and carry out essential functions for survival and well-being."
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The vertebrate brain is the main part of the central nervous system. The brain and the spinal cord make up the central nervous system,
In most of the vertebrates the brain is at the front, in the head. It is protected by the skull and close to the main sense organs.
Brains are extremely complex and the part of human and animal body. The brain controls the other organs of the body, either by activating muscles or by causing secretion of chemicals such as hormones and neurotransmitters.
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The brain of an adult human weights about 1300–1400 grams .
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The structure of all vertebrate brains is basically the same.
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In mammals, and especially in man, the brain is developed further during life by learning. This has the benefit of helping them fit better into their environment. The capacity to learn is seen best in the cerebral cortex.
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Bns key terms
The document discusses several key topics related to the biological bases of behavior:
1. All human behavior has a biological basis in the structures and processes of the nervous system and endocrine system.
2. The brain is highly specialized and hierarchical, but can adapt through neuroplasticity.
3. The endocrine system produces hormones that directly influence target organs to regulate various processes.
4. Researchers use various imaging technologies to study the brain's structure and function.
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The document discusses the nervous system and endocrine system and how they work together to control and coordinate the body's functions. The nervous system includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs, while the endocrine system uses hormones secreted by glands. An example is given of how these systems work together to regulate digestion from seeing food to absorbing nutrients. Neurons are described as the basic unit of the nervous system, transmitting signals through electrical and chemical processes between dendrites, cell bodies and axons. The three main types of neurons - sensory, motor and association neurons - are also outlined.
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The endocrine system maintains homeostasis in the body by releasing hormones that target specific organs and tissues. Hormones are chemical messengers that circulate through the bloodstream and are produced by endocrine glands. The endocrine system works closely with the nervous system to regulate various bodily functions through hormonal and neural pathways. There are two main types of glands - endocrine glands which secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, and exocrine glands which secrete substances through ducts.
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Psychobiologist study the evolutionary and physiological mechanisms that are responsible for human behavior and try to understand how the brain functions in order to understand why humans behave the way we do.
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For Miss Joy Lim's General Psychology class
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control and coordination class 10 NCERT pdf notes
Here's a brief introduction to control and coordination class 10 science:
"Control and coordination are fundamental processes in living organisms that ensure proper functioning and response to stimuli. In simpler terms, control refers to the regulation of various activities within an organism, while coordination involves the harmonious integration of these activities. In humans and many other animals, control and coordination are primarily carried out by the nervous system and the endocrine system. The nervous system allows for rapid responses to stimuli through nerve impulses, while the endocrine system regulates physiological processes using chemical messengers called hormones. Together, these systems ensure that organisms can adapt to changes in their environment, maintain internal balance (homeostasis), and carry out essential functions for survival and well-being."
For more information, visit- www.vavaclasses.com
Psychology
This chapter discusses the biological basis of behavior, focusing on the nervous system and endocrine system. It describes how neurons communicate via electrical and chemical signals to coordinate the body's functions. Specific areas of the brain like the limbic system and cerebral cortex each have roles in functions like memory, emotion, language, and movement. Genes and evolution also influence behavior, as seen through studies in behavior genetics and evolutionary psychology.
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Coordination refers to the linking together of organ activities in the body so they function appropriately and smoothly. The nervous and hormonal systems facilitate coordination. In animals, coordination involves stimuli being detected by receptors and transmitted to the brain/spinal cord (coordinator) which sends signals to effectors to elicit responses. The human nervous system consists of neurons that conduct stimuli as nerve impulses. Sensory neurons transmit impulses from receptors to the central nervous system while motor neurons transmit signals from the CNS to effectors. The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system which analyzes stimuli and determines responses.
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The document discusses the central nervous system. It describes how the brain and spinal cord work together, with the brain being the control center that processes information and the spinal cord relaying messages between the brain and body. It explains the main parts of the brain like the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem and their functions. It also discusses how addictive drugs affect the brain's reward system by stimulating dopamine release, and how this can lead to changes in the brain related to addiction over time.
nervous system
The document discusses the nervous system, including its key components and functions. It describes:
- The central nervous system (CNS), made up of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), consisting of nerves that connect to organs.
- How neurons transmit signals via electrical and chemical synapses, aided by glial cells. The PNS has somatic and autonomic divisions, with the latter regulating involuntary functions.
- Common nervous system disorders include infections, injuries, degeneration and functional issues presenting with headaches, weakness and sensory changes. Neurologists and neurological surgeons treat such conditions.
Emotion 2
The document discusses the physiological changes that occur during emotional arousal. It explains that emotional changes can be physiological, behavioral, and cognitive. Physiological changes are caused by activation of the autonomic nervous system and include increased heart rate and breathing, muscle tension, and sweating. The autonomic nervous system, specifically the sympathetic nervous system, is responsible for preparing the body for emergency action during emotional experiences like fear or anger. Glands like the adrenal glands also participate in the physiological response by releasing hormones into the bloodstream. Parts of the limbic system are also involved in emotional expression and arousal.
Neurons and neuro transmitters
This document discusses neurons and brain imaging techniques. It provides information on the basic structure and function of neurons, including the cell body, axon, dendrites and synapses. It also covers different types of neurons and neurotransmitters. The document then discusses several common brain imaging techniques used in neuroscience, including fMRI, CT, PET and EEG scans. It provides brief descriptions of how each technique works and what type of information it can provide about brain structure and function.
179-Anatomy-Nervous-System.ppt
The document summarizes the structure and function of the human nervous system. It describes that the nervous system consists of the central nervous system containing the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system which branches throughout the body. It provides details on the main parts of the brain including the cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, and brainstem. It also describes the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system, including the 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves. Finally, it summarizes the autonomic nervous system which controls involuntary functions through the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
Comparision of brain in vertebrates
The vertebrate brain
The vertebrate brain is the main part of the central nervous system. The brain and the spinal cord make up the central nervous system,
In most of the vertebrates the brain is at the front, in the head. It is protected by the skull and close to the main sense organs.
Brains are extremely complex and the part of human and animal body. The brain controls the other organs of the body, either by activating muscles or by causing secretion of chemicals such as hormones and neurotransmitters.
Muscular action allows rapid and coordinated responses to changes in the environment.
The brain of an adult human weights about 1300–1400 grams .
In vertebrates, the spinal cord by itself can cause reflex responses as well as simple movement such as swimming or walking. However, sophisticated control of behaviour requires a centralized brain.
The structure of all vertebrate brains is basically the same.
At the same time, during the course of evolution, the vertebrate brain has undergone changes, and become more effective.
In so-called 'lower' animals, most or all of the brain structure is inherited, and therefore their behaviour is mostly instinctive.
In mammals, and especially in man, the brain is developed further during life by learning. This has the benefit of helping them fit better into their environment. The capacity to learn is seen best in the cerebral cortex.
Three principles
The brain and nervous system is essentially a system which makes connections. It has input from sense organs and output to muscles. It is connected in several ways with the endocrine system, which makes hormones, and the digestive system and sex system. Hormones work slowly, so those changes are gradual.
The brain is a kind of department store. It has, all inter-connected, departments which do different things. They all help each other gather senses.
Much of what the body does is not conscious. Basically, much of the body runs on automatic (breathing, heart beat, hungry, hair growth) adjusted by the autonomic nervous system. The brain, too, does much of its work without a person noticing it. The unconscious mind refers to the brain activities which are hardly ever noticed.
Nervous system and coordination brian & friends para 4to
The nervous system allows organisms to detect stimuli and respond appropriately. It contains receptors that detect stimuli and effectors like muscles and glands that respond. The nervous system uses both electrical and chemical signals to coordinate these responses. The central nervous system, made up of the brain and spinal cord, processes sensory information and coordinates motor responses. It communicates with the peripheral nervous system and body via neurons. The peripheral nervous system contains the nerves connecting the central nervous system to receptors and effectors throughout the body. Together, the nervous system's components allow organisms to detect environmental changes and mount coordinated responses for survival.
Control and coordination
This document provides information on control and coordination in animals and plants. It discusses the nervous system and neurons, how impulses are transmitted, and reflex actions in animals. It also describes the structure and functions of the human brain. In plants, it discusses movements caused by turgor pressure and plant hormones like auxins and gibberellins. The document also discusses the endocrine system in animals, how hormones are secreted and travel through the bloodstream to target organs, and examples of hormones like insulin and thyroid hormones. It concludes by defining endocrine glands and listing the major glands of the endocrine system.
Unit 5 Nervous System
This document provides an overview of the interaction between the nervous and endocrine systems. It discusses:
1. The interaction process and how the nervous and endocrine systems connect and coordinate different parts of the body to adapt to changing internal and external conditions.
2. The basic unit of the nervous system, the neuron, and how it transmits electric signals via neurotransmitters between neurons.
3. The main components of the nervous system including the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (nerves). It also discusses the protections and tissue types of the central nervous system.
5. CONTROL OF BEHAVIOR.docx
The internal mechanisms that control animal behavior are the nervous system and endocrine system. The nervous system acts as a stimulus filter, processing sensory information and initiating motor or organ responses. The endocrine system works more slowly through hormonal effects that influence development and activation of behaviors. Both systems receive external stimuli and work together to regulate behaviors like feeding, aggression, and territorial defense.
Unit-8.pptx
Human behavior and personality development are influenced by biological and environmental factors. The central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord, gives rise to the mind and controls behavior. The brain is made up of neurons that communicate via neurotransmitters at synapses. Development involves growth, maturation, and learning across physical, cognitive, and psychological domains over one's lifetime. Personality represents the total integration of an individual and develops through dynamic changes from childhood to adulthood.
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The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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- 2. ABOUT MYSELF I am Limpho Moiloa, a third year student teacher at Lesotho College of Education. l am going to present about neuroendocrine system.
- 3. NEUROENDOCRINE SYSTEM It is described as a network of cells that produce and release hormones in response to signals from the nervous system. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland are the main organs of the neuroendocrine system. It is made up of nervous and endocrine system
- 5. WHAT IS NERVOUS SYSTEM? M.Hoefnagels describes nervous system as a vast network composed of trillions of neurons and neuroglia that specialize in rapid communication. She also states that some neurons are sensory receptors that detect stimuli in the environment or inside the body: Others relay or interpreted the sensory input. Still other neurons carry impulses from the brain or spinal cord to muscles or glands, which contract or secrete products in response.
- 6. WHAT IS ENDOCRINE SYSTEM? M.Hoefnagels states that endocrine system is a system that includes glands that secrete hormones, which are communication biochemical that affect development , reproduction, mental health , metabolism and many other functions. Again she states that hormones travel within circulatory system and stimulate a characteristic response in a target organs. For example, the pituitary gland in the brain produces and secretes the hormone prolactin into the blood stream. Prolactin binds to target cells in the breasts of a new mother and promotes milk secretion.
- 7. ALTHOUGH NERVOUS AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM BOTH SPECIALIZE IN COMMUNICATION, THEY DIFFER IN MANY WAYS. BELOW ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THESE SYSTEMS NERVOUS SYSTEM Neurons use action potentials and neurotransmitters to send messages. Each neuron influences only a few cells at a time . Nervous system communicates faster. A nervous impulse is virtually instantaneous and its effects disappear as soon as the stimulus vanishes ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Endocrine system employs hormones Hormones circulate throughout the body in the blood and may affect many different cells. Endocrine system communicates slower. Hormones take minutes, hours or even days to exert their effects, which are generally prolonged.
- 8. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NERVOUS AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Despite their differences, the nervous and endocrine systems are tightly integrated hence the name neuroendocrine system. The most obvious connection is a physical one the hypothalamus. This region of the brain is clearly part of the central nervous system, yet the hypothalamus contains neurons called neurosectory cells that release hormones directly into the bloodstream. Moreover, the hypothalamus directly controls the action of many endocrine glands
- 9. CONTINUATION OF SLIDE 7 The nervous and endocrine systems also share chemical links. For example, some chemicals, such as epinephrine and norepinephrine, can act as neurotransmitters (if released from a neuron)and hormones(if released from an endocrine gland). In addition, neurotransmitters and hormones share some target cells.
- 10. CONCLUSION Neuroendocrine system is a network of cells that produce and release hormones in response to signals from the nervous system. Neuroendocrine system is a combination of nervous and endocrine system and these systems communicate with each other through the hypothalamus, which controls basic drives such as hunger and thirst. The hypothalamus also regulates the pituitary gland, which governs the release by the body’s other glands.
- 11. REFERENCES M.Hoefnagels “Biology concepts and investigation”2nd Edn (2012) McGraw-Hill Companies New York http//biology.stackxchange.com http//verywellmind.com