The document provides an overview of computer networks, detailing their classifications based on connection methods (wired and wireless), scale (LAN, WAN, MAN, etc.), functional relationships (client-server, peer-to-peer), and topology (bus, star, ring, etc.). It further explains various types of networks, including local, campus, metropolitan, wide area, global, and virtual private networks, and introduces internetworking concepts with a focus on intranets, extranets, and the internet. Additionally, the document lists essential hardware components that interconnect network nodes, such as network interface cards, repeaters, hubs, bridges, switches, and routers.

1. Computer Networks

2. o Computer Networks
A Collection of computers and devices connected to
each other .
A Network Allows computers and devices to
communicate with each other and share resources and
information .

3. • Network Classification
1.Connection Method :
Computer Network can be classified according to
H/W & S/W technology .

4. Connection Method :
Connection method can be divided in to two methods :
Wireless : is Technology designed to connect devices without wiring .
These devices use radio waves or infrared signals as a transmission
medium .

5. • Connection Method :
Ethernet : uses physical wiring to connect devices . Such as hubs ,
switches , bridges and Routers .
Also ITU-T G.hn technology uses existing home wiring , such as coaxial
cable, phone line and power line .to create a high speed local area
network

6. • Network Classification
2. Scale : network can be classified as :
A- Local Area Network ( LAN )
B- Wide Area Network ( WAN)
C- Metropolitan Area Network ( MAN )
D- Personal Area Network ( PAN )
E- Virtual Private Network ( VPN )
F- Campus Area Network ( CAN )
G- Storage Area Network ( SAN )

7. • Network Classification
3- Functional relationship ( Network Architecture )
Computer Network Can be classified as :
Active Network
Client Server
Peer – to – Peer

8. • Network Classification
4- Network Topology :
Computer Network may be classified according to the network topology :
A- Bus Network
B- Star Network
C- Ring Network
D- Mesh Network
E- Star – Bus Network
F- Tree Network

9. Types of Common Networks
2- Local Area Network :
Is a computer Network Covering a small physical Area like a home , office , small group of buildings
such as a school or an airport .
Local Area Network May have wire or Wireless technology
The Characteristics of LANs :
Higher data transfer rates , smaller geographic range , and lack of a need for leased
telecommunication line .

10. Types of Common Networks
3- Campus Area Network :
Is a computer Network made up of an interconnection of LANs
within a limited geographical Area .

11. Campus Area Network
It can considered one form of a metropolitan area network ,specific
to an academic setting .
CAN Link variety of campus building including : academic
departments , the university library and student resident halls ,
CAN is larger than a local Area network but smaller than wide area
network ( WAN ) in some cases .
The main aim of CAN is to facilitate students accessing internet and
university resources .

12. Types of Common Networks
4- Metropolitan Area Network :
• Is a Network that connects two or more LAN or CAN together , But does
not extend beyond the boundaries of the city .
• Router Switches and hubs are connected to create a MAN

13. Types of Common
Networks
5- Wide Area Network :
• Is the Network covers wide or Broad Area .
• Any network whose communications links cross metropolitan , regional or
national boundaries .
• Largest than ( LAN , MAN , CAN , PAN )
• Such as internet

14. Types of Common Networks
6- Global Area Network
Is a model for supporting mobile communication across an arbiter number
of wireless LANs , satellite coverage area .

15. Types of Common Networks
6- Virtual Private Network :
Is a computer network in witch some of the links between nodes are carried by open
connections of virtual circuit in some larger network instead of by physical wires .

16. • INTERNETWORK
•Internetworking involves connecting two or more , distinct
computer networks or network segments via a common routing
technology .
•Internetwork often shorted to internet.
•In modern practice , the interconnected networks use the
internet protocols .
•There are Three Internetworks :
1.Intranet
2.Extranet
3.Internet

17. INTERNETWORK
Intranet :
An intranet is a set of networks using the internet protocol and
IP-based tools such as web browsers and file transfer
applications , that is under the control of single administrative
entity .

18. INTERNETWORK
•Extranet :
An extranet is a network or internetwork that is limited in
scope to a single organization or entity but which also has
limited connection to the networks of one or more .

19. INTERNETWORK
•INTERNET
The internet is a specific internetwork . It consist of world wide
interconnection of governmental , academic , public & Private
Network
WWW : World Wide Web
The ” Internet “ is most commonly spelled with a capital “ I “

20. Basic hardware components
All networks are made up of basic hardware building blocks to
interconnect network nodes such as :
1.NICs
2.Bridges
3.Hubs
4.Switches
5.Routers
6.Repeater

21. Basic hardware components
1- Network interface Cards
NICs is a piece of computer hardware designed to
allow computers to communicate over a computer
network .

22. Basic hardware components
2- Repeaters
A repeater is an electronic devices that receive a signal
and transmit it at a higher power level , or to other side of
an obstruction .

23. Basic hardware components
3- Hubs :
A hub contains multiple ports , when a packet arrives at one port ,
it copied unmodified to all ports of the hub for transmission .

24. Basic hardware components
4-BRIDGES
A network bridges concepts multiple network at the data link layer
( layer 2 ) of the OSI model .

25. Bridges come in Three basic types :
1- Local Bridges : Directly connect local area network ( LANs )
2- Remote Bridges : Can be used to create a wide area network
( WAN ) link between LANs .
3- Wireless Bridges: Can be used to join LANs or connect remote
stations to LANs .

26. Basic hardware components
5- switches :
is a device that forward and filter OSI layer 2 datagrams between ports
based on The MAC address in the packets .
Some Switches are capable of routing based on IP address but are still
called witches as a marketing term .

27. Basic hardware components
6- Routers :
Router are networking devices that forward data packets between
networks .
Router work at the network Layer