Network Topologies And The Network

Network Topologies And The Network
Introduction Network Topology is how computers, printers, and other devices are connected over a
network ("Guide to Network Topology", 2015"). The word topology means shape and the term
network topology refers to the shape of a network ("Guide to Network Topology", 2015). Network
topologies refer not only to the physical layout of the devices connected but how the devices
communicate to each other ("Tomsho, Tiffel & Johnson, 2004, pg 48"). There are several different
topologies and the choice of a topology is determined by how the network works. The network
cabling system carries all the data from one point to another and the design is determined by how
the network should function, the reliability and how accessible the network should ... Show more
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It is used from one end of the network to the other with different network devices called nodes. Bus
topologies are commonly used on LAN networks because they are inexpensive and easily install. In
today's business society, bus topologies are not commonly used and in the past years 10Base2
Ethernet, Thin Ethernet and 10Base5 are examples of LAN technology that uses bus topology. The
structure of bus topologies is where nodes are connected to a central cable called a bus where
messages are sent by a nodes and travels along the bus through all other nodes ("Guide to
Networking, 2015"). Bus topology networks use coaxial cables and at the end of each network
segment there is a terminator ("Hallberg,2014, pg 39"), The terminator is important for a bus
topology to function properly, without a terminator the data will bounce from end to end causing a
signal bounce ("Guide to Networking, 2015"). Bus topologies are not commonly used today but
were easily installed and used less cable than other topologies. Bus topologies work best with least
number of devices. Bus topology does not handle heavy traffic well, therefore; if more than dozen
computers are added you will mostly see performance issues. Although bus topologies are has the
advantage of being the least expensive and user friendly, they do have their drawbacks. Some
disadvantages of bus topologies are the network is easily to be disruptive. To add or remove a
computer the network has to be completed shut
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Computer Networks And The Network
A computer network is any computer or group of computers that are linked to another computer or
systems of computers so they can communicate. There are several careers that involve knowledge of
computer networking. Each of these positions require a particular set of skills. While the positions
may sound the same, they are not. For example, the network engineer manages and designs
computer networks, upgrading them and tests their security while the network administrator keeps
the network running. The network analyst is responsible for supporting the overall infrastructure of
the computer network, writing software and other programs that are needed. The information
systems administrator is responsible for designing, delivering, and maintaining the infrastructure
that makes up the network, usually in an organization. The network technician is the one who sets
up the network, troubleshoots problems and services the network to keep it running. The network
information systems manager is responsible for the technicians, administrators, analysists and
engineers while also planning for the network into the future (Computer Networking Majors Guide).
The career that I would choose, at least for now, would be a network technician because I like to
build things and enjoy the hardware side of computing. There are several skill sets that I need to
perform this job. One of the required duties is to set up the network hardware that the business
needs. This includes setting up the security

4g Network And The Network Industry
1. Abstract
Although 4G network in some areas not yet fully universal, but the most recent 5G this topic has
fired up. 5G network as a next generation mobile communication network, its theoretical maximum
transfer speeds of up to tens of Gb per second, which is far more than the transmission rate of the
existing 4G network, the whole ultra–high–definition movie can be downloaded completed within
one second. 802.11ac technology are used in fifth generation network as a mainstay. It has also
become the focus of the network industry concerned. This report try to represent a full picture of
802.11ac technology.
table of content
1. Abstract 1
2. Introduction 2
2.1 Define 2
2.2 Context 3
2.3 Motivation 3
3. Literature review 4
4. 802.11ac key Technology 5
4.1 Work in the 5GHz band 6
4.1.1 Why 802.11ac is 5 GHz only? 6
4.2 MIMO 7
4.3 Challenge and issue in MIMO 7
4.3.1 Diversity and Multiplexing 7
4.3.2 Fading and interference 9
4.4 MU–MIMO 10
4.5 MAC virtual carrier sense technology 11
4.6 The large–scale MIMO technology 12
4.7 Multi–carrier technology filter group 14
4.8 Energy efficiency 16
4.9 Downward Compatible 16
5. Conclusion 16
6. Reference 17
7. Figure Reference 17
2. Introduction
2.1 Define

802.11ac is a new generation of network protocol. Because it runs in 5G Wi–Fi, this refers to the
fifth generation of Wi–Fi transmission technology, and runs 5Ghz radio wave bands. Here 's a
common problem 802.11ac and 5G Wi–Fi was a lot of confusion in the

Network Neutrality
The Internet is the global way of interconnected computer interfaces that use the Internet protocol
suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide. It is an interface of networks that consists of individual,
civic, academic, marketing, and government tracks of local to global scope, joined by a broad
collection of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet has changed
continuation upside down. It was no longer a state–controlled outline, although the extensive
computer network in the world including across 50,000 sub–networks, 4 million systems, and 70
million users. The Internet supports numerous network services, most prominently mobile apps such
as social media apps,Internet telephony, the World Wide Web, multiplayer online games,electronic
mail, and file sharing services. The internet is essentially a web ... Show more content on
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They remain attached throughout the world by providing their clients passage to different ISP
networks.
Network neutrality is any assortment of computer networks that states employing the Internet
Protocol should be compatible among all Internet transaction which holds information, documents,
and dispatched data related to the digital audio/video file, emails etc. For Internet users, whatever
content and applications they inspect should remain in control. According to Columbia Law School
professor Tim Wu, the real idea to define network neutrality is that public information channels will
end up being greatly valuable if all content, websites, and platforms such as mobile devices, video
game consoles, etc. are negotiate equally.Net Neutrality would refer to the diminutive assortment of
organizations that regulates US internet access like Comcast, Time Warner Cable, AT&T, Verizon,
Cox and some smaller cable guys. Network neutrality
The pros of net neutrality appear manageable enough at aspect value. One of the prime

Mobile Networks : The New Norm For Networks
Latest trends such as mobiles, IT–as–a–Service, Server Virtualization and the requirement to
respond rapidly to developing business conditions are placing demands on the network, which
cannot be handled by today's conventional network architectures. Software–Defined Networking
proposes new approach to avoid the traditional vertically integrated networking stack in order to
improve the present basic network architecture by improving architectural flexibility and
manageability. SDN enables "mass customization" of network operations to better support
differentiated services. With this technology a single program can control the behavior of entire
networks.
Networking in future will rely completely on software, which will help increase the ... Show more
All these transformation of high level policies into low level configuration commands with adaption
to changing network conditions is done manually. Frequently, they likewise need to finish these
exceptionally perplexing errands with access to extremely constrained instruments. As a result,
system administration and execution tuning is very testing and subsequently slip inclined. The way
that system gadgets are generally vertically–coordinated secret elements worsens the test system
administrators and chairmen face.
An alternate practically unsurmountable test system professionals furthermore analysts face has
been alluded to as "Internet ossification". Due to its tremendous organization base and the actuality
it is viewed as a major aspect of our societies critical infrastructure (much the same as transportation
and force frameworks), the Internet has gotten to be greatly difficult to develop both as far as its
physical framework and in addition its conventions and execution. Then again, as present and rising
Internet applications and administrations get to be progressively more unpredictable and requesting,
it is basic that the Internet have the capacity to advance to address these new difficult.
The thought of "programmable networks" has been proposed as an approach to encourage system
development. Specifically, Software Defined Networking (SDN) is another systems administration
ideal

Network
Situation in which the Project Exists: This project is for a residential data communication network.
The proposed network is designed to connect 2 workstations and 1 printer. It will provide internet
access as well as multiple email addresses. The client has approved an initial investment of $5,000
to implement the networking project. The two workstations will be two HP Pavilion Laptops with
AMD Turion II Dual Core Mobile processor, each for $529.99. The printer will be a PIXMA
Wireless multifunction printer/copier/scanner for $99. The client desires to have a mobile network
with the ability to work virtually anywhere in the house. The laptops both come with internal
wireless adapters, 500gbytes of hard drive space, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A key benefit of both wireless routers is scalability. Their strong built–in transceivers are designed
to spread a wireless signal throughout the home. A general rule of thumb in home networking says
that 802.11b and 802.11g WAPs and routers support a range of up to 300 feet, but obstructions in a
home such as brick walls and metal frames can reduce the range of a Wi–Fi LAN by 25% or more.
The router will be placed in an optimal location away from microwave ovens, 2.4 GHz cordless
phones and garage door openers which can all cause signal interference. In densely populated areas,
wireless signals from neighboring homes can sometimes cause signal interference. This happens
when both households set conflicting communication channels. When configuring an 802.11b or
802.11g router, you can change the channel number used. The default administrator password and
username for the router will be immediately changed. All Wi–Fi equipment supports some form of
encryption, and we will be using the128–bit WEP Encryption by assigning a WEP passkey. The
passkey should be unique and long. For extra security we will be changing the default SSID or
network name, which identifies the network. This should also be unique. Most wireless network
routers contain the ability to filter devices based on their MAC address. By enabling MAC Address
Filtering, this will allow the

A Report On The Network
In this section, we will see the two networks constructed in Mininet and the flows running through
the network
Flows:
1. A total of 12 simulations were run through the network. Flows were generated between hosts
using the tool D–ITG.
2. Traffic generation:
D–ITG is used for generating traffic in the network. Random hosts and clients are selected for
sending traffic. To get sufficient delay in the network the link is used up to 100% in case of heavy
traffic, around 70% for medium traffic and 20% for low traffic. The receiver logs are registered for
each flow. Flows nature is UDP as UDP does not re–attempt to send a dropped packet. The packet
size is fixed to 1024 and number of packets send per second can be changed depending on the traffic
requirement.
The following tables give the details of each flow which were simulated for network 1.
The network was created in Mininet. It consists of 12 hosts and 8 OpenV switches. It uses the
external controller which is selected in Mininet python code.
Network 2 is constructed in Mininet. It is a partial tree structure with 11 switches and 12 hosts.
External Floodlight controller is connected to the Mininet network using python code. The
controller is set in a different Virtual machine.
Each KQI will be analyzed for all three algorithms on both the network.
1. Average Delay:
The best performing algorithm for high traffic flows is a latency based algorithm. It gives a
minimum delay of 1.845 sec which is 28% lower than the delay observed

Networks And Standards Of Network
Networks and Standards
In this piece of work I will talk about different network types, topologies, architectures and specify
the standards and protocols often related to them. Furthermore I will discuss network hardware and
software required by a PC to join a network and access shared resources. Finally, I will look into
different network services provided by the networks and the Internet.
Network Types
Personal are network
PAN is a computer network which is there to communicate with other computerised networks. This
will include things like telephones and personal assistants. PAN is something that can also be used
for communicating between the personal devices themselves or even connecting to a level higher
than that. It is also a wireless network technology which is carried over with such things like a
wireless USB or even Bluetooth. Local Area Network
A local area network is something that can be connected to a computer and also devices in such a
limited area, some examples of this would be places like at home and school. Users that is able to
have access to the network can file share only as it protected by a password. The LAN is important
for sharing resources that include files, printers and even games. The most common LAN is in my
classroom network and my home network. LANs could be wired, wireless and a mixture of the two.
The most common protocols related to wired LANs is the Ethernet (802.3) and wireless networks
are usually linked to Wi–Fi (802.11) standard.

Computer Networks
Network is between two or more computers connected each other they can exchange data. For
example a network allows computers to share files, users to message each other. Computer network
topology is the way various components of a network for example (link, connect) which is different
systems and nodes are connected and communicate with each other.
A network is a set of devices, software, and cables that enables the exchange of information between
them. Host devices are computers, servers, laptops, Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), or anything
a person uses to access the network. A topology describes the layout of a network. There are several
topologies (Star, Ring, Bus and mesh).
A Computer network consists of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
LAN configuration consists of:
O A file server – stores all of the software that controls the network, as well as the software that can
be shared by the computers attached to the network.
O A workstation – computers connected to the file server (Mac or PCs). These are less powerful
than the file server
O Cables – used to connect the network interface cards in each computer. METROPOLITAN AREA
NETWORK (MAN)
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) covers larger geographic areas, such as cities. Often used by
local libraries and government agencies often to connect to citizens and private industries. WIDE
AREA NETWORK (WAN)
Wide Area Networks (WANs) connect larger geographic areas, such as London, the UK, or the
world. In this type of network dedicated transoceanic cabling or satellite uplinks may be used.
ADVANTAGES OF NETWORK
Speed. Sharing and transferring files within Networks are very rapid. Thus saving time, while
maintaining the integrity of the file.
Cost. Individually licensed copies of many popular software programs can be costly. Networkable
versions are available at considerable savings. Shared programs, on a network allows for easier
upgrading of the program on one single file server, instead of upgrading individual workstations.
Security. Sensitive files and programs on a network are passwords protected (established for specific
directories to restrict access to authorized users) or designated as "copy

Patterns In The Movie Network
Throughout the duration of the movie Network, I recognized patterns that were similar to those of
which were demonstrated throughout the entirety of the 2016 Presidential election. There is no
doubt that this presidential election was unlike any other. What I identified to be common themes,
between Network and the Presidential election, were audacious behavior concerning interactions
with the public and the retrogression of traditional news. It is obvious that Network was a movie that
proved the anticipation of what news and media would be like in today's society.
The main character, Howard Beale, is introduced as a depressed news anchor that has nothing to
lose. Due to his unfortunate circumstances, his emotional outbreak on live television seems to be an
appropriate reaction for someone who is not concerned of the consequences he will be faced with.
Similarly, Donald Trump was not concerned with what the world thought of him when reacting to
the political ongoing during the 2016 President Election. Although the reactions that Howard Beale
and Donald Trump had, seemed absurd, it grabbed the media and public's eye. It did not matter what
either of them were saying, whether it be good or bad. What the two were saying were different
from what would be seen as typical. With that being the case, ... Show more content on
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In today's society, it is apparent that different news outlets are biased when it comes to political
opinions. In Network there were a great deal of times when the producers were exploiting Howard
Beale in order to get their ratings up. Although, business wise, this was a great idea, the news
company did not stay loyal to the principle of true journalism. Likewise, during the presidential
election, there was so much tension because of how straightforward journalists were with their
political opinion. Instead of only reporting the hard cold facts, journalist were openly being biased
and

Network Neutrality Network Tier
Network Neutrality or Network Tier?
Network neutrality has offered entrepreneurs the ability to start up a new business using the internet
as a passage for advertising and gaining a customer base. It has allowed for individuals to surf the
World Wide Web to read articles, look at photos and watch video's all from the convenience of their
home or portable electronic device. While there are two sides to every coin, there are two opinions
about the internet and whether it should be managed on the current net neutrality concept or a more
tiered approach. While both sides have valid points, it must be decided which approach is for the
better good for society.
What is Network Neutrality? Why is the Internet Running this way?
According to Agusti, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As President Obama stated in a letter dated November 10, 2014, "We cannot allow Internet service
providers (ISPs) to restrict the best access or to pick winners and losers in the online marketplace for
services and ideas" (para. 2). "...neither the cable company nor the phone company will be able to
act as a gatekeeper, restricting what you can do or see online" (para. 4). If the government did not
impose rules to adhere to, internet service providers would take that opportunity to exploit the
opportunity to gouge the users by restricting access to certain sites or information unless they paid
the top tier which would be at a premium price. People and many businesses cannot afford high
price internet service and only the one percenters would afford the luxury of all access

Network Networks And The Internet
Without the modern router, the internet as we know it today would not be possible. Routers
interconnect smaller network segments known as LANs (Local Area Networks) by filtering and
passing small packets of data to other routers outside of the LAN across a series of physical media.
This topology, where multiple LANs are physically connected, is referred to as a WAN or Wide
Area Network. This basic operation of packet forwarding forms the foundation of the internet.
Originally the Internet began as the ARPANET (A project, funded by the Advanced Research
Projects Agency, to maintain lines of communication in case of nuclear war) and routers were
known as IMPs or Interface Message Processors. IMPs were the first of their kind to be able to
connect networks of different types. These devices were a major breakthrough at the time even
though they still did not contain the robust functionality of modern router or even the reliability of
TCP/IP which had not been invented yet. The next significant breakthrough occurred when the next
generation of routers were developed by researchers at MIT and Stanford Universities in the early
80's. These routers incorporated multi–protocol compatibility which allowed different vendor
networks to be able to communicate which each other. This was significant at the time because not
all networks used TCP/IP, in fact very few even did. This development caused a boom in the
industry and essentially started the rise of the digital age.
Modern

Wireless Networks And Wireless Network
Abstract– The Advancement in various wireless Network ,Enables Mobile Subcriber to enjoy
internet anytime anywhere ,but ensuring security and efficiency of this process is challenging,
because different networks have different security policies and authentication protocols.. Wireless
technologies such as the Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), the Worldwide Interoperability for
Microwave Access (WiMAX), and the Third–Generation (3G) mobile communications system
complement each other to support a variety of services suited for the home, urban, and global
environments. In Wireless roaming network, user privacy preservation has become an important and
challenging issue in the wireless network, and has been widely studied by researchers.
Keywords—: Authentication, Privacy –Preservation,WLAN,WiMax, Roaming Network
I] INTRODUCTION
With the advancement of mobile technology, wireless networks have become widely available and
interconnected. For allowing people to get connected seamlessly using their mobile devices without
being limited by the geographical coverage of their own home networks, roaming services have
been deployed, for example, GSM [9], [17], 3GPP [20], and WLANs With the advancements in
various mobile and wireless networks, e.g., long–term evolution (LTE) [1] worldwide
interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) [3], and roadside–to–vehicle communication
systems [2], pervasive Internet access becomes a reality, enabling mobile subscribers (MSs) to enjoy
Internet

Network Design
Running head:PROJECT #3
Unit #3 Individual Project – Network Design For Champions, Inc.
Travis Lee Thompson
ITCO103–1201A–05
American International University
Table Of Contents
Network Architecture/Model ........................................................................................ Page 3
Star Network Topology (before the donation) .............................................................. Page 5
Star Network Topology (after the donation) ................................................................. Page 6
Advantages of the Star Network Design ....................................................................... Page 7
Disadvantages of the Star Network Design ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2. Star Network Topology (before the donation)
[pic]
3. Star Network Topology (after the donation)
[pic]
4. Advantages of the Star Network Design
It is the most cost effective strategy for "cash–strapped" businesses with no special emphasis on
security. Sometimes the cheapest design doesn't always translate into the easiest design. In this case,
the translation is a success. The hub will serve as the intermediary between the computers and the
internet (via cable modem). Also, in this case, easy design also translate into easy troubleshooting of
any network problem. The star network allows troubleshooters to isolate issues on the network
instead of taking the entire local network offline. Moreover, the star network implies direct data
flow from the computers (via hub) to the internet instead of the data flowing through the nodes first.
Hence, speed is a benefit of such a network. In addition, because of the direct data flow
methodology (nodes–to–hub–to–modem–to–internet–and–vice–versa), the data is safe. Finally, the
star network allows for expansion of nodes, hubs, and gateways without losing any of the networks
advantages listed on this page. The owner plans to eventually add 7 more computers to the network.
My recommendation is to purchase an additional hub to manage the 7 additional computers. Also,

an additional modem is needed for load balancing purposes.
5. Disadvantages of a Star Network Design
The

Correlation Between Network And Network
Interaction points of spatial networks are linked to each other by what the writer's term as channels,
and they're the paths through which material is transported. A definite sequence of linked edges in
spatially embedded graph will form a channel. As you look at figure 1a, the roads are your channels,
the pipeline network pipes, and tracks in railway networks are different examples of channels. The
channels of which the writers have termed have exactly two end points, where the end points of a
channel can intersect with other channels or they can remain free. An example of this is: one of the
channel l3 end points intersects with the channel l7 at the point of j6. On the other hand, the end
point will not intersect with any other channel, it will represents a dead end. This dead end can be
considered as an extremity of a network, so they call it boundary of the network. So if you direct
your attention to figure 1b you can see that all the points marked by hollow circles are boundary
points for the network. Channels cannot only speciﬁed by geometry of edges, it can also be deﬁned
by a names attached to the geometry. Example: highway Interstate 75 cannot be recognized in a
network by its geometry alone. In order to identify it, you will have to locate every point in the
Euclidean plane which have the name Interstate 75. In their model of spatial networks, they assigned
thematic attribute values to every point of a channel. Now the attribute values can be used to
recognize

Network Standards For A Computer Network
INTRODUCTION
Network standards play an important role in networking. Without networking standards
manufacturers of networking products have no common ground on which they can build their
systems. Standardization of products can make or break networking products, many companies are
hesitant to support newer technology unless there is a standardization base from which to work.
Different types of network standards include 802"LAN", 802.3 "wired LAN" and 802.11 "Wireless"
there is also the OSI model.
A network protocol defines a set of rules and conventions between devices. Protocols for a computer
network usually use packet switching techniques to send and receive messages in the form of
packets. There are different types of Protocols one ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
http://www.techiwarehouse.com/userfiles/LAN.jpg
A WAN (Wide Area Network) is a network that covers a geographical scale, nearly all WANS are
LANs that are all connected to each other. WANs are commonly connected either through the
internet or special arrangements made with phone companies or ISP's (Internet service provider). A
wide are network is different from a metropolitan area network because of the distance between
each of the networks as a MAN (metropolitan area network) only covers a small area like a city
unlike the WAN which covers the geographical area.
http://www.excellgroup.com/images/pic/WAN.jpg A WLAN (wireless local area network) provides
a wireless way of communicating over short distances using different types of signals instead of
using cables. A WLAN covers a small area like a house, office, school or worksite. There are a few
advantages and disadvantages of a WLAN, one of the advantages are that is cover the area that you
want it to be in as the WLAN will only be used in a small geographical area. There are a few
disadvantages and they are, WLANs only cover a small scale, The network may be disrupted, for
example if there are other wireless signals around that might disrupt the signal of the WLAN one
example for this is a Microwave, the microwaves emitted by the microwave can disrupt other
wireless signals.
Network Topologies
A star topology is a type of network topology, a workstation is able to send information

Networks Essay
Wireless Local Area Networks
A wireless local area network (LAN) is a flexible data communications system implemented as an
extension to, or as an alternative for, a wired LAN. It uses radio frequency (RF) technology, to
transmit and receive data over the air, minimizing the need for wired connections. A wireless LAN
system can combine data connectivity with user mobility.
The data to be transmitted is modulated onto the radio waves, called carriers, and then are removed
from the carriers at the other end by what is called a transceiver. End users in a wireless local area
network access the network through adapters such as PC cards in laptop notebook computers. And
PCI cards ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If the receiver is not on the right frequency, a spread–spectrum signal looks like background noise.
The two types of spread–spectrum radio are frequency hopping and direct sequence. (Behrouz,
2004)
Frequency–hopping spread–spectrum (FHSS) is a method that uses a narrow band carrier that
changes frequencies in a distinct pattern. The signal hops to a variety of frequencies, with the exact
sequence of changes, known as the hopping sequence. At any moment, the broadcast signal uses
only one frequency, or even several frequencies is not enough to effectively affect the
communication between devices. The FHSS is used between 2.4 GHz and 2.5 GHz and operates at a
data rate of about 1.6 Mbs per channel. Direct sequence spread–spectrum (DSSS) generates a bit
pattern for each bit to be transmitted. This bit pattern is called a chip or chipping code (Kurose,
2003).
Another technology that can be used in wireless networks is infrared light (IR). Infrared systems use
very high frequencies, which are those just under visible light, to transfer data. IR cannot pass
through dense objects. Therefore it must be used in line–of–sight or with diffused technology (Dean
2000). Line of sight, or directed, technologies have a very limited range, many times less than five
feet, and are very unrealistic for people who work in environments clustered with things which
would prevent line–of–sight between

The Role Of Network Equipment For Network Design Models
Introduction
Network designs have evolved from it early state to complex designs and features. The way we see
network has also change from a basic layout to sometimes complex and detailed layouts. Today
Cisco, an American multinational corporation that focuses on designing, manufacturing and selling
network equipment, has set the foundation of much of the knowledge of networking and is held has
one of the top networking companies. Example of Cisco's presence in network design models would
be their three–layer network design which includes the Access, Distribution, and Core layers.
Cisco's equipment is also held as one of the "top dog" in the Information Technology Networking
field. Cisco manufacture many different types of network equipment which can be break into two
major groups, commercial and residential. The main focus of this paper will be commercial
equipment and not residential level equipment. A major part of network today would be the wireless
side of the network due to the major increase in mobile device such as tables, smart phones, and
laptops. There are numerous portions of the wireless side of the network which includes the Wi–Fi
signal technology, the wireless access point's hardware, and the technology in uses to make the Wi–
Fi faster, reliably, and securer. There are several significant influences when considering a WAN
connections, these include but not limit to the purpose of the WAN, Traffic requirements, and the
geographic scope of the WAN. Before one

Wireless Networks : Wireless Network
WIRELESS NETWORKS
Wireless networks have become a major part in the operation of businesses and in people's lives.
Wireless networks can provide fast speed internet connections without having to use wired
connections. Businesses are doing much better with wireless networks because they don't have to
pay the costs of installing wired networks and people can work easier because they do not have
wires running all over the place. Now with wireless networks in place, businesses are able to
connect to their other branches and buildings within their area as well.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE 4: WIRELESS NETWORKS
PAGE 5: WIRELESS LANS
PAGE 6: PERSONAL AREA NETWORKS
PAGE 7: METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORKS
PAGE 8: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Wireless LANs are commonly used on college campuses and most laptops come equipped with
wireless LAN capabilities. They do not have any defined boundaries, which makes it hard for the
user to control the network traffic. Wireless LANs make it possible for people to use the internet
anywhere there is free and non–secured Wi–Fi. The ability to connect wirelessly is based on the
location of the access point. If a person is close to an access point, they can get a strong signal. If
they far, they can get a weak signal or no signal. Wireless LANs can be unreliable as well because of
weather, and the environment. There are many ways to implement Wireless LANs. They are
infrastructure BSS, independent BSS, ESS, and distribution system. The most common way is the
BSS. Wireless LANs have base stations that are connected to a wired infrastructure called access
points. The stations have to communication through the access point. They cannot communicate
directly. Independent BSS is more popular in military applications. Computenetworking.about.com
says, "The key hardware components of a wireless computer network include adapters, routers and
access points, antennas and repeaters."
Wireless LANs have to have wireless network adapters for every device that wants to connect to the
internet. The access points and routers use Wi–Fi antennas so that the communication range can
increase. A lot of businesses have been victims of data breaches

Computer Network Careers A computer network is any computer or group of computers that are
linked to another computer or systems of computers so they can communicate. There are several
careers that involve knowledge of computer networking. Each of these positions require a particular
set of skills. While the positions may sound the same, they are not. For example, the network
engineer manages and designs computer networks, upgrading them and tests their security while the
network administrator keeps the network running. The network analyst is responsible for supporting
the overall infrastructure of the computer network, writing software and other programs that are
needed. The information systems administrator is responsible for designing, delivering, and
maintaining the infrastructure that makes up the network, usually in an organization. The network
technician is the one who sets up the network, troubleshoots problems and services the network to
keep it running. The network information systems manager is responsible for the technicians,
administrators, analysists and engineers while also planning for the network into the future
(Computer Networking Majors Guide). The career that I would choose, at least for now, would be a
network technician because I like to build things and enjoy the hardware side of computing. There
are several skill sets that I need to perform this job. One of the required duties is to set up the
network hardware that the business needs. This includes

Wireless Network
Introduction Wireless network is indicated to a telecommunication network whose interconnections
between nodes are implemented without the use of wires, such a computer network. Nowadays,
wireless network has become the important thing in telecommunication. This sort of technology has
been used for over a century and remains synonymous with radio. In 19th century, Guglielmo
Marconi invented a radio and made his made his mark in the world of wireless technology. At that
moment, Marconi was about to produce detect radio waves from long distance. In 1896, the
Wireless Telegraph and Signal Company Limited was established and became the first radio actor in
the world. The first wireless signal was sent using Morse Code. Signals were received ... Show more
802.11a distribute a range of approximately 33 meters or about 100 feet. This standard uses much
frequency and high frequencies have their limitations. It does not break through the walls as good as
lower frequencies and they require need more energy to power the devices. The clarity of signal is
normally good and less interference than the other 802.11 standards. The cost for 802.11a is more
expensive than both 802.11b and 802.11g. However, it is very worth because it provides the great
speed. 802.11a is not compatible with other types of standard. The users have to have the Wi–Fi card
to receive the 802.11a signals.
2. 802.11b
802.11b is the type of standard that is less expensive, faster, and easier to use than the other kind of
standard. This technology includes a wireless router that is able to send radio signals over the air to
other computers or electronic devices. Generally, Wi–Fi router is connected to computer server or
broadband internet connection. 802.11b can distribute speeds up to 11 mega bytes per second. This
standard delivers a signal for about 50 meters (150 feet). The range depends on the area and
condition whether you are in an apartment building, having your router on another floor than your
computer or being in open area. 802.11b has the good signal because it has the lower frequencies, so
it will be able to move through the walls and other obstacle. The cost expended for this technology
is affordable.
3. 802.11g
802.11g uses a 2.4 to 2.5

Network Networks : The Basic Concept Of Network Convergence
Converged Networks: The basic concept of network convergence is to provide all the
communication services such as voice, video and data within a single network to achieve its goal of
delivering better services while lowering prices to consumers. There is a need for network
convergence, as one single pipe is used to deliver all the communication services that help in
regulating the overall network costs to a significant level. Both the users and service providers get
benefitted by the adoption of convergence. The users can access a huge range of services, where as
the service providers can benefit by entering into new markets. The network built on Ethernet allows
users to access their applications on servers and the network built on Fiber Channel enables those
servers to access huge amount of data on a storage network. The manufacturing cost and
maintenance of these two networks is very expensive and hence it would be more cost–efficient to
have just one network. So the converged network assures a highly scalable and a high–performance
network with consistent management tools that can handle both Ethernet and storage traffic.
Convergence is all about services and new ways of doing business as well as interacting with
society. There are various kinds of network convergences in progress. The basic type of network
convergence allows several types of networks to connect with each other following certain common
standard and protocol. The convergence in telecommunication

Physical Network Design : A Network Topology
I. Physical Network Design
A. Network Topology
Business Needs
UMUC management is in need of a reliable network that will be able to provide enough security of
their data and any intellectual property within the servers. Data loss or manipulation may be as a
result of data being intercepted during its transfer between computers. When a good network is
deployed, they believe that faster and secure data traffic will be maintained.
Proposed Topology
Star topology will be used to implement this structure of a network. In a star topology, every
computer is connected to the central switch that acts as the server. Any data set from the server
contains a destination address and is sent only to a particular node. The requirements of this network
are a switch, connecting wires, sockets, and the nodes/computers.
Justification
A star topology is very simple to implement in an organization and requires fewer cables usage. Star
topology is very first compared to other topologies since a packet is set to a particular destination
without passing through the other entire node. Sending of data to a particular node keeps the
network faster than the other topologies. When the switch fails or any node fails it is very easy to
establish the areas with fault hence easy to manage, Bejtlich [6].
B. Network Media
Business Needs
According to Sampath and Kalkunte [2], a network media refers to the path that electrical signals
use to move from one node to the other. UMUC requires a fast and smooth

Types Of Networks : Local Area Network
Types of networks: LAN– LAN means Local Area Network. It is a computer network that distances
quite a small area. It is mostly restricted to a room or a building etc. WLAN– WLAN means
Wireless Local Area Network. It is a wireless version of a LAN. It allows a mobile user to connect
to a local area network through a wireless connection. WAN– WAN means Wide Area Network.
They are mostly connected through public networks. For example: Telephone systems. It can also be
connected through satellites. WAN consists of two or more local area networks. MAN– MAN means
Metropolitan Area Network. It's a network that interrelates users with computer resources in a
specific area or a larger region than the amount covered by the LAN and smaller than the WAN.
PAN– PAN means Personal Area Network. It is the interconnection of IT devices within a specific
range of a person. It is most likely to be a range of 10 metres. This kind of network can become
wireless to the internet and other networks. Network topologies: Bus– This is once a private cable
joins all of the workstations, digital computer, printer and alternative elements along. At every finish
of the bus are some things referred to as a 'Terminator' this can be a hardware piece that prevents
signals bouncing forward and backwards. It's simple to put in and to feature additional workstations.
Ring– In a ring network layout, all the computers are connected to each another in a circle
formation. The data passes

Analysis Of ' The Movie ' Network '
"Right now, it's an industry dedicated to one thing. Profit." This quote by author, Paddy Chayefsky,
perfectly sums up the motives behind the movie "Network." From hiring soothsayers to risking a
man's mental heath for the sake of a successful television program, the characters in "Network" have
truly been blinded by fame and top ratings. This satire fiercely describes just how far a television
network will go to achieve such accomplishments. In the 1950's, television changed American
entertainment from showing sitcoms to serious news broadcasts. In the movie "Network," the setting
revolves around a news station, where the ratings are suffering and the workers are growing
desperate for attention. Television executive, Diana Christensen, is tirelessly racking her brain for
the next big hit, and her ideas are deemed crazy by more than just one coworker; however, in
desperation, her ideas are put to the test on live television. Even after news anchor, Howard Beale,
has a mental breakdown on camera, Christensen fights to keep him on the air because of the rising
success the network found in his entertaining yet uncontrollable rants about a failing society (Ebert).
Eventually, Christensen manages to secure Howard Beale's very own television series featuring a
soothsayer to predict future shows and Beale himself to demand people to take control of their lives.
Almost all of his shows ended in him falling flat on the ground from fainting; this reveals the toll
that the program is

Dish Network
Dish Network is a premier satellite television provider and is the second largest satellite provider
after DirecTV in the U.S. The target audience for the company is customers between the ages of 18–
40 who are in the market for an Internet service that comes with the Internet TV service and who are
willing to embrace new technology like the Hopper. Dish also targets different ethnic groups such as
Indian, by providing International channels, thereby, building emotional connections with a wider
audience.
Product – Dish Network primarily offers satellite television with various channel packages that
include International packages such as DishLATINO which offers Spanish programming. It also
offers high–speed internet service as well as provides bundling options which allow customers to
bundle services such as TV, Internet and phone packages for a lesser price. In order to appeal to the
technologically savvy customers, Dish implemented a new feature called ... Show more content on
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It offers multiple packages with prices ranging from $19.99 to $86.99 per month. Customers also
have the option to customize their package by adding international or sports channels to their
package for as low as $19.99 a month. Dish customers can save up to $420 a year when compared to
its competitor DirecTV. With competitors like Netflix and Hulu that offer lower prices are on the
rise, Dish should continue to maintain its competitive pricing strategy while offering products that
are cutting–edge and innovative.
Place – The Dish Network sells directly from the website or utilizes internal sales groups to sell its
products to the customers. The devices are then shipped to the customer through the mail and an
appointment is set up with a Dish technician to configure the device for the customer. The network
uses direct marketing techniques such as direct mail, telemarketing, direct response advertising and
the internet to target its

Wireless Sensor Networks : Computer Networks
Research paper Topic: Wireless Sensor Networks
Sridevi Veluru
CSCI – 570 – Advanced Computer Networks
Prof Mark McGinn 10/10/2016
Introduction
With the recent technological advancements of smaller sensor devices enabling ubiquitous sensing
capabilities and driven by the adoption of global standard technologies, Wireless Sensor networks
(WSN) are evolving as one of the most significant technologies of 21st century (Ruiz–Garcia,
Lunadei, Barreiro, & Robla, 2009). Though wired networks provide more stable and reliable
communication, sensor networks with dense wireless networks of small, low cost sensors collecting
and disseminating environment data has facilitated monitoring and controlling of physical
environments from remote locations with better accuracy. Moreover, with the unique characteristics
of flexibility, energy efficiency, distributed intelligence, low cost and most importantly with very
good monitoring capabilities Wireless sensor networks serve wide range of applications in various
fields such as remote environmental monitoring, home security, industry applications, military
purposes such as target tracking along with preparing a ubiquitous computing environment (Ruiz–
Garcia et al., 2009).
In this paper, I will mainly focus on analyzing and evaluating the current Wireless Sensor Networks
(WSN). This paper starts with an overview on fundamentals of wireless sensor networks, thus
providing the necessary background required for understanding their

The Discovery Of The Network Devices
1. Describe the steps you would take to determine the needs of the organization (the discovery of the
network devices)
As a consultant that was brought in to determine the needs of the organization, the primary starting
point is content discovery. The art of content discovery is to get an understanding of the business, its
network structure, organizational requirements and the resources that are available. Because the
number one rule in all problem solving manifests, is first to know and get an understand the
problem, the problem that you are tasked with or trying to solve.
Therefore, the first element of content discovery is to get an understanding of the organization. Who
is the company, what industry do they operate in, what services or products do they provide, what is
their mission statement, what are their daily operations, are many of the questions that needs to be
answered, often times before the job starts. The second element is to understand the organization
from an internal point of view. It starts with understanding the structure of the organization, getting
a high–level organization chart to help determine the divisional structure of the organization, their
communication methods, the Service Level Agreements that they have in place, and their
geographical profile in order to know whether there are additional sites in other regions. The next
step within the second element is to get the structure and technical level of local and remote IT
divisions, their

Network-Based Network Essay
1. Introduction
As the number of modules in Systems–on–Chip (SoCs) increases, bus based interconnection
architectures may prevent these systems to meet the performance required by many applications. For
systems with intensive parallel communicat–ion requirements buses may not provide the required
bandwidth, latency, and power consumption. A solution for such a communication bottleneck is the
use of an embedded switching network, called Network–on–Chip (NoC), to interconnect the
modules in SoCs. NoCs design space is considerably larger when compared to a bus–based solution,
as different routing and arbitration strategies can be implemented as well as different organizations
of the communication infrastructure.
A network–on–chip is composed of three main building blocks. The first and most important one are
the links that physically connect the nodes and actually implement the communication. The second
block is the router, which implements the communication protocol. The last building block is the
network adapter (NA) or network interface (NI). This block makes the logic connection between the
cores and the network, since each core may have a distinct interface protocol with respect to the
network.
A communication link is composed of a set of wires and connects two routers in the network. Links
may consist of one or more logical or physical channels and each channel is composed of a set of
wires. A NoC link has two physical channels making a full–duplex connection between

Network, Virtual Local Area Networks ( Vlans )
In the past, companies were hampered by the cost, performance, and security issues that are
associated with local area networks or LANs. LANs must be connected physically to switches
which means that each LAN must have its own switch (prtl.uhcl.edu, 2016, para. 13). The
virtualized version of the LANs, virtual local area networks (VLANs), allows users to invest in only
one switch (prtl.uhcl.edu, 2016, para. 13). The VLAN is used in a virtual data center environment to
separate a single LAN into more than one network while being physically connected to only one
switch. One advantage of VLANs is that network administrators can now sort devices by whatever
criteria they require without physical location being an issue. Different VLANs can be set for
different groups or departments within the same LAN. Performance is improved because, when the
LAN is broken up into VLANs, it is not receiving broadcasts from all of the devices (certbros.com,
2015, para. 4). Cost is decreased because separate physical switches are not required for VLANs. A
security benefit is provided because VLANs can be configured to accommodate the different
security levels needed, and the administrator can choose whether or not to allow the VLANs to
communicate with each other (certbros.com, 2015, para. 6). VRFs Virtualization is also used in the
data center to acquire more routing instances without acquiring more hardware (Santana, 2014. P.
90). This technology is known as Virtual Routing and

Network Analysis : Network And Network
The physical and logical mapping network scans will utilize network seed devices, which provide
the largest amount of network propagation with the least impact on network performance. Once the
network seed devices have been selected, network topology mapping software will be configured to
directly communicate with the selected network devices utilizing SNMP. Once SNMP
communication has been established, SolarWinds Network Topology Mapper software will begin
"walking" the Management Information Bases of selected seed devices to locate network routes,
CDP and LLDP neighbor information. Network propagation will then take place via seed device
routing tables and neighbor device information. The SolarWinds Network Topology Mapper must
also be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The security best practices audit will produce a comprehensive security audit report. The
comprehensive security audit report will require several objectives be met including Nmap
Vulnerability scans, end device risk assessment and manual audit of network device configurations.
The Enterprise Network Engineer will assign a Network Technician team member the task of
completing network scans and end–device risk assessments; however, the Enterprise Network
Engineer will be responsible for scan software configurations. The Enterprise Network Engineer
will be responsible for writing all expressions utilized for Nmap Vulnerability and end–point risk
assessment. The Network Technician team member will compile all data in preparation of the
comprehensive security audit report. To complete the comprehensive security audit objective of
manual configuration review several tasks must be completed including the configuration of an SCP
and TFTP server, download of configurations for network devices, comparison of configurations
and review of current configurations. The Enterprise Network Engineer will configure both an SCP
and TFTP server for use during the security best practices audit. The SCP server will be the primary
unit responsible upload and download of configuration files, while the TFTP server will be utilized
for devices, which do not support SCP, providing a secondary method of file transfer. The Enterprise
Network Engineer will utilize the

Network Virtualization And The Virtual Network Essay
Nick Dispenza Research Paper Professor Lee Overview Network Virtualization Network
virtualization is a technology, which enables combining computer network resources into a single
platform appearing as a single network. In this form of virtualization, all hardware and software in
the virtual network appear as a single collection of resource. The goal of network virtualization is to
provide systems and users with efficient, controlled, and secure sharing of the networking resources.
The product of network virtualization is the virtual network. Virtual networks are classified into two
broad types, external and internal. External virtual networks consist of several local networks that
are administered by software as a single entity. The building blocks of classic external virtual
networks are switch hardware and virtual local area network (VLAN) software technology.
Examples of external virtual networks include large corporate networks and data centers. An internal
virtual network consists of one system using virtual machines or zones whose network interfaces are
configured over at least one physical NIC. Those network interfaces are called virtual network
interface cards or virtual NICs (VNICs). These containers can communicate with each other as
though they were on the same local network, effectively becoming a virtual network on a single
host. How is network virtualization similar to server virtualization? Well, for one thing they are very
similar conceptually. On a

Network Consultation Scheme : Suitable Network Design
Network Consultation Scheme
Student's Name
University Affiliation
Network Consultation Scheme Suitable Network Design
Many of the companies face hardship when it comes to the careful selection of a network design.
However, the company must select an efficient kind of network type. The design must conform to
the merchandize involved in the transaction even if they are produced by the different companies. It
is because, merchandises that happen to be in the same level, will be regulated and controlled
similarly. Smaller businesses does not necessarily need to get assistance from a much bigger IT
department. For such like an organization, a perfect network design is required to be up front all ...
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It is often from one source to another. This type of layer is also known to be executing various
significant functions within the system. The major roles includes complex channeling roles. To some
point, they are also capable to accomplish destruction of bad files within the system, while they also
assemble together information and direct it to the relevant applications to solve them.
LAN and Wireless LAN (WLAN) Wiring Considerations.
It is appropriate for an organization to have an idea on the basic functioning and installation of the
LAN and Wireless LAN (WLAN) Wiring Considerations. Focusing on the wireless LANs, they are
often the hosts into which the WLANs are connected to. In the process of their installation and
maintenance, various processes are involved that include antenna policy, rate of recurrence of the
frequencies and the communicating transmitters (Kahmen et. al., 2008).
Focusing onto the WLAN Notions and Constituents, we already have got the basic idea on the
wireless devices. Ranging from notebooks to smart phones, each and every device has got an in–
built wireless card slot. It enables the gadget to be able to operate on a WLAN wiring consideration.
In certain instances, enterprises and organizations are set up in search a way that the host is not
directly attached to the device being used (Janevski, 2003). It is often stationed at a particular place
in the office and from it, data can be transmitted to

The Network And The Internet / External Network
As you can see in the diagram a Duel–Homed Gateway Host is placed between the internal network
and the internet/ external network. A duel–homed host can router packets between the two networks
that are connected, but usually this function is disabled making it so neither of the two networks can
not communicate with each other, but can communicate with the duel–homed host. However, the
duel–homed host can see network traffic that goes across both internal and external network. A
dual–homed host can provide services only by proxying them, or by having users log into the dual–
homed host directly (O'Reilly Building Firewalls [10]). Duel–homed Firewall architectures is used
when traffic to the internet is small and it is not business critical. Also it is used when the network
being protected does not contain extremely valuable data. Another firewall architecture that is used
in today's networks is the Screened Host Architecture. It is also called the Screen Host Gateway. A
screened host architecture provides services from a host that 's attached to only the internal network,
using a separate router (O'Reilly Building Firewalls). The primary Security feature that is provided
with this architecture is packet filtering which is done by the screening routers used. This type of
architecture uses a screening router (like in a single–box host), but also uses something called a
"bastion host" (O'Reilly Building Firewalls). The bastion host is going to sit on the internal network
and

Computer Network : A Network
Computer network:
A computer network is interconnection of more computing systems and their hardwares for storing
and transmitting the data. These networks can be connected either wires or wireless. Connecting the
systems without wires is called wireless technology.
Connecting the computers , laptops , printers and gaming devices comes under computer network
Person Area Network:
Person area network is a computer network connecting the devices within the environment of an
individual person. Personal area network typically includes devices like laptops, mobiles, gadgets
and other personal digital assistants.
Local area network:
Connecting the networks within limited areas such as schools, hotels, buildings using network
medium are called local area networks. This networks constitute a little geographical area . The data
transfer rate is very high and reliable in these networks
Metropolitan Area Network:
The network which connecting the devices to a larger area like small towns covering area up to 50
km called metropolitan area networks. These networks are high speed networks that interconnect
businesses with other businesses and the internet.
Wide area network:
The network consisting relatively large geographical area and linking states , countries and the
world are wide area networks. These networks are often connected through public telephones and
they can be connected through satellites
Data communications: Data communication refers to exchanging the data between

Network Performance Tools For Network
In this present time, wide range of network performance tools are available. These tools are very
helpful for network administrator to check out the changes in the traffic over the network. However,
network performance tools upsurge so it becomes very difficult to find out the appropriate tool.
Whereas in this paper we worked on various network performance tools and find out the different
metrics with various network performance tools. After manipulating different tools we evaluate
these tools and find out which tool suits best over the others. By figuring out their main attributes,
strengths and flaws. Keywords Performance Evaluation, Benchmarks, Network Monitoring, Traffic
Generation. Network communication is an increasing phenomenon as associated technologies are
improving. This is very important in the all aspects of life. In present time, there is a lot of traffic
over various kind of networks. Due to this, the network performance gets compromised. There are
wide range of network performance and traffic generation tools available and these are very useful
for the network administrator. With the help of these tools, they can monitor and test network
performance. However, it is not an easy task to find an appropriate tool and start checking
performance related attributes. It is like looking for a needle in a haystack due to the large number of
availability of these tools. It is very difficult to find tools that are suitable with desired
characteristics and features.

Computer Networks And The Network System
The world is full of technology, in this ever growing world this technology needs to be connected.
Everything is interconnected through the internet nowadays. The internet is the connection of
assorted computer networks through a series of service providers and businesses. In order to create
these networks, there needs to be devices known as routers, switches and firewalls. These devices
have some very well–known vendors, such as, Cisco and Juniper. Juniper uses an operating system
called Junos. Junos OS is a great network operating system because of its modularity and it's unique
and hierarchical configuration style. The operating system is very popular among many Information
technology companied and service providers. Junos is a great ... Show more content on
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Ciarlone say in a statement "One of the first things that Juniper realized was that, due to Cisco 's
monolithic pricing, smaller businesses were being shut out of high–end networking almost entirely"
(Ciarlone). He goes on to say that using Juniper products are great for small to medium sized
networks. Cisco has moved up to higher tier networking and thus their equipment has upped in price
as well (Ciarlone). Juniper is aimed at not only the big networking side but also heavily caters to the
small scale network side. The devices range in different tiers of price and ability. The biggest
difference has to be the price in the products. The price of a product can make or break a company's
network infrastructure; not all companies can budget themselves for the greatest network
infrastructure. Jim Duffy compares and contrasts these two networking giants and points out many
differences, Jim goes on to quote Jeff Doyle, the president of IP consultancy Jeff Doyle and
Associates saying "The reality is, IOS is pretty old. [JUNOS] was architecturally designed
differently. It 's more modern and modular, meaning bug fixes are easier and functional failures tend
to be not as impactual as they are with as IOS." (Duffy). The modularity of Junos is what makes it a
cut above the rest. Junos has a modular OS, Junos uses separate module to do the specified

Telecomunication Management Network and Network Management...
What is FCAPS? FCAPS is a telecommunication management network and network management
software (NMS). FCAPS is an acronym that stands for its five network management categories. F
stands for Fault Management, C stands for Configuration Management, A stands for Accounting, P
stands Performance management, and S stands for Security Management. When it comes to
Networking and providing internet as a service, availability and performance are required. With
FCAPS model of NMS, this ensures that the uptime and performance are always giving their full
potential. FCAPS set the requirement of how their network should be modeled after. The networks
downtime must be put to a minimum to ensure an avoidance of revenue loss. If the network is down,
work ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The second in FCAPS category is Configuration Management. For the network to perform how it is
supposed to perform, it first needs to be configured to do so. The main goals of Configuration
Management is to gather and store information to obtains from other connected network devices,
track any changes made to any device configuration, simplify configuration, establish a path through
non–switched networks, and to plan for any future expansion. The network is not always static so
when adding or removing devices, the network admin or engineer may need to do this manually.
Managing the devices on the network is very important because many issues may arise as a result of
changes being made to the configuration files or the hardware itself. The third FCAPS category is
Accounting Management. This management is responsible for gathering usage statistics from users.
It tracks the network utilization information from individual users, individual departments, and
business units. And with the information gathered, they can be billed or charged appropriately. In
Accounting Management, the IT department is the one that is considered a cost center that
accumulates the revenue according to resource utilization. For networks that aren't billed, the
Accounting Management changes to Administration Management. Administration Management is
responsible for setting authorization to users, passwords and security permission. It also manages
the

Network Diagrams : A Network Diagram
Network Diagram:
A network diagram is a graphical representation of any network, it's a small structure of computers
and network devices (routers, modem, Ethernet etc.) It is a sequence of steps. This network diagram
represents setting up a Web Server with DMZ in an existing network. Network Diagram
Explanation:
Internet service provider (ISP) provides a public IP address, which is given to a modem. A router
connected to modem gets this public IP address through Ethernet cable into its WAN port and router
's NAT (network address translator) and DHCP server provide private IP addresses through routers
LAN port to all devices connected to them.
For Example in above diagram ISP provides IP Address 71.235.67.120 to the modem and router 's ...
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 Install VI or VIM editor to run commands to install other Software on Ubuntu machine.
 Install and configure the Apache Web server on Ubuntu Linux operating system.
Apache is the most popular web server which is open source, free to download and can serve both
static and dynamic content. This makes it the best choice of hosting a website. Once Ubuntu is
installed the command line tool would be used to install Apache.
 Install MySQL (a database server) to provide the capability to store content.
MySQL is an open source relational database management system. It is one of the most popular
databases and delivers reliable, high performance web–based and embedded database applications.
It is scalable and flexible and used by large corporations. It is known for its performance, cross
platform compatibility, cost and security. Database system would provide access to database to store
and organize site data and information. Once Ubuntu is installed the command line tool would be
used to install MySQL.
 Install PHP (server–side language) to provide the capability to create dynamic content.
PHP is a server side scripting language which can be used to develop web applications. The PHP
database connection script connects to MySQL database to store and retrieve website information.
The generated content would be passed to the web server for display to the user. Once

Network Topologies And The Network

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