A Modem is somewhat a more interesting network device in our daily life. So if you have noticed around, you get an internet connection through a wire (there are different types of wires) to your house. This wire is used to carry our internet data outside to the internet world. However, our computer generates binary data or digital data in forms of 1s and 0s and on the other hand, a wire carries an analog signal and that’s where a modem comes in. A modem stands for (Modulator+Demodulator). That means it modulates and demodulates the signal between the digital data of a computer and the analog signal of a telephone line. CONTACT INFORMATION Network Data #3A,3rd floor, Sri Gem plaza, Sankaranpillai street, S.R.C college road Near Chatram Bus Stand, Trichy -620002 Phone: +91 80721 11436, +91 80567 75503 hkumarasamy@gmail.com http://www.networkdata.in

1. NETWORK DATA
CCNA INTRODUCTION
CCNA (Cisco Certified Network
Associate) is an information
technology (IT) certification from
Cisco. CCNA certification is an
associate-level Cisco Career
certification. CCNA (Cisco
Certified Network Associate) is a
category of technical certifications
offered by Cisco for early-career
networking professionals.
The CCNA is the second level of
accreditation, one step above Cisco
Certified Entry Networking
Technician (CCENT) and directly
below the CCNP (Cisco Certified Network Professional). Cisco offers five Cisco Career
Certification programs and levels of accreditation: Entry, Associate, Professional, Expert and
Architect.
Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) validates the ability to install, configure, operate,
and troubleshoot medium-size route and switched networks, including implementation and
verification of connections to remote sites in a WAN. CCNA curriculum includes basic
mitigation of security threats, introduction to wireless networking concepts and terminology, and
performance-based skills. This new curriculum also includes (but is not limited to) the use of
these protocols: IP, Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP), Serial Line Interface
Protocol Frame Relay, Routing Information Protocol Version 2 (RIPv2), VLANs, Ethernet,
access control lists (ACLs). Network Data by providing high quality training ensures that our
candidate will perform better in any job interview, due to the amount of knowledge they possess
it makes them join in dream comes true job. We welcome you to join us and become an expert in
technology.

2. CCNA Out Comes
TCP IP
OSI Reference Model
IP Address Class a b c
Router
Introduction to IPV6
Firewall Basic
Access Points Basic
Wireless Controller
Access Layer / Distribution Layer / Core Layer
Straight Cable Cross Cable
SNMP
IP Addressing and Subneting
Unicaste, Broad Caste & Multi Caste
Hub Bridge Switch
Duplex Speed
Access Port Trunk Port
VLan
Stp, bpdu, root bridge
PVST RSTP
Port fast
Load Balancing : PAGP LACP
Qos Modular
Policing
Shaping

3. Priority queue
Administrative distance
Route on a Stick
SVI
Distance Vector Routing protocols :rip
Link State Routing Protocols : ospf
Eigrp
Path Vector : BGP
Static Route, Default Route.
Redistribution
NAT, DHCP, DNS
Access List : Standard,extended,named.
Point to Point Link
MPLS Link
VPN
Site To Site VPN
Cisco redesigned the CCNA program in 2013 to offer the certification in various subspecialties
related to networking. For example, the CCNA Cloud certification focuses on the skills required
for cloud networking, while the CCNA Wireless certification validates an individual's
competence in wireless local area networks (WLANs).
CCNA certificates are available in the following ten areas: cloud, collaboration, cybersecurity
operations, data center, design, industrial/IoT, routing and switching, security, service provider
and wireless.
A CCNA Wireless certification will validate your ability to configure, implement and support
wireless LANs using Cisco equipment. Join that growing number of IT professionals who can

4. manage a wireless LAN configuration across all access points by becoming CCNA Wireless
certified.
The CCNA routing and switching category is the most similar to the pre-2013 CCNA program.
A CCNA routing and switching certification covers the fundamentals of enterprise networking,
including LAN switching, IP addressing, routing, subnetting and more. It assesses an individual's
ability to deploy, configure, manage and troubleshoot enterprise networks. In 2016, Cisco
updated the CCNA routing and switching certification to place more emphasis on software-
defined networking (SDN), network-based analytics and network functions virtualization (NFV).
As Enterprises migrate toward controller based architectures, the role and skills required of a
core network engineer are evolving and more vital than ever. To prepare for this network
transition, the CCNA Routing and Switching certification will not only prepare you with the
knowledge of foundational technologies, but ensure you stay relevant with skill sets needed for
the adoption of next generation technologies.
The Cisco exams have changed several times. In 2013, Cisco announced an update to its
certification program that "aligns certification and training curricula with evolving industry job
roles."There are now several different types of Cisco-Certified Network Associate, with "CCNA
Routing and Switching" being closest to the original CCNA focus.
To achieve CCNA Routing and Switching certification, one must earn a passing score on Cisco
exam #200-125, or combined passing scores on both the "Interconnecting Cisco Network
Devices" ICND1 #100-105 and ICND2 #200-105 exams. Passing the ICND1 grants one the
Cisco Certified Entry Networking Technician (CCENT) certification. Passing scores are set by
using statistical analysis and are subject to change. At the completion of the exam, candidates
receive a score report along with a score breakout by exam section and the passing score for the
given exam. Cisco does not publish exam passing scores because exam questions and passing
scores are subject to change without notice.
The 200-125 CCNA is the composite exam associated with the Cisco Certified Network
Associate Routing & Switching certification. This exam tests a candidate's knowledge and skills
required to install, operate, and troubleshoot a small to medium size enterprise branch network.
The topics include connecting to a WAN; implementing network security; network types;

5. network media; routing and switching fundamentals; the TCP/IP and OSI models; IP addressing;
WAN technologies; operating and configuring IOS devices; extending switched networks with
VLANs; determining IP routes; managing IP traffic with access lists; establishing point-to-point
connections; and establishing Frame Relay connections
To receive the CCNA certification, one must pass either:
Certifications No Longer Offered
The ICND1 Exam (100-101) and the ICND2 Exam (200-101)
The combined CCNA Exam (200-120)
New Certifications
The ICND1 Exam (100-105) and the ICND2 Exam (200-105)
The combined CCNA Exam (200-125)
NETWORKING
Networking hardware, also known as
network equipment or computer
networking devices, are physical
devices which are required for
communication and interaction
between devices on a computer
network. Specifically, they mediate
data in a computer network. Units
which are the last receiver or
generate data are called hosts or data
terminal equipment.
Networking devices may include
gateways, routers, network bridges, modems, wireless access points, networking cables, line
drivers, switches, hubs, and repeaters; and may also include hybrid network devices such as
multilayer switches, protocol converters, bridge routers, proxy servers, firewalls, network
address translators, multiplexers, network interface controllers, wireless network interface
controllers, ISDN terminal adapters and other related hardware.

6. The most common kind of networking hardware today is a copper-based Ethernet adapter which
is a standard inclusion on most modern computer systems. Wireless networking has become
increasingly popular, especially for portable and handheld devices.
Other networking hardware used in computers includes data center equipment (such as file
servers, database servers and storage areas), network services (such as DNS, DHCP, email, etc.)
as well as devices which assure content delivery.
Taking a wider view, mobile phones, PDAs and even modern coffee machines may also be
considered networking hardware. As technology advances and IP-based networks are integrated
into building infrastructure and household utilities, network hardware will become an ambiguous
term owing to the vastly increasing number of "network capable" endpoints.
LAN
"local area network"
Is a group of computers and associated devices that share a common communications line or
wireless link and typically share the resources of a single processor or server within a small
geographic area (for example, within an office building).
Usually, the server has applications and data storage that are shared in common by multiple
computer users.
A local area network may serve as few as two or three users (for example, in a home network) or
many as thousands of users.
MODEM
A Modem is somewhat a more interesting network device in our daily life. So if you have
noticed around, you get an internet connection through a wire (there are different types of wires)
to your house. This wire is used to carry our internet data outside to the internet world.
However, our computer generates binary data or digital data in forms of 1s and 0s and on the
other hand, a wire carries an analog signal and that’s where a modem comes in.
A modem stands for (Modulator+Demodulator). That means it modulates and demodulates the
signal between the digital data of a computer and the analog signal of a telephone line.

7. SWITCH
Split large networks into small segments, decreasing the number of users sharing the same
network resources and bandwidth. Understands when two devices want to talk to each other, and
gives them a switched connection Helps prevent data collisions and reduces network congestion,
increasing network performance.
Most home users get very little, if any, advantage from switches, even when sharing a broadband
connection.
Resides on Layer 2 of the OSI model
BRIDGE
Connects two LANs and forwards or filters data packets between them.
Creates an extended network in which any two workstations on the linked LANs can share data.
Transparent to protocols and to higher level devices like routers.
Forward data depending on the Hardware (MAC) address, not the Network address (IP).
Resides on Layer 2 of the OSI model.
REPEATER
Used to boost the signal between two cable segments or wireless access points.
Can not connect different network architecture.
Does not simply amplify the signal, it regenerates the packets and retimes them.
Resides on Layer 1 of the OSI model.
ROUTER
A device that connects any number of LANs.
Uses standardized protocols to move packets efficiently to their destination.
More sophisticated than bridges, connecting networks of different types (for example, star and
token ring)
Forwards data depending on the Network address (IP), not the Hardware (MAC) address.

8. Routers are the only one of these four devices that will allow you to share a single IP address
among multiple network clients.
Resides on Layer 3 of the OSI model.
Additional Network Hardware Devices
Network Interface Cards (NICs)
Puts the data into packets and transmits packet onto the network.
May be wired or wireless.
Gateway
Connects networks with different protocols like TCP/IP network and IPX/SPX networks.
Routers and Gateways often refer to the same device.
Proxy server
Isolates internal network computers from the internet.
The user first access the proxy server and the proxy server accesses the internet and retrieves the
requested web page or document. The user then gets a copy of that page from the proxy server.
CONTACT INFORMATION
Network Data
#3A,3rd floor, Sri Gem plaza,
Sankaranpillai street,
S.R.C college road
Near Chatram Bus Stand,
Trichy -620002
Phone: +91 80721 11436, +91 80567 75503
hkumarasamy@gmail.com
http://www.networkdata.in