Parts of eye in Ayurveda with co-relation of human eye - Netra bhagas

2. "मण्ड्लानि च सन्धिंश्च पटलानि च लोचिे।"
यथा क्रमिं विजािीयात् पिंच षट् च षडेि च॥
(सु.उ.१/१४)
Accord. to dalhana ,
"लोचिे मण्डडला्य्ताि् स्धीिंश्च पटलानि च।"
जािीयात् क्रमशः पिंच चतुरः षट् षडेि च॥
नयन is made up of मण्डल , संन्धि and पटल and they are
explained from outwards to inwards in the order of :-
5 मण्डला
6 संन्धि
6 पटल

3.  The term मण्डडल is used to describe visible
parts of the eye .This sanskrit word is derived
from the root - म् आिेष्टेिे to cover a
circular field with the suffix 'कल ्च्' which
literally mean covering a circular structure .
Various parts appear like circles , when eye is
opened.

4.  The 5 मण्डलाs are :
1.पक्ष्म मण्डडल : circle of eyelashes
2. िर्तमम मण्डडल : circle of eyelids
3. शुक्ल मण्डडल : circle of bulbar conjunctiva and sclera (white
portion)
4. क्रु ष्ण मण्डडल : circle of cornea (black portion)
5. द्रुष्टी मण्डडल : circle of vision
They are arranged in concentric circles .
वर्तमममण्डल consists of ऊर्धव वम and अिो वर्तमम.

5. "पक्ष्माणण िर्तममरोमाणण।"(मा.नि.५९/९७ : मधुकोश)
The word 'paksma' refers to eye lashes.They are
situated in the lid margins called पक्ष्माशय / पक्ष्म
सदन . पक्ष्म is form of के श and considered as
उपिातु of मज्ज.
"के शा मज्जोपधातुः।" (दीवपका , शाङ्र्गधर-प्रथम ५/१०)

6.  The normal direction is always projecting
outwards, whereas, if this is altered, inner
structures will be badly hurt as in पक्ष्म कोप. They
are arranged like garland.
 पक्ष्मकोप, पक्ष्माशत , पक्ष्मोपरोध and क्रक्रममग्रन्थ
are the diseases affecting pakshma mandala .The
eye lashes are joined with eyelids by पक्ष्म-िर्तममगत
सिंधी. The diseases of पक्ष्म मण्डडल spread into
िर्तमममण्डडल and can manifest as िर्तममगत रोग.

7. िर्तमम or eye lid is also called as 'अक्षि कोश'(covering of the eye)
considering its protective function.
"अक्षिकोशेशु तरुणानि।"(सु.शा.५/२०)
"द्िौ िर्तमममण्डडलयोिेत्राशयौ स्धौ।"(सु.शा.५/२६)
The external muscles of eyelid are the part of mandala pesi.
There is 1 स्िायु which is of प्रुथु type.There is a तरुणानस्थ in the eyelids.
The movement of the eye lid is regulated by 'निमेश उ्मेश मसरा'. िर्तमम is
firmly held attached to the eye by सन्ध ब्धि.

8.  दोश of वर्तमममण्डल:-
It is a muscular organ of pruthvi mahabhutha predominance
and स्थननक दोश is कफ.
कफ provides stability to vartma .

9. Also called as मसत /श्िेतमण्डडल.
 It is the visible white portion of the eye .It is
कफ predominant due to presence of jala
mahabhutha - मसतिं जलात ्।
 The sthira,snigdha and guru gunas of kapha provides
shape and stability to the eyeball through sukla
mandala.
 This mandala includes bulbar conjunctiva and sclera.

10. "िातार्तक्रु ष्णम ्।"(सु.उ.१/११)
It is predominant with vata & tejo
mahabhutha.
It includes cornea and part of iris ,its
dimension is 1/3rd of total visible area of the
eye - 'िेत्रायामत्रत्रभागिं तु
क्रु ष्णमण्डडलमुछ्यते।'(सु.उ.१/१३)

11. This mandala is responsible forVisual perception .
"क्रु ष्णात ् सप्तमममच्छ्छ््ती द्रुनष्टिं
द्रुनष्टविशारदाः।"(सु.उ.१/१३).
It is 1/7th part of क्रु ष्ण मण्डडल .
According to सु.उ.७/३-४.
"मसुरदलमात्र ्िं तिं पिंचभुतप्रसादजाम्।। ...........................
३-४"
Dristi is the size of a cotylidon of lentil , born from the
essence of panchamahabhuthas , resembles spark of fire -
'तेजोमभरव्ययेः' , eneveloped by the outer layer of the eye –
आव्रुता पटलेिाक्ष्णोबामह्येि वििराक्रु नतम्।
in the form of hollow and accustomed to comfort by cold.

13. CELLS OF RETINA-THAT IS.,
RODS AND CONESTHAT HELP IN
COLOREDVISUAL PERCEPTION

14.  It is the junctional area of िेत्र मण्डडलाs

15.  "पक्ष्मिर्तममगतः सिंधधः िर्तममशुक्लगतोऽपरः ।"
शुक्ल क्रु ष्णगतस्र्ति्यः क्रु ष्णद्रुनष्टगतोऽपरः।
ततः किीिकगतः षष्टश्चापाङ्गः स्रुतः॥ (सु.उ.१/१६)
 They are 6 in number:
1. पक्ष्म िर्तममगतसिंधध : Lid margin i.e., junction between
पक्ष्म and िर्तमम मण्डडल i.e., eyelashes and eyelids.
2. िर्तममशुक्लगतसिंधध : Fornix - the junction of िर्तमम and
शुक्ल मण्डडल i.e., bulbar conjunctiva and lids.

16.  3.शुक्लक्रु ष्णगतस ्िंधध : Limbus - the junction of cornea and
sclera i.e., sclerocorneal junction and it is of surgical
importance - because 3 structures fold inward and join
i.e., conjunctiva , sclers , cornea.

17.  4. क्रु ष्णद्रुनष्टगतसिंधध : pupillary margin / margin of eyelids
which is variable in size.

18. 5.किीनिक सिंधध : Medial canthus - the junction of 2eyelids
at nasal side of the eye .
Accord.to डल्हण , he calls it as िासासमीपनस्थत सिंधध.
6. अपाङ्गसिंधध : lateral / outer canthus i.e., the junction of
2 eyelids at temporal side .
Accord.to डल्हण, he calls it as भ्रुपुच्छ्चान्र्तस्थतसिंधध.

19. The word 'patala' literally mean a thin
membrane or coat .There are 6 पटलाs .
Among them 2 are बाह्य पटल called as िर्तमम
पटल and 4 are situated inside - अक्षिपटल.
"द्िे िर्तममपटले विध्यात चर्तिायम्यनि
चाक्षिणण।"
जायते नतममरिं येषु व्याधधः प्रमदारुणः ॥
(सु.उ.१/१७)
पटला meansTunics of the eye or the
Refractive medias of the eye .There are 6
पटलाs expalined in our classics and diseases
such as नतममर , काच , मलङ्गिाश occurs in
these patalas which causes much difficulty
to the patients and gradually the person will
lose the vision .

20. "तेजो जलाधितिं बाह्यिं तेष्ि्यत् वपमशताधितम्।"
मेदस्त्रुतीयिं पटलमाधितिं र्तिनस्थचापरम ् ।
पिंचमािंशसमिं द्रुष्टेतेषािं बाहुल्यममष््ते ॥
(सु.उ.१/१८-१९)
1. प्रथम पटल : तेजो-जलाधित.
2.द्ववतीय पटल : वपमशताधित / मािंसाधित.
3.त्रुतीय पटल : मेदाधित.
4.चतुथम पटल : अस््याश्रित.
There thickness is 1/5th of द्रुनष्टमण्डडल.

21.  1.तेजो-जलाधित –
The first patala is formed ofTejas and Jala.The
suklamandala is the derivative of jala mahabhutha
and the krushna mandala has its origin in tejo
mahabhutha . From outside to inside the : Sclera ,
conjunctiva , cornea can be taken as one layer or even
Cornea and aqueous humor can be considered .The
can be first Refractive media for visual perception.
Cornea does 75% of refraction .

22. 2.वपमशताधित / मािंसाधित :
 The second patala is formed by mamsa dhathu i.e., the
iris which helps for regulating the amount of light
from entering into the amount of light from entering
into the eyeball by contraction and dialatation . Can
be compared to Iris(contracts and dialates so acts as a
refractive medium) , Ciliary body , Choroid.

23.  3.मेदाधित - The third patala is formed from medas i.e., can
be compared to viterous humour which is a jelly like
substance and helps in refraction of light by maintaining
the eleptical ovoid shape of the eye only through which
refraction can occur.

24. 4.अस््याधित - The fourth patala is formed by
asthi may be corelated to lens where काच and
मलङ््िाश occur , but according to some
acharyas retina is also considered as it is
attched to bony orbit and other neurological
structures like optic nerve and रुपग्रहण takes
place through this patala.

26. Hence , eyes are made up of Mandalas , sandhis
and patalas .
And its our responsibility to treasure the god’s
irreplacable beautiful gift.
“Eyes are windows that open to soul and
happiness”

27. THANK YOU