The document discusses the structure and function of the nervous system. It describes the peripheral nervous system, which connects to skeletal muscles and contains the somatic and autonomic systems. The central nervous system contains the brain and spinal cord. Neurons are the basic functional units that transmit nerve impulses, while neuroglial cells provide physical and metabolic support. There are three main types of neurons - unipolar, bipolar and multipolar - classified based on the number of processes. Synapses are specialized junctions where neurons communicate with each other or effector cells through electrical or chemical transmission.

1. NERVOUS
TISSUE
N E R V O U S T I S S U E

2. P E R I P H E R A L
N E R V O U S
S Y S T E MN E R V O U S
S Y S T E M
C E N T R A L
N E R V O U S
S Y S T E M

3. Peripheral
Nervous
System
- Serving motor impulses exclusively to skeletal muscles of the body via a single
neuron.
S o m a t i c N e r v o u s S y ste m
• Sensory (afferent) components-
which perceive a stimulus and
transmit it to higher centers for
processing.
• Motor (efferent) components-
which originate in either the
brain or the spinal cord and
transmit a motor nerve impulse
to an effector organ.
A u t o n o m i c N e r v o u s S y ste m
- Serving motor impulses to cardiac muscle, smooth muscles, and glands via a
two neuron system with an autonomic ganglion interposed between the
preganglionic neuron originating from the CNS and the postganglionic neuron
originating in the autonomic ganglion.

4. DEVELOPMENT OF
NERVOUS TISSUE
N E U R O N S
- a r e f u n c t i o n a l n e r v e c e l l s , t h e y a r e
r e s p o n s i b l e f o r c o n v e y i n g i n f o r m a t i o n t o a n d
a w a y f r o m t h e C N S .
NERVOUS
SYSTEM CELLS
N E U R O G L I A L C E L L S
- p r o v i d e p h y s i c a l a n d m e t a b o l i c
s u p p o r t f o r t h e n e u r o n s .

5. S T R U C T U R E A N D F U N C T I O N
O F N E U RO NS
C e l l b o d y - h o u s e s t h e n u c l e u s , a s w e l l a s v a r i o u s
o r g a n e l l e s . I t i s a l s o c a l l e d s o m a .
D e n d r i t e s - r e c e i v e s s t i m u l i o r i g i n a t i n g i n s i d e a n d
o u t s i d e o f t h e b o d y w h i c h t h e y t r a n s m i t a s i m p u l s e
t o w a r d t h e c e l l b o d y .
A x o n - a l o n g , s l e n d e r p r o j e c t i o n o f a n e r v e c e l l o r
n e u r o n , t h a t t y p i c a l l y c o n d u c t s e l e c t r i c a l i m p u l s e s
a w a y f r o m t h e n e u r o n ’ s b o d y .
NEURONS

6. NEURON
CLASSIFICATION
U n i p o l a r n e u r o n s - o r ( p s e u d o u n i p o l a r n e u r o n s )
l o c a t e d i n t h e d o r s a l r o o t g a n g l i o n a n d s o m e
g a n g l i a o f t h e c r a n i a l n e r v e s . I t i s t h e m o s t
c o m m o n t y p e o f s e n s o r y n e u r o n a n d p o s s e s s
o n l y o n e p r o c e s s i n t h e c e l l b o d y .
B i p o l a r n e u r o n s - a r e f o u n d i n t h e o l f a c t o r y
e p i t h e l i u m a n d i n t h e g a n g l i a o f t h e
v e s t i b u l o c o c h l e a r n e r v e . T h e y p o s s e s s t w o
p r o c e s s e s - a d e n d r i t e a n d a n a x o n .
M u l t i p o l a r n e u r o n s - a r e u b i q u i t o u s , a r e
g e n e r a l l y m o t o n e u r o n s a n d a r e l o c a t e d i n t h e
s p i n a l c o r d a n d i n t h e c e r e b r a l a n d c e r e b e l l a r
c o r t i c e s . T h e y p o s s e s s e s s e v e r a l d e n d r i t e s a n d
o n e a x o n .

7. U s u a l l y r e f e r r e d t o s i m p l y a s g l i a l c e l l s o r g l i a - a r e
q u i t e d i f f e r e n t f r o m n e r v e c e l l s . T h e y a r e a t l e a s t
1 0 t i m e s m o r e a b u n d a n t t h a n n e u r o n s a n d t h e y
c a n n o t t r a n s m i t n e r v e i m p u l s e s t h e y h a v e t h e
e s s e n t i a l f u n c t i o n o f p r o v i d i n g s u p p o r t a n d
p r o t e c t i o n s f o r t h e n e u r o n s w h o s e s o m a , d e n d r i t e s
a n d a x o n s t h e y e n v e l o p .
NEUROGLIAL
CELLS
CNS
- Oligodendrocytes
- Microglial cells
- Ependymal cells
PNS
-Schwann cells

8. SYNAPSES
S p e c i a l i z e d j u n c t i o n s w h e r e n e r v e c e l l s
c o m m u n i c a t e w i t h o t h e r n e r v e c e l l s o r
w i t h e f f e c t o r c e l l s , a r e o f t w o t y p e s
e l e c t r i c a n d c h e m i c a l .

9. THANK YOU!