Neoplasm
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The term neoplasm refers to an abnormal growth of tissue caused by the rapid division of cells that have undergone some form of mutation.
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“Neoplasia refers to the abnormal growth and proliferation of cells, resulting in the formation of a neoplasm, commonly known as a tumor”.
Neoplasms can be benign or malignant, and they can occur in various tissues and organs throughout the body.
Examples:
Benign Neoplasms: Fibroids (leiomyomas) in the uterus, moles (nevi) on the skin, and lipomas (fatty tumors).
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The causes of neoplasia can be multifactorial and involve both genetic and environmental factors. Some common causes include:
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Carcinogens: Exposure to certain environmental factors such as chemicals, radiation, tobacco smoke, and some viruses (e.g., human papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus) can increase the risk of neoplasia.
Hormonal Imbalances: Some hormones, like estrogen in breast and ovarian cancer, can contribute to the development of neoplasms.
Immune Dysfunction: Impairment in the immune system's ability to recognize and eliminate abnormal cells can result in the growth of neoplastic cells.
“Abnormal growth or development of cells or tissues, characterized by the alteration in their size, shape, and organization”.
It is often considered as a precancerous condition, as dysplastic cells have a higher tendency to mutate and transform into cancerous cells over time.
Dysplasia can occur in various tissues and organs of the body, including the skin, respiratory tract, digestive tract, urinary tract, and others.
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Examples:
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Our bodies are made up of millions of cells, grouped together to form tissues and organs such as muscles and bones, the lungs and the liver. Genes inside each cell order it to grow, work, reproduce and die. Normally, our cells obey these orders and we remain healthy. But sometimes the instructions get mixed up, causing the cells to form lumps or tumors, or spread through the bloodstream and lymphatic system to other parts of the body.
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Cancer is caused by genetic mutations that lead to uncontrolled cell growth. A person's cancer risk is influenced by both inherited genetic factors and environmental exposures. Cancer begins as a single abnormal cell that grows into a primary tumor, and can then metastasize by spreading to other areas of the body. The document defines various cancer terminology and describes the stages of cancer progression from initiation to metastasis. It also discusses cancer causes, detection methods, grading systems, and treatment approaches.
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This document provides an overview of cancer including types, causes, diagnosis, staging, treatment and prognosis. It discusses the major types of cancer that commonly affect men, women and children in the US. The pathophysiology section describes how genetic and epigenetic factors can cause normal cells to transform into cancer cells through mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Environmental exposures and lifestyle factors can increase the risk of mutations accumulating. Once cancer develops, ongoing clonal evolution drives progression to more advanced stages.
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This document provides an overview of cancer including types, causes, diagnosis, staging, treatment and prognosis. It discusses the major types of cancer that commonly affect men, women and children in the US. The pathophysiology section describes how genetic and epigenetic factors can cause normal cells to transform into cancer cells through mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Environmental exposures and lifestyle factors can also increase cancer risk by damaging DNA or altering gene expression through epigenetic changes. The progression of cancer involves a chain reaction of accumulating errors that allow cancer cells to evade controls on growth and spread.
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Mutations can be inherited from parents or acquired during one's lifetime. Hereditary mutations exist in reproductive cells and can be passed down generations. While cells have mechanisms to repair mutations, these mechanisms can fail over time, allowing mistakes to accumulate. Down syndrome is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, leading to physical and mental retardation symptoms. Klinefelter syndrome results from an extra X chromosome in males, causing breast growth and infertility. Turner syndrome occurs in females missing a single X chromosome. Sickle cell anemia is an inherited blood disorder most common in people of African descent. Genetic testing can detect mutations that cause diseases and determine cancer risk or carrier status for inherited conditions.
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Most common cancer types in men and women
Learn how to obtain cancer-related data using Internet sources
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Understand the basics of how carcinogenesis occurs
Describe inherited cancer syndromes
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Cancer is caused by genetic mutations that cause uncontrolled cell growth. It is not a single disease but rather a group of diseases that can affect any organ. The main factors that contribute to cancer development are heredity, environment, and lifestyle. Cancer prevention focuses on reducing risk factors through behaviors like quitting smoking, limiting sun exposure, and vaccinations. Cancer is detected through screening tests and diagnosed using tumor markers, genetic profiling, and imaging tests. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted drug therapies, with the goal of curing, controlling, or palliating the cancer.
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Cancer arises from genetic changes in cells that cause uncontrolled growth and spread. The document discusses cancer pathogenesis, classification, stages, risk factors like carcinogens, and prevention strategies. It notes that in 2012 there were estimated 14 million new cancer cases worldwide resulting in 7.6 million deaths, with lung, breast, colorectal, and stomach cancer being most common. Prevention involves controlling risk factors like tobacco, promoting hygiene, vaccinations, and treating precancerous lesions.
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Cancer, also called malignancy, is an abnormal growth of cells. There are more than 100 types of cancer, including breast cancer, skin cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, and lymphoma. Symptoms vary depending on the type. Cancer treatment may include chemotherapy, radiation, and/or surgery.
Cancer
Cancer, also called malignancy, is an abnormal growth of cells. There are more than 100 types of cancer, including breast cancer, skin cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, and lymphoma. Symptoms vary depending on the type. Cancer treatment may include chemotherapy, radiation, and/or surgery.
Hepatitis
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver. The condition can be self-limiting or can progress to fibrosis (scarring), cirrhosis or liver cancer. Hepatitis viruses are the most common cause of hepatitis in the world but other infections, toxic substances (e.g. alcohol, certain drugs), and autoimmune diseases can also cause hepatitis.
There are 5 main hepatitis viruses, referred to as types A, B, C, D and E. These 5 types are of greatest concern because of the burden of illness and death they cause and the potential for outbreaks and epidemic spread. In particular, types B and C lead to chronic disease in hundreds of millions of people and, together, are the most common cause of liver cirrhosis and cancer.
Tuberculosis
A potentially serious infectious bacterial disease that mainly affects the lungs.
The bacteria that cause TB are spread when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
Most people infected with the bacteria that cause tuberculosis don't have symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they usually include a cough (sometimes blood-tinged), weight loss, night sweats and fever.
Treatment isn't always required for those without symptoms. Patients with active symptoms will require a long course of treatment involving multiple antibiotics
Syphilis
The document discusses syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection caused by bacteria. It describes the four stages of syphilis as primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary. The primary stage involves a painless sore while secondary sees skin rashes and sore throat. Latent syphilis has no symptoms but the bacteria remains active. Tertiary syphilis, occurring years later for 15-30% of untreated cases, can damage organs and cause life-threatening issues like blindness. Penicillin is usually effective at treating early stages of syphilis.
Sickle cell anemia
A group of disorders that cause red blood cells to become misshapen and break down.
With sickle cell disease, an inherited group of disorders, red blood cells contort into a sickle shape. The cells die early, leaving a shortage of healthy red blood cells (sickle cell anaemia) and can block blood flow causing pain (sickle cell crisis).
Infections, pain and fatigue are symptoms of sickle cell disease.
Treatments include medication, blood transfusions and rarely a bone-marrow transplant
Depression
Depression is a mood disorder characterized by feelings of sadness, loss, or anger that interfere with daily activities. Around 8% of American adults experience depression. It can impact work productivity and relationships. There are several forms of depressive disorders including major depression, dysthymia, minor depression, psychotic depression, postpartum depression, and seasonal affective disorder. Risk factors include family history, childhood trauma, brain structure, medical conditions, and drug use. Treatments include antidepressants, antianxiety medications, and antipsychotic medications.
Alzheimer
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder that causes brain cells to waste away (degenerate) and die. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia — a continuous decline in thinking, behavioral and social skills that disrupts a person's ability to function independently.
Aids
Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Following initial infection a person may not notice any symptoms, or may experience a brief period of influenza-like illness.
Industrial visit report part 2
Industry visits play an important role in the MITSOM College education programme. Students are taken for industry visits in and around Pune where they interact with the company people and have a first-hand experience of how a corporate entity actually works. The crucial purpose behind this programme is to accustom students to the industrial practices and the workings of the corporate world. Students are exposed to practical situations and events in companies thereby honing their corporate skills and industry understanding.
Industrial visit report part 1
The document is a report on an industrial visit to Patanjali Food and Herbal Park Pvt. Ltd. It discusses the company's vision, mission, and leadership. The company's main products include natural foods, healthcare products, personal care items, Ayurvedic medicines, and herbal home care products. The report also describes the company's internal control system and framework, including an audit committee and internal/statutory audits. It provides details on Ayurvedic medicine formulations, including preparation methods, market potential, implementation schedule, and quality control standards.
Project on sop part 2
This document provides guidance on developing and using standard operating procedures (SOPs) within an organization. It discusses that SOPs are written instructions that document routine processes and promote consistent and proper execution. The benefits of SOPs include minimizing variation, ensuring compliance, and facilitating training. SOPs should be written clearly and concisely with a standardized format including a title, version number, and approval signatures. They need to be reviewed periodically and revised as processes change to maintain usefulness. Developing high-quality, up-to-date SOPs is an important part of maintaining an effective quality management system.
Project on sop part 1
a detailed project on standard oprating procedure (SOP) in the elective subject of GMP
A standard operating procedure (SOP) is a set of step-by-step instructions compiled by an organization to help workers carry out complex routine operations. SOPs aim to achieve efficiency, quality output and uniformity of performance, while reducing miscommunication and failure to comply with industry regulations.
Presentation PHARM SPA 2019
The document contains contact information for Dr. Brijesh Singh, who is the head of the pharmacy department. It lists his name, title as Pharmacy HOD, and phone number 9936243810. The document provides brief contact details for Dr. Brijesh Singh in a leadership role within the pharmacy department.
Industrial training report part 1
Harish Sharma completed an industrial training report at Naxpar Pharmaceuticals in Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India to fulfill requirements for his B.Pharm degree. The report provides details about Naxpar's production processes, equipment, quality control procedures, and storage and distribution operations. It describes the company's manufacturing of tablets including active and inactive ingredients, unit operations like wet and dry granulation, and tableting. Quality control testing and standard operating procedures are also outlined. The training gave Harish valuable experience in pharmaceutical production and distribution that he can apply to further his career.
Industrial training report part 2
A pharmacist is the person of drugs or the expert on drugs. He is the only expert on drugs, for expertise regarding drugs requires knowledge in depth in all the facts of pharmacy. It is her professional responsibility to know all about the drugs. No educational program other than that in pharmacy provides the background to understand completely all about drugs.
Among the professions of pharmacists like community pharmacy, institutional pharmacy, whole sale pharmacy, industrial pharmacy, government service, pharmaceutical education, organizational management, in my country industrial pharmacy offers great opportunity to the pharmacists.
Industrial pharmacy is a profession of unique hybrid of business and profession.
So an industrial pharmacist should have proper knowledge about drugs and also about medical progress, commence marketing and technology. To be a self-sufficient pharmacist beside academic knowledge, practical knowledge is essential.
This is why after appearing the Bachelor of Pharmacy examination in-plant training was arranged by the department in renowned pharmaceuticals industries. This training has sharpened my academic knowledge what I learnt in the last four years .I have completed my training in Popular Pharmaceuticals Limited a fast growing pharmaceutical company in Bangladesh.
LEAD COMPOUNDS FROM NATURAL PRODUCT
PREPARED BY MYSELF,PRESENTED IN NATIONAL CONFRENCE HELD IN LUCKNOW AND ORGANISED BY- GOEAL INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY AND SCIENCES
Hospital training report by Harish Sharma
This document is a hospital training report submitted by Harish Sharma, a student completing their B.Pharm degree. The report provides an overview of Harish's training at District Hospital in Chandauli, including acknowledging the individuals who supported their training. It then describes the various departments observed, such as the dispensary, surgical ward, pathology laboratory, and blood bank. The report also covers topics like routes of drug administration, first aid, and waste management. The objective was to study the hospital structure and functions of different departments to gain experience as a healthcare professional.
Tablet processing problems and its remedies for poster presemntation
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Neoplasm
- 1. E-mail- vipgzp2019@gmail.com Mobile no.- 9897677977 Topic- Neoplasm Harish sharma (Lecturer) E-mail- harishsharma4295@gmail.com
- 2. What is a Neoplasm? The term neoplasm refers to an abnormal growth of tissue caused by the rapid division of cells that have undergone some form of mutation. The body is made up of trillions of cells that grow, divide, and die in an orderly fashion. This process is a tightly regulated one that is controlled by the DNA machinery within the cell. When a person is growing up, the cells of the body rapidly divide, but once adulthood is reached, cells generally only divide to replace worn-out, dying cells or to repair injured cells.
- 3. Causes There are a number of contributing factors that can cause your genes to mutate and result in benign or malignant tumor growth. Some common factors include: genetics age hormones smoking drinking obesity sun overexposure immune disorders viruses overexposure to radiation chemical toxins
- 4. symptoms Symptoms of neoplastic disease greatly depend on where the neoplasm is located. Regardless of type, there are some common symptoms of neoplastic disease: anemia shortness of breath abdominal pain persistent fatigue loss of appetite chills diarrhea fever bloody stools lesions skin masses
- 5. Diagnosing To properly diagnose neoplastic disease, your doctor will first determine if the neoplasms are benign or malignant. Your doctors will conduct a thorough examination of your medical history, blood tests, and possibly a biopsy on visible masses. Other tests used to diagnose neoplastic diseases and cancers include: CT scans MRI scans PET scans mammograms ultrasounds X-rays endoscopy