Nelson Mandela was born in 1918 in South Africa and aspired to become a lawyer to contribute to his people's freedom struggle. He became head of the banned African National Congress in 1952. Imprisoned for sabotage in 1964, Mandela inspired others from his cell. He was released in 1990 and inaugurated as South Africa's first democratically elected president in 1994, having rejected offers of freedom if he renounced violence. Mandela retired from public life in 1999, having established a free and democratic South Africa.