The document outlines the steps for effective negotiation between two conflicting groups to find a mutually agreeable solution. It involves: 1) Unfreezing current expectations and relationships between the groups to allow for new perspectives. 2) Forming mixed subgroups with members from both original groups to generate alternative solutions that incorporate both viewpoints. 3) Exploring alternative solutions in depth to find consensus and then committing to an agreed upon solution.

1. By Swaraj Mishra

2. Negotiation is possible only when the out
group is perceived both as interested in
peace and as reasonable.
It involves continuous interaction and
dialogue between the groups in order to find
a solution with maximum advantage to
both(win-win situation).

3. Unfreeze
Being open
Learning
empathy
Searching for
common
themes
Breaking the
deadlock
Searching for
solution
Responding
alternatives
Generating
alternatives
Committing to
solution within
the group
Committing the
whole group

4. Unless the expectations and relationship are
unfrozen(by two conflicting groups) there is no
chance of negotiation.
Alternative members of both groups can be
mixed in order to form new group to discuss the
issues.

5. Group members should be open to each
other and can give different points of view or
alternatives without fear.

6. Group members may see only their own
points of view but can gain empathy for other
by sharing their concerns or goals.

7. Groups involved in a conflict may be helped
to search common goals or other areas of overlap
by listing their expectations, goals etc..

8. When the goal is clear for groups they can
generate alternation for resolving some of the
issues.

9. Study and respond to the alternatives .Every
effort should be made to See issues in a positive
and problem solving way.

10. Alternatives have to be explored in depth by
small groups with all consensus on solution and then
report is given to the larger groups. Because points of
view from both the parties are reflected in the new
groups. So they should be innovative to solve the
issues.

11. sometimes both parties are so emotionally
involved that they can not move towards a solution
by themselves. In such case a 3rd party having
Experiences may be brought in to solve the issues.

12. After the solutions are generated by the
smaller group, the groups can debate and consider
these solutions and committee to some of these.
All doubts must be resolved or must be put aside
at this point.

13. At the last step of the process groups
accept the solutions jointly and make a
commitment to implement it.
further arrangements are also made to
solve the remaining issues.

14. Prevention is better than cure.
Two easy steps to prevent
conflicts.
 Whenever problems arise, everyone must be
involved in finding alternative solutions.
 Focus on team building.

15. Understanding Organizational Behavior
Author-Proff. Udai Pareek