This document summarizes two workshops on space and time held by the Space and Time Workgroup 1. The first workshop was held in London in 2011 and discussed issues around representing place, period, and event in digital humanities. The second workshop was held in 2012 in Hamburg and focused on theories and tools for modeling space and time. Both workshops aimed to identify needs and priorities for developing standards and technologies to better represent the relationships between space and time.

1. REFLECTIONS ON
SPACE AND TIME
SHAWN DAY - NEDIMAH WG 1 SPACE AND TIME
BUCHAREST 3 NOVEMBER 2012

2. MEMBERS OF WORKGROUP
DANIEL ALVES, NEW UNIVERSITY OF LISBON, PORTUGAL
JENS ANDRESEN, UNIVERSITY OF AARHUS, DENMARK
SHAWN DAY, ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY / DIGITAL HUMANITIES
OBSERVATORY, IRELAND
ØYVIND EIDE, KCL / UNIVERSITY OF OSLO, NORWAY
EERO HYVÖNEN, AALTO UNIVERSITY, FINLAND
LEIF ISAKSEN, UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON, UNITED KINGDOM
EETO MÄKELÄ, AALTO UNIVERSITY, FINLAND

3. HISTORY
FORMED JULY 2011
1ST MEETING: LONDON NOVEMBER 2011
2ND MEETING: HAMBURG 2012

4. LONDON BY THE NUMBERS
1 DAY
50 PARTICIPANTS
IN CONJUNCTION WITH JISC GEOSPATIAL INITIATIVE
FORMAT INVOLVED INVITED PAPERS ON THREE THEMES:
PLACE (SPATIAL CONCEPTS)
PERIOD (TEMPORAL CONCEPTS)
EVENT (INTERSECTING CONCEPTS)

5. National Representation at 2 WG1 Workshops
DE
US
UK
IE
JP
FR
DK
TW
SE
RO
LU
LB
FI
CY
CH
CA
AU
PT
NO
IT
GR
AT
0 7.5 15 22.5 30
London 2011 Hamburg 2012

6. LONDON OBJECTIVES
IDENTIFICATION OF KEY ISSUES FACING
PRACTITIONERS IN TEMPORAL AND GEOSPATIAL
STUDIES IN THE DIGITAL HUMANITIES
DEVISING A BASELINE FROM WHICH TO MEASURE
IMPACT OF FUTURE SESSIONS

7. ON PLACE
CONTENTIOUS CONCEPT - DIVERGENT NEEDS
WHAT ARE PLACES?
NEGOTIATION BETWEEN THE
PHYSICAL AND ABSTRACT
SOUTHALL - THE PERILS OF THE DIGITAL GAZETTEER
NICCOLUCCI - PLACES FLUID OVER TIME
SCHEIDER - DEFINITION BY UNDERSTANDING CONSTRUCT

8. PLACE OUTCOMES
WORK MUST INVOLVE USER CASE STUDIES
BRING TOGETHER EMERGING COMMUNITIES OF
INTEREST AND OF USE
LINKING EMERGING GAZETTEERS
EMBRACE SOCIAL AS WELL AS LOCATIONAL
DEFINE LEVELS OF ABSTRACTION TO BROADEN
SPECTRUM OF USE

9. ON PERIOD
TEMPORAL DEFINITION NOT AS SIMPLE AS IT SEEMS
NO UNIVERSAL DEFINITION OF PERIOD(S)
LACK OF TEMPORAL GAZETTEERS
BINDING - USE OF RELATIVE AS OPPOSED TO ABSOLUTE
TIMELINES
MANTEGARI - FUZZY APPROACHES TO UNCERTAINTY
WHITSON-CLOUD - PERIODS DEFINED BY CONTEXT

10. PERIOD OUTCOMES
HOW CAN COMPLEXITIES BE MODELLED USEFULLY?
HOW CAN SCALES BE INTEROPERABLE?
NEGOTIATING BETWEEN SPECIALIST AND
COMMUNITY DEFINITIONS

11. ON EVENT
COMBINE COMPLEXITIES OF TIME AND PLACE
CAN CHAIN INTO NARRATIVES
SPINSANTI - EVENTS DEFINE RELATIVE STORIES
EIDE - SPATIO-TEMPORAL REASONING TO REDUCE
UNCERTAINTY
SHAW - RELATIVE PERSPECTIVE ON EVENTS

12. EVENT OUTCOMES
HOW CAN NARRATIVES BE REPRESENTED?
HOW CAN PLACES GAIN A UNIFIED CONTEXT? -
DANGEROUS, IMPORTANT, ETC.

13. WORKSHOP OUTCOMES
NEED TO IDENTIFY CURRENT TECHNOLOGIES
GAZETTEERS AND THESAURI
ONTOLOGIES
NEED TO DEFINE FUTURE NEEDS
REFINING GAZETTEERS - DATA QUALITY STDS, ALIGNMENT WITH
PERIODS, FILLING LACUNAE
NEW ONTOLOGIES FOR PLACE THAT ARE LESS GEO-CENTRIC
IMPACT OF LINKED DATA

14. HAMBURG BY THE NUMBERS
1 DAY WORKSHOP
75 ATTENDEES
IN CONJUNCTION WITH DH2012
FORMAT INVOLVED PEER REVIEWED PAPERS ON TWO
TOPICS:
THEORY
TOOLS AND APPLICATION

15. HAMBURG OBJECTIVES
PROVIDE A FORUM FOR PRESENTATION
FOLLOWED BY FOCUSSED DISCUSSION
IDENTIFY NEEDS FOR WORKGROUP EFFORTS

16. ON THEORY
BOSTENARU - CAN PHENOMENON OF SPACE AND
TIME BE RECREATED OUT OF ORIGINAL CONTEXT?
KRTEZSCHMAR - AGENT-BASED MODELLING TO
PERMIT MULTI-DIRECTIONAL FLOW
GROSSNER - REPRESENTATIONS OF THE
INEXTRICABLE BIND OF PLACE AND TIME

17. ON TOOLS AND APPLICATION
HARA - HUTIME/HUSPACE - PERSPECTIVE ON EVENTS
MCCLURE - NEATLINE FOR EMBEDDING EVIDENCE IN
NARRATIVE VISUALISATION
BYRNE - GEOGRAPHIC ANNOTATIONS PLATFORM FOR
AUTOMATED NAME ENTITY RECOGNITION FOR NARRATIVES
KATH - USING NLP TO MAP SPREAD OF IDEAS IN
ANTIQUITY

18. BREAKOUT: THEORY
CONNECT DIGITAL TOOLS WITH UNDERLYING THEORY
STRATEGIES FOR NARRATIVE REPRESENTATION
THEORISING VAGUENESS AND AMBIGUITY

19. BREAKOUT: METHODS
TOOLS ARE AN INSTANTIATION OF METHODS
DIGITAL LITERACY FOR PEER EVALUATION
METHODS AS A BRIDGE FOR COMMON
UNDERSTANDING

20. BREAKOUT: INFRASTRUCTURE
VERNACULAR MAPPING
AMBIGUOUSLY NAMED ENTITIES
UNCERTAINTY
INVESTMENT IN HARMONISING ONTOLOGIES

21. BREAKOUT: TOOLS
LEARNING
START SIMPLE AND BUILD
LIMIT SCOPE AND FIND INTEROPERABILITY
APPRECIATE NON-ROMAN ASPECTS OF TOOLS
GROUNDING AUTHORITY AND AUTHENTICITY

22. BREAKOUT: TOOLS
MODELLING FOR VECTORS OF INTENSITY
ALLOWING FOR RELATIVE/FLOATING ENTITY
REFERENCE
CAPTURE MOMENTUM, VELOCITY, FLUIDITY,
TRAJECTORY AND INTENSITY IN SPACE AND TIME

23. WORKSHOP OUTCOMES
STIMULATE AWARENESS OF API’S AND SERVICES
REINFORCE OPEN ACCESS
CAPTURE AND ALLOW FOR AMBIGUITY AND FLUIDITY
SHARE LESSONS AND LEARNINGS FROM REALITY