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1. WELCOME

2. GRAMEEN CALEDONIAN
COLLEGE OF NURSING
DIPLOMA in NURSING SCIENCE & MIDWIFERY
Diploma 3rd Year 2nd Semester
SUBJECT: Newborn Nursing
TOPIC: Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Group No: 04
Submitted To-
Amena Akter
Lecturer ,
GCCN
Submitted By-
ID: D080120 ID: D080132
D080127 D080133
D080130 D080134
D080131 D080172

3. Necrotizing
Enterocolitis

4. Necrosis
Tissue die or cause to die
owing to disease, iniury, or
failure of the blood supply.

5. Enterocolitis
"Entero" means intestine.
"Colitis" means inflammation of the colon
(lower part of the intestine)
Enterocolitis is the inflammation of both the
intestine and the colon.

6. Necrotizing
Enterocolitis

7. Necrotizing
Enterocolitis
A gastrointestinal disease that mostly affects
premature infants or otherwise unwell.
 It is an acute inflammatory disease in the
bowel or part of the bowel.
It is an most common and serious
gastrointestinal disorder among newborn
and infants.

8. The damage that NEC causes to the
intestinal tissues can cause a hole in the
intestines that allows bacteria leak out into
the abdomen and cause infection.
It is a life-threatening neonatal disease, that
affects approximately 11% of extremely
premature neonates.
 Cont…

9. Abdominal distention
Blood in the stool
Diarrhoea
Feeding intolerance
Signs & Symptoms
•Lethargy
•Temperature instability
•Vomiting
•Unstable breathing , heart rate
or blood pressure

10.  Lack of Oxygen during delivery: when there is low level
of oxygen, the intestine become weak. And there, the
inflammatory condition developed.
 Premature baby: Premature babies don’t have developed
immune system to fight against infections.
 Bacteria in intestine: The food with bacteria may cause
NEC due to immature infant’s digestive system to keep out
dangerous bacteria.
 Inadequate blood circulation in the gut: May cause
weakness in the gut which helps to develop NEC.
 Causes…
•There is no specific reason of NEC. Possible
causes included:

11.  Prematurity( <34 weeks)
 Low birth weight( <1500kg)
 Lack of proper breast feeding
 Intrauterine growth retardation
 Premature rupture membrane
 Umbilical catheterization
 Risk Factors….

12. Intestinal perforation (a hole in the wall of
part of the gastrointestinal tract)
Intestinal Stricture( Bowel Obstruction)
Peritonitis( inflammation of peritonium)
Sepsis (the presence of pus-forming
bacteria in the body)
Short bowel Syndrome( Mal-absorption
disorder)
 Complications

13. Abdominal x-ray
 Stool for occult blood test
 Complete Blood Count(CBC)
- Hemoglobin
- Platelet Count
Lactic acid test
 Investigations….

14. Inserting a tube through the nasal passages or mouth
into the infant’s stomach to remove air and fluid.
Intravenous fluid replaces formula or breast milk.
Anti-biotic therapy: Ampicillin, aminoglycoside
(eg: Gentamycin) or third-generation
cephalosporin(cefotaxime),and clindamycin or met
ronidazole.
 Monitoring Abdominal x-ray, blood tests and blood
gases.
 Medical Treatment…

15. If there is a hole, surgery is needed in the
intestine or peritonitis.
The dead bowel tissue is removed and a
colostomy or ileostomy is performed.
The bowel is reconnected several weeks
or months later when the infection and
inflammation have healed.
Cont….

16. Encourage breast feeding and teaching for
proper breast feeding techniques.
Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance.
Pain management
Maintain NG tube therapy.
Assess vital signs, abdominal distention, listen
for bowel sounds every 4hours.
 Nursing Management….

17. Cont…..
Be aware of the possibility of this disease and
infants who are at risk for developing NEC.
observe for any changes that might indicate bowel
perforation, septicemia.
 Strict hand washing is the primary barrier to
spread and confirmed multiple cases are isolated.
 Caring with infants after surgery if needed.

18.  Minimizing the reasons of preterm baby-birth.
 Maintaining proper breast feeding techniques.
 Ensuring colostrum to the baby for building a better immune
system.
 Maintaining hand washing to make any procedeurs to the
baby.
If any formula provided to the baby,
-proper hygiene must be maintained.
- proper diet need to be maintained.
Prevention…

19. Any Questions?