The term 'state' originates from the word 'status' and was first articulated by Niccolò Machiavelli. A state is defined as a community of people in a defined territory governed by common laws, with key elements including population, territory, government, and sovereignty. The concept of a state intertwines political, social, and legal aspects, highlighting the collective identity and authority within a governed territory.

1. Individual and State

2. State
The term state is derived from the word status and it was Niccolo
Machiavelli who first used “state” in his work titled “price”.
Definitions:
Aristotle said that man is a social animal and by nature he is political
being, to him, to live in the state and to be a man were identical.
A state is a situation where people occupying a fixed territory, bound
together by common laws and habits and customs into one body,
politics and exercising through organized government. (Woodrow
Wilson Aristotle, Sidgwick, Garner and Laski’s Summarized to this)

3. ELEMENTS OF STATE:
1. Population (People)
2. Territory (Land, water and air)
3. Government (Political organ that governs state)
4. Sovereignty (supreme and final legal authority)

4. State Nation
Exists from the primitive society Modern phenomenon
Political Cultural
Lawful with a definite territory Psychologically joined together with
common will
Sovereign not necessary
Heterogeneity homogeneity
State Government
Consists of population, territory,
government and sovereignty
It is part of the state
Original powers (Sovereign) Derived from state
Permanent Temporary
Abstract and invisible Visible and concrete.

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