This document contains 20 multiple choice questions about topics related to communication technologies and media. The questions cover subjects like the history of the internet and ARPANET, new media concepts such as citizen journalism and open source software, influential theorists like McLuhan and Bruns, and early developments in film, television, and computers.

1. NCT’s
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2. • ARPANET, the first version of the internet,
was originally created by
a) Universities
b) Hippies
c) US Dept of Defence
d) US Dept of Employment and Training
e) all the above
Answer: (a) universities

3. • The internet works by sending small amounts
of information through the phone and
related systems in the form of:
(a) pings
(b) bits
(c) frames
(d) packets
(e) all the above
Answer: (d) packets

4. • Axel Bruns notion of citizen journalism is
a) An example of produsage
b) An outcome of the Web 2.0 environment
c) Driven by the shortcomings of mainstream
media
d) All of the above
Answer: (d) all of the above

5. • In computer terms, the concept "open source"
refers to:
(a) the latest movies that anyone can download
from the internet.
(b) software that you must pay to download
(c) leaving the lid off the ketchup
(d) commercial software that your friend copies
for you
(e) software that is free for anyone to download
and modify
Answer: (e) software that is free for anyone to
download and modify

6. • Which of the following is NOT an example of
Utopia?
(a) Saint Simon New Christianity
(b) Samuel Butler Erehwon
(c) William Morris News from Nowhere
(d) William Gibson Neuromancer
Answer: (d) William Gibson Neuromancer on
the basis that the cyberpunk genre depicts
futuristic dystopias

7. • In what ways does Axel Bruns suggest the advent of
internet has impacted on traditional news media?
a) It has enabled the development of citizen journalists
b) It challenges that traditional gate keeping function of
news media
c) It has challenged the traditional role of journalists
d) It encourages readers to engage with news
information by enabling them to comment on news
stories
e) All of the above
Answer: (e) all of the above

8. • Which ancient philosopher's theory
foreshadowed our captivation to the
representations of reality in the flicker of
computer, television and cinema screen?
a) Aristotle's theory of communication
b) Plato's allegory of the cave
c) Socrates' ironic method
d) Diogenes' cynicism
Answer: (b) Plato’s allegory of the cave

9. • Messages gain meaning from all the other
messages that you have previously received
and sent. This is known as
– a) intersubjectivity
b) intertextuality
c) interpolation
d) interference
e) all the above
Answer: (b) intertexuality

10. • John Logie Baird was responsible for
a) Developing the first photographic image
b) Patenting the first phonograph that records
sound
c) Transmitting the first television signal
d) Developing the first answering machine
Answer: (c) Transmitting the first television signal
(now we know where Logies come from!)

11. • What are the characteristics of ‘produsage’?
a) User-led Content Creation
b) A Paradigm Shift
c) When Users are also Producers
d) Things like Wikipedia
e) All the above
Answer: (e) all of the above

12. • Who said “a tool is an extension of the hand;
a wheel is an extension of the leg; and a book
is an extension of the eye.
a) Marshall McLuhan
b) Raymond Williams
c) Axel Bruns
d) None of the above
Answer: (a) Marshall McLuhan

13. • How would we define convergence in the context of
New Communication Technologies?
a) The digitisation of telephone, radio, television and
print media so that they can be accessed from a
computer.
b) the interaction of multimedia forms providing
complex, interactive means of communication
c) businesses that engage in cross platforming content
d) all of the above
e) none of the above.
Answer: (d) all of the above

14. • ‘Theory-Jamming’ is
a) Slang used by hackers
b) A short story by William Gibson
c) A song by the Black Assasins
d) A critical process towards understanding
communication
Answer: (d) A critical process towards
understanding communication

15. • In Sue Halpern’s book reviews, Jaron Lanier’s
book which critiques attempts to monetize the
internet is called
a) Mind Control and the Internet
b) The World Wide Mind: The Coming Integration
of Humanity, Machines and the Internet
c) The Filter Bubble: What the Internet is hiding
from you
d) You are not a Gadget: A Manifesto
Answer: (d) You are Not a Gadget: A Manifesto looks at the way businesses
such as Google have attempted to make money out of the world wide web.

16. • LulzSec, an offshoot of the loose online
collective Anonymous are an example of
a) What hat hacktivism
b) Online pranksters showing off their hacking
skills
c) Criminal acts of information theft and
sabotage
d) All of the above
Answer: (b) Online pranksters showing off their hacking skills

17. • Adam Turing …
a) worked with Ada Byron (Lady Lovelace) on
the development of an Analytical Engine in
the 19th century
b) invented the first digital computer
c) developed a computer designed to break
secret German "Enigma" codes during WW2.
d) Developed the first operating system for the
PC in 1978.
Answer: (c) developed a computer designed to break secret German "Enigma" codes
during WW2

18. • Who proclaimed “video games an art form
for the digital age”
a) Gilbert Seldes
b) James Newman
c) Alan Grossman
d) Henry Jenkins
Answer: (d) Henry Jenkins

19. • Who first defined the communication model
as The speaker produces a message that is
heard by the listener.
a) Raymond Williams
b) Plato
c) Aristotle
d) Shannon and Weaver
Answer: (c) Aristotle

20. • Shannon & Weaver ‘s Mathematical Theory of
Communication is deficient in its failure to account for
a) Intertextuality in which messages gains meaning from
all the other messages that person has previously
received and sent.
b) Interactivity in which communication is usually acted
out as a two way process
c) Intersubjectivity where receivers of messages
interpret them according to their own experience.
d) Intermediation where communication takes place
through various forms of technology
e) a & c
f) b & d
Answer: e) a & c

21. • Auguste and Louis Lumière were responsible
for
a) The invention of the first movie camera and
the first commercial cinematic screening
b) The invention of the first Calculating machine
c) Inventing the first working telephone
d) Inventing the telegraph and laying the first
telegraph line from Paris to London.
Answer: a) the invention of the first movie camera and the first
commercial cinematic screening

22. • What did Walter Benjamin, Raymond Williams,
Louis Althusser and Stuart Hall have in
common?
a) They all subscribed to media effects theory
b) They all contributed to the understanding of
communication in animals
c) They were all interested in the political and
cultural role of media and communication in
society.
d) None of the above
Answer: c) They were interested in the political and cultural role of media and
communication

23. • Jean-Luc Goddard …
a) Is the key character in the French film Alphaville
b) Developed the discipline of semiotics as a way of
theorizing the role of signs in social life
c) Was an important figure in French New Wave
cinema
d) All of the above
Answer: c) Was an important figure in French New Wave cinema (He was
also the director of Alphaville)

24. • Charles Babbage …
a) invented the first digital computer
b) created a machine called the difference engine
c) conceived the Analytical Engine in the form of a
massive, brass, steam-powered, general-
purpose, mechanical computer
d) all of the above
e) b and c
f) none of the above
Answer: d) all of the above

25. • Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak
a) Were members of the “home brew” club
b) Were two computer nerds
c) Founded the computer company Apple
d) Developed the first personal computer
e) All of the above
Answer: e) all of the above

26. • Who was responsible for the idea of the internet
a) A group of computer nerds known as the “home
brew” club
b) A group of academic, government, and industry
researchers concerned about what would
happen to communications if a nuclear bomb
was dropped.
c) The IBM/Microsoft partnership
d) Tim Berners-Lee in the early 1990s.
Answer: b) This group was called the RAND Corporation

27. • What does IRC stand for?
a) International Rand Corporation
b) Internet relay chat
c) Internet relay communication
d) Internet response code
Answer: b) Internet relay chat

28. • The world wide web is …
a) another name for the internet
b) a network of computers
c) a software system that shares all information
accessible as part of a seamless hypertext
space.
d) All of the above
Answer: c) the network of computers that is called the internet is not
the same as the world wide web which is part of the software
environment

29. • Cyberspace is …
a) A good example of a meme
b) a spatial metaphor that represents the
symbolic or informatic environment of the
internet
c) the collective imagination of internet users
d) all of the above
Answer: d) all of the above

30. • Burning Chrome’ in William Gibson’s short
story refers to
a) amphetamine abuse
b) cyberpunk slang for the fusing of organic and
mechanical elements in the human body
c) cyberpunk slang for computer hacking
d) hacking into the computer system of a
criminal money launderer.
Answer: d) Chrome is the name of the money launderer

31. • Web 2.0 refers to
a) an evolved stage in the use capacity of the
world wide web.
b) Greater interactive engagement with the
world wide web
c) The development of social networking sites,
user created web sites, self-publishing
platforms, tagging, and social bookmarking.
d) All of the above
Answer: d) all of the above

32. • Who posed the notion that 'the medium is
the message'?
a) Shannon and Weaver
b) Aristotle
c) Marshall McLuhan
d) Plato
Answer: c) Marshall McLuhan

33. • What is a MUD?
a) massive multiuser online role playing game
b) an acronym for Multiple User Dungeon
c) a computer program that responds to text
commands only
d) all of the above
e) none of the above
Answer: d) all of the above

34. • Where was the first continuous full length
feature film produced?
a) New Jersey
b) Australia
c) New York City
d) France
Answer: b) Australia – The film was the Story of the Kelly Gang (1906)

35. • What are some of the reasons that James
Newman (2004) puts forward for studying
computer games?
a) The size of the video game industry
b) The popularity of video games
c) Because it is a cultural form evolving from
human–computer interaction.
d) All of the above
e) None of the above
Answer: d) all of the above

36. • What term do you use for activities such as
signing petitions on-line, Get-up political
campaigns organised through emails and the
web, or emailing your local member of
parliament about issues that concern you?
a) Cyberpolitics,
b) A waste of time
c) eDemocracy
d) all of the above
Answer: c) eDemocracy

37. • In Lister, Martin et al (2009) popular culture is
defined as
a) The commercially produced artefacts of
entertainment (television programs, films.
Videogames etc)
b) The lived practices, experiences and contexts in
which these artefacts are engaged with and
consumed
c) All of the above
Answer: c) all of the above

38. • Who explained the mathematical theory of
communication as the process where the
speaker produces an effect on the transmitter
which sends a message that may be affected by
noise but nevertheless is intercepted by the
receiver which converts it into an effect that is
heard by the listener?
a) Marshall McLuhan
b) Aristotle
c) Jorge Luis Borges
d) Shannon and Weaver
Answer: d) Shannon and Weaver

39. • David Cronenberg is
a) The author of the science fiction book Do
Androids dream of Electric Sheep?
b) The director of Blade Runner
c) The director of eXistenZ
d) Director of The Matrix trilogy
Answer: c) the director of eXistenZ

40. • Copyright is a legal system that
a) Gives the copyright holder the exclusive right
to reproduce their work
b) Prohibits non-copyright holders the right to
use the images, ideas and information
embedded in copyrighted material
c) All of the above
Answer: a). The second option is incorrect because you cannot
copyright ideas or information

41. • What is the formal term you use for the
ordering of actions and events as they
actually appear in a film?
a) Story
b) Plot
c) Narrativisation
Answer: b) plot

42. • Lister, Martin et al (2009) New Media: a critical
introduction offers concepts that are useful for
the study of technocultures; such as
a) The notion that everyday life is the site in which
meanings and uses of NCT are worked out
b) Cyberspace has evolved to become a separate
virtual and emancipatory domain separate from
society
c) All of the above
d) None of the above
Answer: a) the notion that everyday life is the site in which the meanings and
use of the NCT are worked out

43. • Film genres are defined by
a) Audience expectations
b) content
c) the type of actors used to portray characters
d) stylistic strategies including sound track
e) narrative structure
f) all of the above
Answer: f) all of the above

44. • What is usually referred to by the term mise
en scene?
a) filming techniques such as camera angle,
movement, and editing
b) cinematic framing
c) everything that is heard within the film
d) everything that is seen within the frame
e) narrative composition
Answer: d) everything seen within the frame

45. • Who first defined the Law of Produsage?
a) Raymond Williams
b) William Gibson
c) Stephen Stockwell
d) Axel Bruns
e) Marshall McLuhan
Answer: d) Axel Bruns

46. • Melanie Swalwel’s article on the first micro-
computers of the 1980s focuses on
a) The critical role of university researchers in
developing the personal computer
b) The importance of Depart. Of Defence funding
in the development of early computer
networking
c) The activities of computer hobbyists in Australia
d) None of the above
Answer: c) the activities of computer hobbyists in Australia

47. • The end of the silent era came in 1927 with
which movie?
a) The Jazz Singer
b) The Kelly Gang
c) Gone with the Wind
d) Intolerance
Answer: a) The Jazz Singer