Nayanatara Tampi, MCH2022, India

9
Lenses of
Housing Architecture
Nayanatara Tampi
Masters in Collective Housing 2022
UPM Madrid + ETH Zurich

5
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank my parents for their support and encouragement through my further education.
Thank you Nuria, for making this masters a warm and welcoming place for all of us. I would like
to thank all the faculty from the MCH course that pushed us to go beyond our boundaries. I thank
my classmates who made the classroom a competitive and exciting atmosphere and from whom I
learnt more than I could have imagined. Lastly I would like to thank Azhar for his constant patience
with all things big or small.
About this book
This book is an embodiment of collaboration, diversity and a celebration of differences. Each project
talks of a new and unique lens from which to understand housing design. While the book holds the
common thread of housing, every approach, design and presentation is different. These projects
originate from stories we have grown up with and tell each other about the way we want to live.
From our diverse class and our diverse syllabus, many ideas were unravelled, some new and some
as old as time. Shelter is our common goal, but architecture is not a formula. This book does not
attempt to standardise design or provide solutions, but to open up the mind to the world of housing
design and the limitless possibilities in the ways we can live. Every moment of difference in opinion,
difference in design, is a moment to celebrate, because it opens new avenues in our mind. This book
is the celebration of those differences.

1
Contents
01 The Lens of Climate
The Matchbox
Javier Garcia German
02 The Lens of the Future
Grow with the Flow
Amann Canovas Maruri
03 The Lens of Reuse
Making do and Getting by with 1073 rooms
Anne Lacaton + Diego Garcia
04 The Lens of Activity
Food for a 100 days
Elli Mosayebi + Alvaro Martin Fidalgo
05 The Lens of Construction
From Paris to Rio de Janeiro
ARUP + Diego Garcia
06 The Lens of Constraints
The Bazaar
Andrea Deplazes + Fernando Altozano
07 The Lens of Community
Shipyards
Hrvoje Njiric + Esperanza Campana
08 The Lens of Tradition
Corrala for All
Alison Brooks + Alejandro de Miguel Solano
09 The Lens of the City
Growing in the City
ARUP + Gemma Peribañez + Jose Maria Ezquiaga

2
9 Lenses of Housing
Chiringito - typical beach shack in Barcelona. Photographer - Francesc Catala Roca

3
The Lens of Climate
The Matchbox
Climate and Metabolism - Javier Garcia-German
4 week specialty
Project site - Barcelona
(Mediterranean Climate)
Breif
The project was aimed at resolving a design solely based on climatic
strategies and climatic comfort. It also aimed at studying the metabolism
of building elements and selection of materials. The initial task was to
study the mediterranean climate through psychrometric charts, wind
rose charts and passive strategies. Using this research, a basic prototype
was to be developed that could adequately respond to the weather
conditions. Material selection was done by studying material cycles
and understanding the metabolism of the buildings. This prototype was
then repeated to create a commune, which should incorporate climatic
strategies at an urban level. The site could be selected within Barcelona,
giving justification.
Project Team
Felipe Santamaria
Borja Martinez-Alcala
Christhian Haro
Teresita Campino
Nayanatara Tampi
Lens of Climate

4
9 Lenses of Housing
Copyright © Free Vector Maps.com
Mediterranean Climate
The mediterranean climate is found around the latitudes of 40°N and 40° S on the globe and always near the
coast. It is affected by ocean winds and high humidity, and variations in temperature from summer to winter
and day to night. In Spain, the region of Barcelona enjoys the Mediterranean Climate.
The monthly average temperature ranges from 5 °C in January to 30°C in August. Its humidity is quite high,
especially in summer, where you find average relative humidity of around 80%. Wind streams directions
and speed vary a lot depending on the season, cool gusts of wind from the sea pacify the extremity of
Barcelona summer, but harsh winds from the north can make tougher conditions for the winters.
Mediterranean Climate around the globe
Barcelona - Site
45°N
45°S
30°N
30°S

5
Summer and Winter
The summers in Barcelona experience high temperatures with high humidity. This climate can be
uncomfortable in direct sunlight without any relief of air movement. In this weather using shading from
direct sunlight is essential and adequate cross ventilation to relieve the humidity.
The winters in Barcelona experience low temperatures and strong cold winds that can be chilling. Direct
sunlight is the best source of heat and should be optimised. Protection from wind and insulation is required
to maintain warm temperatures within.
Summer Psychrometric Chart
Winter Psychrometric Chart
Temperature
Humidity
Temperature
Humidity
Lens of Climate

6
9 Lenses of Housing
24°C
Outdoor
Temperature
28°C
Glassed
Indoors
21°C
Evaporative
Cooling
21°C
Ascending
Air Breeze
21°C
Permeable
Shading
36°C
Outdoor
Temperature
24°C
High mass
walls
24°C
Thermal
Inertia
27°C
Indoor
Temperature
Small
openings
Radiant
Heating
32°C
Casa BE - Sumo Architects
Thermal Chart of Verandah
Masia - Traditional Spanish Farm Home
Thermal Chart Interiors
Mediterranean Architecture
Mediterranean architecture has formed many responses to the climate over years of life and experimentation.
Through a study of the traditional Masia House it was found that high thermal inertia in masonry walls and floors
was used to overcome cold winters and hot summers by creating a lag in the internal micro-climate. Small openings
reduce loss of heat or cool from within the building and maintain comfortable temperatures within.
Modern Mediterranean architecture makes use of large glass facades to absorb heat and light in winter. During
summer semi open spaces are used with open roof terraces, shaded verandas, louvre windows and light materials to
allow cool air to enter the building and create enjoyable open spaces.
The duality of heavy and light architecture in the mediterranean climate gave rise to the approach to climate response
in the design.

7
2
1
6
6
5
3
4
Material Legend
1 - Recycled Shipping Crates
2 - Prefabricated Rammed Earth Walls
3 - Polycarbonate Sheets Clear
4 - Clay Tile Flooring
5 - Recycled Cloth Shading (Summer)
6 - Recycled Wool Insulation (Winter)
Duality of Heavy and Light
Thermal Variability
Using light materials such as wood, polycarbonate sheets
and cloth shading a thermally variable unit was created
that would match the outdoor temperature and allow
enjoyable climate conditions.
Thermal Inertia
Using heavy materials such as rammed earth, clay tile
flooring and wool insulation a unit with high thermal inertia
was designed that would create a lag between indoor and
outdoor temperatures and thus create comfort between
day and night.
Protoype and Materiality
Lens of Climate

8
9 Lenses of Housing
Summer Night
On summer nights the high inertia materials lose heat
and gain coolth. The windows and roof are opened to
allow cool air and cross ventilation through the whole unit.
The humidity is controlled by lifting the building from the
ground
Summer Day
In summer day, the cloth shading covers the roof and
windows from direct sunlight and heat gain to the
structure. Windows are opened to allow breeze. The
high inertia materials remain cool and maintain a lower
temperature within.
Summer Night
Summer Day
30°C
24°C
21°C
24°C

9
Winter Night
Heat gained during the day is released at night from the
walls and floor. The woollen curtains and insulation is put
in place to prevent any heat loss from the windows or
floor. Separation from ground prevents heat loss
Winter Day
Windows are closed and curtains are open to allow
maximum sunlight and heat gain within the building.
Roof skylight allows heat to enter the entire depth of the
unit. vThe high inertia floor tiles gain maximum heat and
radiate throughout the day.
Winter Night
Winter Day
15°C
21°C
5°C
18°C
Lens of Climate

10
9 Lenses of Housing
3.6
3
.
6
7.2
7
.
2
10.8
1
0
.
8
4m
4m
N
Light Unit
Light Unit
In Tower In Ground
+ =
+ =
Minimum
Dwelling
Proportion
Maximum
Dwelling
Proportion
Common
Spaces
proportion
All Light boxes should
have one South
facade
Light boxes should
never be stacked
Every Heavy Unit
should be ventilated on
atleast one face
Peripheral openings
should not exceed 4m
Ventilation
During Summer
Enclosure
During Winter
Heavy Unit
Heavy Unit
Parameters of Design
When repeating the protoype to create a
commune, each element of the duality
was considered individually. The light
units and heavy units were separated, and
a proportion was created to maintain the
overall balance in design.
A higher number of heavy units were
created for more practical and permanent
funcitonality in the building.
The lighter units were designed in varied
sizes to take up the functionality of
common spaces, and spaces to come
together. This larger proportion of light
units breaks up the monotony of the
structure
To maintain the climatic behavior of the
prototype, some parameters were to be
followed while placing the units in the
commune.
The duality of the prototype was repeated
in the design of the structure, where the
built and unbuilt create an urban climatic
behavior within the entire structure.
Two types of urban forms were developed.
A tower form with a central void that
created a balance between built and
unbuilt, structure and air.
In the lower form, the structure was raised
from the ground, to create a large scale
indoor space that held a duality with the
climatic behavior of the earth. This indoor
space became a controlled microclimate
and an indoor urban space.
By following the same parameters, cross
ventilation was ensured through the entire
structure for relief during summer days
In the winter the openings in the void of the
tower and in the ground are designed to be
enclosed to maintain indoor temperature
and a supportive micro climate within the
building.
Following these parameters exactly a
repetitive urban form was created.

11
a de Madrid
ctive Housing 2022
ARCHITECTURE
n
Exploded Axonometric
Lens of Climate

12
9 Lenses of Housing
Architectural Section
Architectural Plan

13
Winter Thermal Map Section
SummerThermal Map Section
Lens of Climate

16
9 Lenses of Housing
Collage Atmosphere of University west wing with design intervention

17
The Lens of the Future
Grow with the Flow
Reload with work
Workshop leaders - Amann Canovas Maruri
Workshop Assistant - Gabriel Wajnerman
1 week workshop
Project site - ETSA Madrid
Adaptive Reuse
Breif
The project is to redevelop the west wing of the architecture school
building in Madrid. Envisioning the future and preparing for unexpected
scenarios of war, refugees, pandemic and quarantine; the building has to
respond to the unknown. It must accommodate spaces to be productive,
such as work but also reproductive domestic spaces. The breif asks
to question basic paradigms of architecture and to reinvent the wheel.
The process of design was backwards, to start with collages and an
atmosphere and then move into the design. The faculty pushed us to
break boundaries and dare to be unreal.
Project Team
Ana Victoria Ottenwalder
Suzanne Kteich
Francisco Heredia
Nayanatara Tampi
Lens of the Future

18
9 Lenses of Housing
PRODUCTIVE
REPRODUCTIVE
Existing University West Wing
The existing university west wing consists of four floors with a broad terrace on the first floor. The building is U
shaped and surrounds a central garden courtyard which is a popular break out space for the students. The other side
of the west wing holds a large open car parking. The wing itself contains a narrow corridor and classrooms facing the
north. Services are at the two end of the wing.

19
Approach
The initial decision was to maintain the existing functional building as it is. The internal activities of the building were
to be reshuffled to include productive as well as domestic spaces. The large volumes of classrooms could easily be
adapted to new function as per requirement. The building responds to new urban needs of the city and becomes a
centre for function and activity. The architectural intervention is made in the form of attachments and an external
structure to the existing building.
Keep Reprogram
Attach
Connect
Lens of the Future

20
9 Lenses of Housing
Productive and Reproductive
Productivity and reproductivity are two sides of the same coin. Everyone must work to sleep, and everyone must
sleep to work. Working and sleeping are personal activities and require a personal space. In the future, we envision
space being optimised to its maximum efficiency so that every person in our 8 billion human world can have a home.
With this in mind, we designed the human cell. It contains the exact amount of personal space a human needs.
The internal layout is 2.7m x 2.7m and contains all the personal belongings of one person. To make this possible,
we mechanised the cell, to have two planes of functionality. On one plane the cell acts as the productive unit. In
this plane the domesticity of the home disappears. When work is completed, the cell rotates and the home plane is
revealed. At home, none of the effects of work are accessible and the human can relax.
Working cell
Sleeping
cell
Section Section
Plan Plan
Working
cell
Sleeping cell

21
Ancillary
For this layout to work, services like the bathroom and kitchen are made common and externally accessible. In the
future we envision maximisation of the sharing economy so that everyone can have more. These cells are fixed
and do not have a rotation plane. In this case the entire structure of the cell is made use of. The external skeleton
becomes the internal form and multiple internal spaces can be created for bathing and toilets. Universal accessibility
is the future and this is the smallest unit for design of the space. The bottom part of the cell contains all the service
infrastructure within the cell and so the cell becomes a whole.
Lens of the Future
Section
Bathing cell
Section
Working Cell
Plan Plan

22
9 Lenses of Housing
Collaborative
Collaboration and exchange is a crucial part of human existence. The hexagonal form of the shell is developed for
easy attach-ability and extension. Once attached the space is continuous and unencumbered. The possibilities of
this form are open to the creative mind and limitless formations are possible. The cells are standardised and form a
building block, but the final urban form is changeable, adaptable and open to interpretation. This allows for people to
come together and build what they need without the need of an architect. The urban form is put into the users hand.
These blocks can absorb refugee camps, quarantine units and war emergencies, but also can be cultural centres,
galleries, workshop spaces or even a cafe.
Structure of the Cell
The cell is made up of an exoskeleton and an inner form. The exoskeleton is what attaches the unit structurally to
the rest of the building. It takes the stresses and loads of the structure and holds the joinery of the building. The
internal form is customisable and attachable. It is built up from furniture walls and partitions. It takes no load and can
rotate in the case of the work/sleep cells. It is light, modular and reusable. It makes up the windows and doors of the
structure and fits into the exoskeleton. In the spaces between the structural exoskeleton and the internal walls the
electrical and plumbing services are passed.
Collaborative cells
Section
Plan

23
Sleep/Work
cell
Bathroom
cell
Kitchen
cell
Collaborative
cells
Lens of the Future

24
9 Lenses of Housing
Section
Accessibility through the cells is in the form of smaller connection cells. These cells contain elevators, escalators
and modern means of transport. The cells relate to the existing building by increasing the loading capacity of
the program. More bathrooms, more work spaces, sleeping cells, kitchens and laundry are added to the building.
Auditoriums and large scale spaces are maintained in the University west wing. Thus the building becomes
multifunctional and can handle any program.

25
Plan
Making use of the terrace, courtyard and parking lot around the building, the cells inhabit all these spaces. The create
activity in the courtyard, attach to the classrooms and terraces creating alternate structures and new pathways to
move through the building. The cells wrap themselves around the building and attach to windows and doors and
become a continuation of the internal space. All spaces outside the work/sleep cell become community spaces and
encourage interaction. The building becomes a neighbourhood.
Lens of the Future

26
9 Lenses of Housing
Work Plane
Courtyard Atmosphere
Sleep Plane

27
Grow with the flow
Lens of the Future

28
9 Lenses of Housing
Photograph of Zurich SBB Neugasse station by Peter Gertsch

29
The Lens of the Reuse
Making do and Getting by with 1073 rooms
A solution for Good Conditions of Life
Workshop leaders - Anne Lacaton
Workshop Assistant - Diego Garcia
1 week workshop
Project site - Zurich SBB train depot
Adaptive Reuse
Brief
The project is to redevelop an existing train depot in the city of Zurich.
With expansion of the city, the train depot is now on prime land and
needs to be absorbed into the city through housing. The depot consists
of three large-span sheds, one office building and one existing housing
tower in poor condition. The intention of the project is not to demolish and
redevelop but to make the most of available resources on site. Through
the project a manifesto of good design is to be formed - that will be
followed and executed in the project.
Project Team
Jorge Sanchez Bajo
Alexandre De Rungs
Karol Diaz
Nayanatara Tampi
Lens of the Reuse

30
9 Lenses of Housing
NO HUMAN
SCALE
NO
MATERIAL
QUALITY
EXCESSIVE NO SPATIAL
NOT A
RIGHT
MINIMUN
UNIFORMITY
BAD
COMMON
SPACES
BUILD A
NEIGH-
BOURHOOD
CONTROL
OVER
DEVELOP-
MENT
NO
UPGRADA-
TION
LIGHT
WHAT MAKES GOOD CONDITIONS OF LIFE?
WHAT IS GOOD HOUSING IN THE CITY?
WHAT MAKES THE QUALITY OF A SPACE?
WHAT DO INHABITANTS EXPECT FROM HOUSING IN TERMS OF USE, EVERYDAY LIFE?
WHAT PRODUCES SENSATIONS IN BEING IN A SPACE?
DOES HOUSING GENERALLY MEET EVERYONE'S DREAMS OR NEEDS?
WHAT SHOULD I FIND IN MY CLOSE NEIGHBORHOOD?
WHAT MAKES THE QUALITY OF A NEIGHBORHOOD?
WHICH IS MY RESPONSIBILITY AS AN ARCHITECT?
WHY IS HOUSING -GENERALLY- NOT GOOD?
WHAT RESPONSIBILITIES DO PUBLIC AUTHORITIES HAVE REGARDING HOUSING?
WHAT ARE WE LOOKING FOR?
WHERE ARE THE PROBLEMS: IN CONDITIONS OF PRODUCTION?
BREEZE FREEDOM
ALOCATION
CONNEC-
TION
THRESH-
OLDS
SENSE OF
MATERIALI-
TY
DOMESTICI-
TY
COMFORT
FLEXIBILITY INTIMACY
CUSTOMIZA-
TION
SOUND CONTINUITY
TIME
LIGHT
LIGHT
LEISURE NATURE WORK WORK
VIEWS
PRODUCTIV-
ITY
DIVERSITY SAFETY
FAMILIARITY FAMILIARITY
EQUALITY
EQUALITY
ENVIRON- PRIVACY HAPPINESS
PROXIMITY
PROXIMITY
RESILIENCE TYPOLOGY
SENSE OF
LUXURY
NOT ONLY
LIABILITY
NOT ONLY A
SERIAL
PRODUCT
NOT ONLY A
SERVICE
NOT ONLY
AREA

32
9 Lenses of Housing
content within container
content is container
Strategies - making use of existing train shed
existing shelter
sunlight from above
diversity of spaces
no new foundations
exterior - interior comfort

33
Ground floor Continuity
Increase absorption capacity
Proliferation
Lens of the Reuse

34
9 Lenses of Housing
train rails grid
A
50 sq.m
x65 units
B
52 sq.m
x63 units
C
44 sq.m
x69 units
D
33 sq.m
x45 units
E
25 sq.m
x87 units
F
18 sq.m
x30 units
G
5 sq.m
x76 units
service lines and service
modules
horizontal expansion
vertical expansion

35
Built
Unbuilt
Streets and access
Lens of the Reuse

36
9 Lenses of Housing
Site plan
Site section

38
9 Lenses of Housing
Detail Neighbourhood Plan

40
9 Lenses of Housing
Before
After

41
Plan
Existing housing upgrade and
New housing building
Section
Lens of the Reuse

42
9 Lenses of Housing
Plan
Office building adapted to
housing
Section

43
3D axonometric
Lens of the Reuse

44
9 Lenses of Housing
Atmospheres

45
Atmospheres
Lens of the Reuse

46
9 Lenses of Housing
Ettore Sottsass Mobile and Flexible Environment module 1972

47
The Lens of Activity
Food for a 100 days
Domestic Fragments
Workshop leaders - Elli Mosayebi
Workshop Assistant - Alvaro Martin Fidalgo
1 week workshop
Project site - Unknown
Single Unit Home
Brief
Three words describing activities were randomly allotted to each team as
a brief. Our words were:
Fridge
Inviting Guests
Repairing
We selected an environment to work in and respond to in our proposal:
‘Climate with little rainfall and temperatures below 10 degrees celsius
and 0 degrees celsius in winter. These territories are covered with moss,
lichens and small bushes and are usually swampy areas.’
The project was to be focussed around resolving spaces specific to our
activities. The form of the building should take into account the climate
and be responsive to it. The project was to be explained in only three
documents;
A plan
A miniature drawing
An axonometric detail.
Project Team
Andres Solano
Anastasia Lizardou
Nayanatara Tampi
Lens of Activity

48
9 Lenses of Housing
Food for a 100 days
The amount of food calculated to feed four residents and four guests for a hundred days is;
200 kgs Flour / 132 doz. eggs / 32kgs cheese / 24kgs butter / 8 dried hams / 74 dried salmon / 32
smoked salmon / 80 kgs fruit / 72 jars jam / 80kgs vegetables / 80 kgs rice / 240 litres milk / 12
litres oil / 240 litres wine / 8kgs coffee / 8kgs tea / 24kg sugar / 5kg salt / 64kg legumes

49
!!
Food as a brick of the house
Temperatures in the house like
layers of an onion
Kitchen
Dining
Living
Bedroom
Bedroom
Bathrooms
Outdoors
Lens of Activity

51
Miniature
Miniature is an Islamic art form dated back to the 16th Century. It is
used to describe, places, atmospheres, stories and action.
A miniature painting does not follow the 3 dimensional planes
and perpectives of reality, instead it shows all that is important in
one plane. The plan, section, axonometric and movement can be
understood through the painting.
It shows within the building and also without. The external form and
imagery as well as the action taking place within the building. The
miniature has context, the surroundings are well detailed and part
of the story. Nature has a very important role to play in miniature
paintings.
Miniatures makes use of text within the art work to tell the story and
guide the eyes of the observer. Miniatures are a story of details and
the longer one observes the painting the more information one can
garner from it.
The frame is an important aspect of the painting as it shows where
the story ends. However it is quite common for elements to extend
beyond the frame to show importance or extension into reality.
Lens of Activity

52
9 Lenses of Housing
-10°C
-10°C
-10°C
-10°C
d
r
i
e
d
s
a
l
m
o
n
d
r
i
e
d
m
e
a
t
ch
ee
se
mi
lk
bu
tt
er
le
gu
me
s
ri
ce
5°C
m
i
l
k
e
g
g
s
dried
salmon
dried
meat
10°C
12°C
w
i
n
e
18°C
18
f
i
s
h
s
t
o
r
a
g
e
m
e
a
t
s
t
o
r
a
g
e
dr
ie
d
fr
ui
ts
dried
fruit
dried
fruit
co
ff
ee
te
a

53
-10°C
12°C
ja
rs
&
pi
ck
le
s
20°C
fr
es
h
fo
od
ol
iv
e
oi
l
25°C
18°C
18°C
18°C
20°C
c
o
v
e
r
e
d
s
t
o
v
e
smoked salmon
250°C
250°C
s
t
o
v
e
10°C
dr
ie
d
fr
ui
ts
ca
nn
ed
ve
ge
ta
bl
es
su
ga
r
sa
lt
co
mp
ot
ed
fo
od
Lens of Activity

54
9 Lenses of Housing
Food for a 100 days
Through the form of the house, fire and wind are channelled to create zones of various temperatures. The innermost
zones near the kitchen are the warmest, whereas the outer wall channel the wind to create cool zones that act as
cellars. Each zone of temperature is appropriate for the natural preservation of food through the winter. Each zone is
demarcated by temperature to hold certain domestic activities.
The excess storage of food necessitates the inviting of guests.
The food stored within the walls of the house need to be replaced and thus the house is in continuous form of repair.

55
6
1
2
3
3
4
5
Details Legend
1 - Stone Boulder walls
2 - Rotating sealed ‘fridge’ door
3 - Wooden ‘shelf’ storage walls
4 - Wooden frame for Salmon drying
5 - Wooden deck floor
6 - Double sealed windows
Lens of Activity

56
9 Lenses of Housing
Housing in Montmartre, Paris by Kempe Thill Architects. Photograph by Ulrich Schwarz

57
The Lens of Construction
From Paris to Rio de Janeiro
Construction
Specialty leaders : ARUP
Ignacio Fernandez, Archie Campbell, David Castro
Diego Garcia Setien
4 week specialty
Project site - Rio de Janeiro
Apartment Building
Brief
The project was introduced as a transformation design. We were given
the existing Housing project in Montmartre by Kempe Thill architects.
Our brief was to transport this design into a warmer climate, selecting
a user group and transforming the building to suit the new needs and
environment. This meant climatic and social needs as well as local
construction systems. A new requirement of the project was to utilise
industrialisation to make a faster and lighter construction and be
conscious of carbon footprint in the material and design choices. We also
explored new circular service infrastructure to reduce the overall load of
the building on the city.
Project Team
Alex De Rungs
Alexia Valtadorou
Androniki Petrou
Flavia Fernandes
Nayanatara Tampi
Lens of Construction

58
9 Lenses of Housing
Montmartre, Paris
France
The housing in Montmartre is a glass facade, with a minimised footprint for social housing. It is designed to
maximise solar gain in winter by creating winter gardens running through the whole perimeter of the building. The
structure is in concrete and with internal light weight partition walls.
Rio de Janiero enjoys a warm and humid climate with minimal variation from summer to winter and day to night. It is
located in Brazil and has access to structural timber and CLT industries. The client we chose for this project is upper
middle class families. Accordingly we focussed on creating a comfortable adjustable indoor climate for the year
round.
Our first step was to enlarge the building footprint. We created an internal passage for cross ventilation through the
building. The double facade was maintained, but instead of glass we used wooden louvres that could shade the
interior while allowing ventilation through the building. The balcony perimeter was maintained as an architectural
feature to promote enjoying the natural outdoor climate while reducing noise and pollution. We proposed to build the
project in CLT and industrialise the components for fast construction.

59
Jacarapagua, Rio de Janeiro
Brazil

60
9 Lenses of Housing
Concrete Base Structure
In- situ concrete base in pile
foundation container fresh
water tank and grey water
tanks
Precast concrete columns
1.0mx0.5m in parking grid
3.6mx6.0m with corner
protection finish
Ground floor commercial
frontage with glass facade
and internal lightweight
partition walls
0.5mx0.6 precast concrete
beams in parking grid with
rough concrete finish
Staircase and lift core in
concrete shear walls 0.2m
thick for wind bracing and
fire safety
Precast concrete slab 1.2m
thick with grid change in
above floors and wood
decking finish
1
1
2
3
4
5
2
3
4
5
6
6

61
Cross Laminated Timber Structure
Rotatable Louvre Facade
1.2mx2.8m in Timber
construction with exterior
polish finish
Internal window facade
panels in Cross Laminated
Timber wall panels and
Timber frame glass double
doors 2.4mx2.4
Primary Cross Laminated
Timber walls 0.2m thick in
grid of 3.0mx4.0m
Light interior polish finish
Secondary Cross Laminated
Timber walls 0.15m thick with
plumbing and tile finish in
bathrooms and kitchens
1.5m wide lightweight
Balcony slab in wood
decking and steel structure
containing rotating
mechanism
3.0mx12.0mx0.2m thick
Cross Laminated Timber
slabs containing plumbing,
piping, electrical and HVAC
services
Terrace layer with solar
panels, HVAC outdoor units
and heat recycling units
7
7
8
8
9
9
10
10
11
11
12
12
13
13

62
9 Lenses of Housing
Facade
Every apartment has two exterior
façades and one facade opening
into the internal ventilation
passage.
The building is designed for cross
ventilation at all times to control
the high humidity in the climate.
Based on movement of the sun
and direction of the wind the
facades panels are mechanised
to reduce heat gain and maximise
cross ventilation through the
building.
This will ensure minimal heat
gain in the building thus reducing
the overall HVAC demand in the
building, without any intervention
needed by the users.
For the optimum use of
ventilation and shading especially
in summer, the louvres should be
adjusted as below
Morning (0700-1100)
Sun in East and wind from N-W
N : Partially open 45°
S : Partially open 45°
E : Partially open 45°
W : Partially open 45°
Afternoon (1200 - 1600)
Sun in North and
wind from N-E/S-W
N : Closed
S : Open 90°
E : Open 90°
W : Open 90°
Evening (1700 - 2100)
Sun in West and Wind in S-W
W : Closed
Night
Wind in S-W
W : Partially Open 45°
Closed facade
Semi-open facade
Open facade

63
6
7
8
1
9 2
2
13
10
3
14
11
12
4
15
5
5
2
2
0.2m thick Cross Laminated Timber floor slab
Steel Beam UNP 180
Steel Beam IPE 160
Hollow steel beam 0.05x0.05m
Hollow steel beam 0.1x0.08m
Impact insulation layer
0.02m thick concrete floor layer
Wooden deck floor finish interior
Gutter grate
Waterproofing Membrane
Wooden deck flooring exterior
Wooden frame window
Rotating wooden louvre
Horizontal metal railing
Rainwater down take pipe
Flower bed framework
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Legend
Facade Detail
13
14
11
4
2
16
16
1
12
16

64
9 Lenses of Housing
The structure is made up of 1920 parts

65
Industrialisation
1920 parts
46 small containers 23 large containers
Timber Industry 5km from site
Prefabricated Concrete Industry 72km from site
Total km travelled = 747km
0.39 tonnes CO2 footprint
(Transportation)
Knolling
Knolling is the arrangement of components in a specific methodical pattern such that each component is clearly
visible and identifiable from on another. The components are also arranged in the order in which the are meant to be
used.
In a situation where all the components of a project are prefabricated, the main task at site is storage and assembly.
It is important to form a method of identification, categorisation and organization of all components entering the site
and being absorbed into the building.
Typical Construction 2D flat-pack Construction 3D modular Construction
No overlap of construction
Timeline
Transportation Emissions Transportation Emissions Transportation Emissions
Timeline Timeline
Overlap of construction times
fabrication done off-site
Assembled on-site
Overlap of construction times
fabrication done off-site
Assembled off-site

66
9 Lenses of Housing
Services
The services design proposes to reuse energy within the building to make the appliances as circular as possible and
reduce dependency on external supply of energy
The heat produced by the external HVAC unit is reused in the water heating system for the bathrooms and kitchens.
The outdoor unit is directly connected to the heaters on each floor to complete the cycle
Recycling grey water from bathrooms and kitchens is done within the building in the basement level. The water is
collected and filtered before it is sent for domestic use in the toilet flush tanks
Solar panels on the roof create an additional source of energy that reduces the external demand of energy from the
city

67
Electricity savings due to climatic design and solar panels
45%
Flush water demand reduction by grey water reuse
70%
Water heating energy requirement reduction by HVAC heat reuse
85%

68
9 Lenses of Housing
Chrabliyine Mosque, Morocco. Photographer unknown

69
The Lens of Constraints
The Bazaar
Working and Living Structures
Workshop leader : Andrea Deplazes
Workshop Assistant : Nuria Murais, Fernando Altozano
1 week workshop
Project site - Barcelona
Urban Block design
Brief
The project was introduced as a an urban proposal to be designed from
the bottom up. Each team was given a set of constraints regarding the
site and the living and working program. Our constraints were:
Live and work separated
Front and Back closed
We were asked to start the design using hand sketches and grid books
and to start from the smallest unit of design. The approach was to
develop from the smallest cell an understanding towards the needs to the
whole. Accordingly we were to develop a master plan.
Project Team
Ishan Goyal
Nancy Mandhan
Nayanatara Tampi
Lens of Constraints

70
9 Lenses of Housing
L w
Live and work separated
Front and back closed
A street
A staggering street
Minimising functional spaces
Maximising appropriatable spaces
Design Strategies

71
El Poblenou
The site was located in the industrial part of El Poblenou, Barcelona. This area is historically under developed and
requires a new urban stimulus. However we should avoid the mistakes of over densification and loss of open space
made in the fully developed parts of Barcelona.
Lens of Constraints

72
9 Lenses of Housing
Process street plan

73
Process unit development
Live Units Work Units
Lens of Constraints

74
9 Lenses of Housing
THE BAZAAR
Site
Land parcels
Path networks
Horizontal planes
Live and work units
Wall patterns

75
AR Site Plan
Lens of Constraints

76
9 Lenses of Housing
Detail Neighbourhood Plan

80
9 Lenses of Housing
Maersk tripe E ship building. Photo by Alastair Philip Wiper

81
Lens of Community
The Lens of Community
Shipyards
Ordinariness and Life
Workshop leader : Hrvoje Njiric
Workshop Assistant : Esperanza Campana
1 week workshop
Project site - Split, Croatia
Community Housing design
Brief
The project was designed to be site and user specific. The first task was
to analyse the city of Split in Croatia and select a specific user group. The
user group was used to define the program and typology of housing.
Secondly we focussed on creating community by focussing on
community spaces and activities in the urban design. Early on the in the
design we explored the structure and construction systems. The steep
terrain of the site was an important challenge that was to be continuously
addressed through model and sections. The final design was to be
detailing down to furniture details and interior finishes to give a clear
concept of the project.
Project Team
Joaquin Ipince
Flavia Fernandes
Isabella Pineda
Cristhian Haro
Nayanatara Tampi

82
9 Lenses of Housing
Split, Croatia
As Split is a port city, we chose to design for a community of shipbuilders. The shipbuilders as a community already
have the tools to build for themselves and within the community we can find carpenters, electricians, welders and
laminatorst. With these tools in mind we proposed to go for an incremental housing approach.
The idea is that we provide the basic framework needed to support the construction of the house and the remaining
is filled in as the family unit grows. This process of building brings the community together and makes the hosuing
project affordable for everyone.
Port City
Ship yard Housing

83
staircase
kitchen
bathroom
core core
staircase
kitchen
bathroom
bedroom
living
room
bedroom
living
room
atelier atelier
A sequence in time
Incrementality Principle
What is the most difficult?
What can’t be done individually?
What guarantees common future?
Lens of Community

84
9 Lenses of Housing
Haro, Ipince, Pineda, Guimaraes,Tampi
Urban Layout
Urban Layout
A
B
Contour response
Structural framework
Service cores

85
Core Expansion
A
B
Urban Layout Plan
Lens of Community

86
9 Lenses of Housing
Framework
Primary floor beams
Service cores
kitchens and toilets
Internal walls and openings

88
9 Lenses of Housing
Phase I
Phase II
Phase III
Phase IV
Floor Plan Incremental growth

89
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
13
14
15
16
13
14
17
18
19
13
14
17
20
10
13
14
15
16
13
14
17
18
19
13
14
17
20
8
10
13
14
15
16
13
14
17
18
19
13
14
17
20
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
0.15m thick concrete plinth
0.2m thick CLT slabs
Polish finished CLT
I-section 0.2mx0.15m
Steel frame in I-section 0.3mx0.15m
Dry wall 0.15m thick
Wooden frame windows
Drywall internal partition 0.1m thick
Internal 10 cm core wall with tiling
Temporary canvas shading
Solar panels fit into frame
Frameworks
Timber and stud frame
Insulation infill layer
Moisture resistant gypsum board
Tiling finish
Particle board layers
Gypsum Panel
Water resistant paint coating
Resin polish finish (open to user)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Construction layers
Wall types
Lens of Community

91
12
2
3
1
11
10
9
8
7 6 5
4
Lens of Community

94
9 Lenses of Housing
Corrala Section, Archives Madrid Municipality

95
The Lens of Community
Corrala for Everyone
La Corrala
Workshop leader : Alison Brooks
Workshop Assistant : Alejandro de Miguel Solano
1 week workshop
Project site - Madrid, Spain
Community Housing design
Brief
The project was to understand and reinterpret the traditional Spanish
Corrala house. This is typically a long building with a shared corridor and
apartments leading from it. It is a design borne out of necessity.
The site given to us was a complex situation where the neighbourhood
had taken over the empty plot and converted it into a thriving community
garden. Existing on site were play spaces for children, vegetable patches,
outdoor workspaces and a small amphitheatre. The new proposal should
maintain the function of giving back to the community and should add to
the existing site without reducing its current community value.
The project was to be a residence to artist and art students. The program
also included workshops and art galleries for the display of their work.
Project Team
Jorge Sanchez Bajo
Juanita Gomez
Bettina Kagelmacher
Nayanatara Tampi
Lens of Tradition

96
9 Lenses of Housing
To preserve
Existing Community Garden
Views, sunlight and ventilation from
surrounding buildings into site
Longitudinal building proposed of
minimum width, maximising open space
Opening ground floor for thoroughfare
and continuous access to community
garden

97
Top floor views to the surrounding city
Appropriate location for art gallery and
workshops
One facade for the residents
and the garden
One facade for the city and
public
Two facades
Program
Common work space and gallery
Living units
Ground floor community garden
Lens of Tradition

98
9 Lenses of Housing
Lavapies neighbourhood in Madrid with project footprint

99
Ground floor Plan
Street
Street
Lens of Tradition

100
9 Lenses of Housing
Typical floor plan

101
2.45
2.50
2.45
8.80
1.40
3.00
6.00
3.00
Building A - Type 01
2.30
2.70
2.50
7.50
9.00
3.00 3.00 3.00
Typical Living unit Smaller Block
Typical Living unit Longitudinal Block
Lens of Tradition

102
9 Lenses of Housing
Longitudinal Site Section

104
9 Lenses of Housing
Site Axonometric

105
Corrala Interior
Common Corridor
Lens of Tradition

106
9 Lenses of Housing
Ground floor continuity
Community Garden

107
Internal facade
External facade
Lens of Tradition

108
9 Lenses of Housing
Child friendly High Density Neighbourhoods by Natalia Krysiak

109
The Lens of the City
Growing in the City
Urban farming and Urban Childhoods
Urban Design and City Sciences
Specialty leaders : Gemma Peribañez, Jose Maria Ezquiaga
Susana Isabel, Julia Landaburu (ARUP)
4 week specialty
Project site - Madrid, Spain
Urban Design development
Brief
The site given to us was a suburb in very good proximity to the Centro
of Madrid. The area originally belonged to the military and few relics of
military barracks remain. It is located in the historically neglected south
of Madrid on the edge of the large Casa de Campo green reserve. A very
important defining factor of the site was the highway passing through the
center, splitting the site into two parts.
We were asked to approach the urban design with a driving concept that
would create a continuous line of story through the design. The new
proposal should accommodate a good enough density of housing to
create new urban centres in the city. Services and Infrastructure in terms
of water, electricity and waste networks should be focussed on early on
in the project.
Project Team
Gaurav Chordia
Suzanne Kteich
Karol Diazv
Nayanatara Tampi
Lens of the City

110
9 Lenses of Housing
24,07
329,02
56.27
123.75
115
115
125
52
121
128
203
65
115
115
125
52
121
128
203
Barcelona Block
115m x115m
12425sq.m
Kyoto Block
125m x52m
6422sq.m
Madrid Block
121m x 128m
15487sq.m
Barcelona Block
203m x 65m
13195sq.m
65
Researching Block Size
The understanding of the correct size for the city block was a
crucial exercise for us. We studied the example of four planned
cities - Manhattan in New York, Poblenou in Barcelona, Kyoto
old city and Madrid centro city block. We applied each of these
examples directly into our site to understand density, road
frequency, block proportions and orientation to the sun.
While doing this research we began to understand walk-ability
and legibility of a city for the user. Efficiency of the urban block
and the health of the buildings within the block with response to
climate varied from city to city, for example Madrid city blocks
tend to be very deep with internal patios for light and ventilation.
We chose to the design the project for the most vulnerable
social group, for children. We understood that cities designed
for children are cities designed for everybody. In this case to
understand legibility of a city to child, we looked at the example
of Kyoto.
In Kyoto it is common for children to run errands independently
from a very young age. Children often lead the way to school in
groups unaccompanied by an adult. For us this was a very good
example to learn about cities for children. In this case we were
able to attribute part of child safety in the city to small walk able
block sizes.
City block Collage
Barcelona Block
115m x 115m
12425 sq.m
Kyoto Block
125m x 125m
6422 sq.m
Madrid Block
121m x 121m
6422 sq.m
Manhattan
Block
203m x 65m
13195 sq.m

111
Existing Highway
Retained buildings and road network
Strong pedestrian connection through site
Lens of the City

112
9 Lenses of Housing
City Level Block Level H
y
p
e
r
b
lo
c
k
L
e
v
e
l
Neighborhood Level
Daily Use
Ne
igh
bo
rho
od
Le
ve
l
not
Da
ily
Us
e
250 m
5
0
0
m
750 m
85
0
m
1000 m
Prim
ary
School
P
l
a
y
g
r
o
u
n
d
N
u
rs
e
ry
Hospital
M
u
s
e
u
m
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
B
l
o
c
k
L
e
v
e
l
F
i
r
e
s
t
a
t
i
o
n
P
o
li
c
e
s
ta
ti
o
n
Municipal
Office
s
p
o
rt
c
a
m
p
M
u
lt
im
e
d
ia
li
b
r
a
r
y
l
i
b
r
a
r
y
R
e
l
i
g
i
o
n
C
e
n
t
e
r
S
p
o
rt
fi
e
ld
Youths
center
C
o
m
m
u
n
it
y
C
e
n
te
r
S
e
c
o
n
d
a
r
y
S
c
h
o
o
l
M
a
r
k
e
t
s
Shops
Health center
Sport Center
Old Age center
Kids Center
5km/h
Average
Walking speed
= 85m/min.
5min walk - 425m
10min walk - 850m
15min walk - 1275m
GROCERIES,
NEIGHBOURHOOD
LVL
GREEN
SPACE
VEHICULAR
STREET
PUBLIC
TRANSPORTATION
PRIMARY
SCHOOL
KINDERGARTEN,
SPORTS
FACILITIES
PRIMARY
SCHOOL
KINDERGARTEN
5mins 10mins 15mins 20mins 25mins
COUNTRY
PARK
Maximum parking
distance
Maximum
parking
distance
More pedestrian streets and fewer
traffic crossings
What is a 5 minute walk in the city?
5 min walk - 425m
10min walk - 850m
15 min walk - 1275m
Popsicle test
Can a child leave their house and go to the
closest grocery store, buy a popsicle and return
home independently before it is melted?
This is a measure of the diversity of
opportunities available to a child to move around
in the city independently.
More pedestrian crossings, fewer traffic crossings
5 km/h = 85m/min

113
400x400m superblock
only pedestrian access within
Offices and commercial spaces
with road frontage. Institutions in
the center
Continuous pedestrian
access prioritised through the
neighbourhood
Concept Block
The initial concept was to propose a high density low rise development, similar to what exists in Madrid centro. The
first step was to exclude vehicular traffic in the block, to make it more safe for children to move around freely. The
second step was to propose uses according to location and orientation. By keep offices on the periphery, vehicular
access and parking is made accessible. The shops and other commercial spaces are placed on the periphery for high
footfall. Internally, an institution in the centre activates the block and keeps the block active and safe throughout the
day.
1 2 3
4
Lens of the City

114
9 Lenses of Housing
Urban farming and open spaces
Site Plan
Land Use legend Mobility Legend
1
2
3
4
5
7
8
9
6
Sustainable forestry
Land Farming
Outdoor camping and barbecue
Rainwater percolation pond
Agronomics Institute
Residential Land Use
Commercial Land Use
Institutional Land Use
Offices and back end Commercial
12m Pedestrian and emergency access routes
Vehicular access 18m
Urban farming corridor varying
Bus stops
Transport Hub - Metro, intercity bus, Taxis
Pedestrian bridge connection
Urban city centre
City cultural centre
Existing Sports centre
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

115
Land Use Site plan
Mobility Site plan
Lens of the City

116
9 Lenses of Housing
Neighbourhood Level
The neighbourhood level if designed well, is the space the child has to explore independently. In order to create
spaces comfortable for children some strategies were employed;
The urban farming corridor was created as a meandering corridor which opens up in bubbles along the main
path. This creates spaces of interest and legible landmarks for children to view and understand the space.
A continuous line of vision is maintained along this corridor, even in the meandering path. In case of feeling lost,
one can always return to the line of sight to find their way.
Main vehicular roads are kept at the periphery for fast moving traffic. Internal to the neighbourhood the streets
are designed for slow moving traffic with frequent pedestrian crossings.
Urban farming and open spaces
Neighbourhood Plan
Land Use legend Mobility Legend
Residential Land Use
Commercial Land Use
Institutional Land Use
Offices and back end Commercial
Slow moving vehicular access
Urban farming corridor line of sight
12m pedestrian and emergency routes
1
2
3

117
Land use Neighbourhood Plan
Mobility Neighbourhood Plan
Lens of the City

118
9 Lenses of Housing
Pedestrian Bridge and Highway section
The pedestrian bridge is the element that strengthens the connections across the site. By providing public activities
along the two ends of the site and central importance to the entire urban district, the pedestrian bridge will carry
the maximum footfall. The first intervention is to reduce noise and pollution from the highway by introducing a 10m
green belt on either side of the highway. The green belt will carry cycling tracks and jogging tracks ot encourage non-
vehicular access within the site. A service road will connect to highway carrying buses and major traffic connections.
The office buildings act as a noise barrier between the highway and the internal neighbourhoods.
The pedestrian bridge will be part of every day routes for the residents accessing activities across the site. It
contains small scale green houses, farmers markets and temporary food stalls along the way. By making the route
of pedestrian access full of activity it becomes a safe, more enjoyable route even if it takes longer to reach the
destination over using a vehicle.
1.50 2.50 2.00 1.50 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.50 2.00 4.00 1.50
3.00
JOGGING
TRACK
CYCLING
TRACK GREEN EMERGENCY
LANE
BUS/TRUCKS CARS CARS CARS CARS CARS CARS BUS/TRUCKS GREEN 2-WAY
SERVICE ROAD
CYCLING
TRACK
PEDESTRIAN
2.50
PEDESTRIAN
1.00
3.00
GREEN

119
Roof area to be
reserved for solar
panels
30%
Roof area to be
reserved for Urban
farming
30%
Roof area to be
reserved for organic
waste management
15%
Policy Level
Circularity and resilience in service infrastructure
Block Level
Organic waste
composting
Urban farming
Solar Panels
Grey water recycling
Lens of the City

120
9 Lenses of Housing
Local rainwater +
greywater recycling
Communal Toy box
Summer
showers
Toddler play
areas
Jungle Gym
and play
area
Amphitheatre
and
performance
area
Water
recycling
fountain
Urban play
yard
Community
Centre and
Library
Primary
school as
community
heart
Nature play
and mud
garden
Intergenerational
makers space
with rooftop
court Cafeteria
Outdoor
seating
cafeteria
Market and daily
shopping
Urban catalysts at block level

121
Overlooking Toddler play areas
Primary school as community heart
Intergenerational spaces
Line of sight
hey, lets go , we’re
getting late for
class!
lets get out
of here!
kids, you can go
play in workshop
while i buy
groceries
hey son,
be careful
on the
tricycle!
honey, take
the dog with
you when you
go out
hey wait up, i’m
coming with
you!
his house is
just down the
block, i know!
`its next to the
school, we
can go there
together!
dad, I found my
friends, I’m going
to wait here
mom,
i want
to go to
school on
my new
cycle!
Lens of the City

Nayanatara Tampi, MCH2022, India

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