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Connecting offshore platforms to a subsea cable system Jerry Brown
This presentation covers some of the key points and lessons learned from the implementation of a 1300km long submarine cable system in the Gulf of Thailand.
• The driver for the project was to improve offshore communications (based on performance, reliability and security) by means of a fiber optic cable network.
• The Oil and Gas Companies chose to select a carrier model rather than take ownership of the subsea system
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The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
4. • Monitoring is that aspect which considers checking of the position of the vessel, such
that it remains within the safe distance from any danger areas. Parallel Indexing can
be used to maintain safe distance alongside any hazards to navigation. A safe and
successful voyage can only be achieved by close and continuous monitoring of the
ship’s progress along the pre-planned tracks. Situations may arise wherein the
navigating officer might feel it prudent to deviate from the plan. In such case, he shall
inform the master and take any action that he may deem necessary for the safety of
the ship and its crew. This stage is a very important stage wherein all the deck officers
contribute their part to execute the plan. This calls for personal judgement, good
seamanship and experience.
Neo
6. 1.Electronic Chart Display and
Information System (ECDIS):
1. ECDIS integrates electronic
navigational charts (ENCs) with
real-time ship position and heading
data to provide an accurate view of
the vessel's position.
2. It can automatically monitor the
planned route and alert the
navigator if the vessel deviates from
the route or approaches hazards.
Ochea
7. 1.Radar and Radar Display Systems:
1. Radar provides information about
nearby vessels and obstacles,
which can be overlaid on electronic
charts in ECDIS or standalone
radar displays to enhance
situational awareness.
Ochea
8. 1.Electronic Logbooks and Reports:
1. Electronic logbooks can be
automatically populated with voyage
data, including position, speed,
course, and other metrics, to keep a
digital record of the voyage for
analysis.
Ochea
9. 1.Global Positioning System (GPS):
1. GPS provides real-time positioning
information that can be integrated
into navigational systems like
ECDIS for precise monitoring of
the vessel's position.
Munoz
10. 1.Automatic Identification System (AIS):
1. AIS is used to track other ships'
movements in the vicinity of your
vessel. This system receives
information from other ships and
coastal stations, helping you adjust
your course to avoid collisions and
maintain safe distances.
Munoz
11. 1.Voyage Data Recorder (VDR):
1. The VDR continuously records
various data, including GPS, radar,
and ECDIS, allowing for post-
voyage analysis and real-time
monitoring of the vessel's journey.
Munoz
12. 1.Weather Monitoring Systems:
1. Weather information can be
integrated into the navigational
system, allowing for route
adjustments based on real-time
weather forecasts.
Munoz
13. 1.Satellite Communications:
1. Satellite systems can provide real-
time data transfer and
communication, including weather
updates, safety alerts, and
navigational warnings.
Namoco
14. WHAT IS THE USE OF
LOGBOOKS AND OTHER
LEGAL RELATED
DOCUMENTS IN THE
PREPARATION AND
MONITORING OF THE
VOYAGE?
15. • Accountability for shipboard operations are of umpteen importance; in that, the tasks that
are carried out as well as the existing conditions they are carried out under must be
recorded to have a formal/official document supporting the efficiency and reasoning
behind the job that has been undertaken. In case of an unfortunate incident, it is this
record that lends credibility to insurance claims and thereby ensures that the
competency of the officer recording the incident can be measured and a judgment
reached accordingly.
• It is for this reason that pretty much every task for every department has to have to have
some record in some logbook. The Deck Logbook, therefore, is a prime piece of
document that has in its record all actions that are undertaken in the bridge.
Namoco
16. • The logbook used to record various data, scenario, and situations (including emergency
situation and action) which are later used for reference, case study and for marine
insurance purpose in case of damage to the ship or loss of ship’s property should be
properly filled without any errors.
• It is because of this that one must be entirely sure of the entry that is to be made in the
deck logbook before making such an entry. Supplementary logs are thereby kept in a
place which requires data to be recorded prior to making an official entry into the
logbook. For example, the position is entered along with the heading, speed etc in the
chart/position logbook which is then used to make an official entry into the bridge
logbook towards the end of the watch.
Namoco
17. FOLLOWING ARE THE ENTRIES WHICH MUST BE FILLED
UP BY THE DECK OFFICER DURING HIS/HER WATCH:
• The position of the ship in Latitude and Longitude at different intervals.
• Time to be noted when Navigation marks are passed
• Time, details and reason if there is any course alteration
• Meteorological and weather conditions including details of sea, swell etc along with the
Beaufort scale that is prevalent
• Movement of the ship at sea including rolling, pitching, heaving etc
• Details of any abnormal condition
• Speed of the propulsion engine and speed of the ship in knots
• If involved in any kind of accidents like stranding, grounding etc. then details for the
same
Ouano
18. • Entry to be made if any physical contact with floating object or vessel is made
• Details of the distress signal received
• Entry for what kind of assistance is given to the distress signal sender
• If salvage operation is performed, complete details to be entered
• If there is an oil spill or other pollution accident, position of the ship, time and complete
incident to be recorded
• Record of general watch routines performed including fire watch
• Time of arrival and departure and ETA.
• If berthing or anchoring is planned, time for the same to be noted.
Ouano
19. • Heading and Compass error
• Drills and training carried out as well as inspections with regard to stowaways and
security-related measures
• Record of stores, fresh water etc received
Also, any other entries as required by master, company, and administration should also be
recorded in the logbook without fail.
Ouano
20. ADDITIONALLY
• An original page should never be removed from the Logbook. This is because the Deck
Logbook is used as official evidence in case of an unfortunate event
• Only official designations and symbols to be used
• If there is insufficient space in the Remarks section, insert a gummed paper strip instead
of making the logbook clumsy. This shouldn’t be necessary as there is ideal space to
record everything in precise language
• Remember that the logbook entry carries the OOW’s signature which means that the
OOW is responsible for all that is recorded by him which is a mark of his competency
and accuracy of the data that is entered. The above list of data to be entered is only
indicative and more detailed information pertaining to the Bridge Log Book can be read
at here.
Ouano
