This document summarizes key ideas about the concept of nature in philosophy. It discusses nature as viewed by ancient Greek philosophers like Aristotle, Renaissance philosophers like Giordano Bruno, and how the modern scientific view turned nature into a mechanistic system to be conquered. It also examines the double meaning of nature as both a living organism and a mechanism. Finally, it explores new approaches to environmental ethics and how the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted humanity's interdependence with nature.
four lessons about philosophy. Students focused on Nature concept during the centuries, from ancient Greeks till the contemporary ethical approaches.
Last lesson is a brief reflection about Nature during Covid-19 time
This document summarizes various creation myths from around the world that involve the primordial sacrifice or death of a divine being or beings from whose body the world and its inhabitants are formed. It then discusses how these myths can be interpreted through the lens of the Unification Thought theory of creation, which holds that God first planned the original human couple and then planned all other beings and things based on their image. The document also summarizes myths involving creation from a cosmic egg and discusses how this symbolism relates to both religious creation stories and modern scientific theories like the Big Bang.
This document provides a summary and analysis of two opposing views on the aim and meaning of knowledge: that of Thomas Aquinas/Aristotle and that of Francis Bacon. Aquinas/Aristotle viewed the aim as contemplation of eternal truths for its own sake, while Bacon viewed the aim as using knowledge to better humanity by overcoming necessities and promoting happiness. The document discusses how these differing aims imply different types of knowledge and relationships between theory and practice. It also analyzes the concept of "use" in both views and how they relate to human freedom, power over nature, and responses to necessity.
Uti index-papers-e-chapter5-religion-philosophy-and-scienceHideumi Sekiguchi
This document examines the historical relationship between religion, philosophy, and science. It finds that throughout much of history:
1) Religion and philosophy often guided and supported the development of science by providing worldviews and direction for scientific inquiry.
2) Conflicts between religion/philosophy and science were usually not about the existence of God, but rather struggles between old and new views of nature.
3) Science has progressed according to God's providence, with mathematical and scientific discoveries often later being applied in unexpected ways. Religion and philosophy have played an important role in cultural progress despite occasional conflicts with science.
This document discusses different frameworks for understanding humanity's relationship with the environment, including anthropocentric and ecocentric models. It also summarizes perspectives from several ancient and modern thinkers such as Anaximander, Phytagoras, Kant, Marcuse, Mead, and Fromm. These philosophers proposed ideas like seeing nature as orderly and beautiful, recognizing humanity's domination of nature, developing an ecological conscience, and recognizing our duties to the wider community and environment. The document advocates shifting away from anthropocentrism towards perspectives like deep ecology and ecofeminism to encourage more sustainable relationships between humanity and nature.
Science has developed greatly from ancient to modern times. In ancient times, myths and superstitions dominated beliefs about the natural world. During the Scientific Revolution from 1500-1700, early scientists like Galileo, Kepler, and Newton established the foundations of modern science through experimentation and mathematical analysis of the natural world. Their work helped shift views away from ancient authorities like Aristotle and towards evidence-based understanding. Today, science continues to advance our knowledge through rigorous testing of hypotheses and theories against facts gathered through observation and experimentation.
Thomas Hobbes was an English philosopher born in 1588 known for his work on political philosophy. During the English Civil War in 1642, royalist power weakened and Hobbes fled to Paris in 1640 where he wrote critiques of Descartes and worked on his own philosophical works. His most influential work was 1651's Leviathan, which used a Social Contract Theory to argue the necessity of strong central government to avoid humanity's natural state of conflict and misery. Hobbes made major contributions to political philosophy through his examination of the relationship between the individual and the state.
This document discusses the current state of confusion in physics regarding the origins and development of the universe. It covers several key topics:
1) The inflationary theory proposes the universe rapidly expanded from something smaller than a proton but does not explain what caused the Big Bang. Cosmologists debate what preceded it.
2) Some propose the universe emerged from a quantum fluctuation, though how order developed from randomness is unclear.
3) For laws of physics to exist at the Big Bang implies a great mathematician/physicist predated the universe.
4) Explanations like multiverse theory raise more questions than answers and seem like science fiction. Mystery substances like dark matter and dark energy are largely un
four lessons about philosophy. Students focused on Nature concept during the centuries, from ancient Greeks till the contemporary ethical approaches.
Last lesson is a brief reflection about Nature during Covid-19 time
This document summarizes various creation myths from around the world that involve the primordial sacrifice or death of a divine being or beings from whose body the world and its inhabitants are formed. It then discusses how these myths can be interpreted through the lens of the Unification Thought theory of creation, which holds that God first planned the original human couple and then planned all other beings and things based on their image. The document also summarizes myths involving creation from a cosmic egg and discusses how this symbolism relates to both religious creation stories and modern scientific theories like the Big Bang.
This document provides a summary and analysis of two opposing views on the aim and meaning of knowledge: that of Thomas Aquinas/Aristotle and that of Francis Bacon. Aquinas/Aristotle viewed the aim as contemplation of eternal truths for its own sake, while Bacon viewed the aim as using knowledge to better humanity by overcoming necessities and promoting happiness. The document discusses how these differing aims imply different types of knowledge and relationships between theory and practice. It also analyzes the concept of "use" in both views and how they relate to human freedom, power over nature, and responses to necessity.
Uti index-papers-e-chapter5-religion-philosophy-and-scienceHideumi Sekiguchi
This document examines the historical relationship between religion, philosophy, and science. It finds that throughout much of history:
1) Religion and philosophy often guided and supported the development of science by providing worldviews and direction for scientific inquiry.
2) Conflicts between religion/philosophy and science were usually not about the existence of God, but rather struggles between old and new views of nature.
3) Science has progressed according to God's providence, with mathematical and scientific discoveries often later being applied in unexpected ways. Religion and philosophy have played an important role in cultural progress despite occasional conflicts with science.
This document discusses different frameworks for understanding humanity's relationship with the environment, including anthropocentric and ecocentric models. It also summarizes perspectives from several ancient and modern thinkers such as Anaximander, Phytagoras, Kant, Marcuse, Mead, and Fromm. These philosophers proposed ideas like seeing nature as orderly and beautiful, recognizing humanity's domination of nature, developing an ecological conscience, and recognizing our duties to the wider community and environment. The document advocates shifting away from anthropocentrism towards perspectives like deep ecology and ecofeminism to encourage more sustainable relationships between humanity and nature.
Science has developed greatly from ancient to modern times. In ancient times, myths and superstitions dominated beliefs about the natural world. During the Scientific Revolution from 1500-1700, early scientists like Galileo, Kepler, and Newton established the foundations of modern science through experimentation and mathematical analysis of the natural world. Their work helped shift views away from ancient authorities like Aristotle and towards evidence-based understanding. Today, science continues to advance our knowledge through rigorous testing of hypotheses and theories against facts gathered through observation and experimentation.
Thomas Hobbes was an English philosopher born in 1588 known for his work on political philosophy. During the English Civil War in 1642, royalist power weakened and Hobbes fled to Paris in 1640 where he wrote critiques of Descartes and worked on his own philosophical works. His most influential work was 1651's Leviathan, which used a Social Contract Theory to argue the necessity of strong central government to avoid humanity's natural state of conflict and misery. Hobbes made major contributions to political philosophy through his examination of the relationship between the individual and the state.
This document discusses the current state of confusion in physics regarding the origins and development of the universe. It covers several key topics:
1) The inflationary theory proposes the universe rapidly expanded from something smaller than a proton but does not explain what caused the Big Bang. Cosmologists debate what preceded it.
2) Some propose the universe emerged from a quantum fluctuation, though how order developed from randomness is unclear.
3) For laws of physics to exist at the Big Bang implies a great mathematician/physicist predated the universe.
4) Explanations like multiverse theory raise more questions than answers and seem like science fiction. Mystery substances like dark matter and dark energy are largely un
REFLECTING THE MIND OF NATURE IN HINDU AND AMAZONIAN (TUKANO) MYTHOLOGYecoj journal
Mythmaking presents us with an idiosyncratic fusion of language and metaphysics so as to simply convey meaning as language does, and also communicate an entire metaphysics at a level of meaning beyond language and image. Claiming so, is to attest to the relevance of myths in the operationalization of ecological worldviews. In this paper, I will assume such an operational relationship between myths and ecological worldviews. First and foremost, our worldviews act as ‘first principles’ in establishing our interaction with our environment. At a time when anthropogenic ecocide presents a grave threat to the balance of life on earth, this fundamental notion is of great relevance. Specifically, this paper will study how myths mediated human interaction with nature in the past and continue to do so today. By comparing sets of myths of the Tukano Indians of the Amazon and Hindus of India, I will identify two functions of myth as mediator between man and nature.
A human person contains a will to direct their own development towards fulfillment through unconditional truth, love, goodness, beauty, and unity. The environment provides conditions that allow for a living organism's development and growth, as well as dangers. There are two frameworks for understanding humans' relationship with the environment: the anthropocentric model which views humans as superior to nature, and the ecocentric model which views nature as superior and humans as part of the ecosystem. The ecocentric model includes theories of deep ecology, social ecology, and ecofeminism which emphasize holism, interdependence, and equality between all life. Pre-Socratic philosophers initiated a paradigm shift from mythological to rational explanations of nature's processes and origins
This presentation is all about how human behavior affects our environment,either positively or negatively. This also includes different thories about human person in the environment.
*The said words are not mine, credits to the owners
Ma. Kathrina G. Salud
Joevilyn M. Dulay
Jericho Abadilla
Carlos Bayan
Marlon Buhain
John Henry Clerigo
Gerald Condrillon
James Patrick Condrillon
Jervee Dela Crus
Ricardo Esteban
John Rey Labid
Mico Ricafrente
Neil Santos
John Michael Sunga
Cathleen Dale Bacolod
Mary Gane Bella
Emaila Cuano
Arriza Maw Datu
Precious Datugan
Myka Del Mundo
Pamela Estores
Camille Francisco
Lyra Mancilla
Rain Silao
Gigi Ubana
The document discusses the concepts of environmental ethics and ecology. It defines environmental ethics as the study of humans' moral obligation to preserve the natural environment and order. It discusses the theory of moral extensionism, which argues that natural entities have intrinsic value beyond their usefulness to humans. The document also defines ecology as the study of organism-environment interactions and interrelations. It provides examples of climatic, chemical, and biological environmental conditions. Finally, it discusses humans' relationship with nature and technology's impacts on degrading the environment.
1. The document discusses the emergence of environmental ethics as a new field in philosophy in the 1970s in response to growing concerns about the environmental crisis and humanity's relationship with nature.
2. It explores early influences on the field like Rachel Carson's Silent Spring and Lynn White Jr.'s argument that Judeo-Christian traditions encouraged domination of nature. It also discusses key figures who advocated extending moral consideration to the environment like Aldo Leopold.
3. Richard Routley and others argued against traditional anthropocentrism, proposing that natural entities have intrinsic value independent of their usefulness to humans. This challenged the field to develop new ethical theories justifying environmental protection.
LESSON 5- HUMAN PERSON IN HIS/HER ENVIRONMENT Cynalyn1
This document discusses different perspectives on human beings and their environment. It provides definitions of a human person and environment. It then summarizes some key pre-Socratic philosophers who shifted from mythical to rational explanations of the cosmos, including Anaximander and Pythagoras. It also discusses modern thinkers' views such as Immanuel Kant on beauty and morality, and Herbert Marcuse and George Herbert Mead on human power over and duties to nature. The conclusion calls for taking good care of nature to maintain balance in life.
This document discusses the doctrine of creation and how it has evolved over time in response to scientific advances. It addresses 5 challenges to the traditional doctrine from evolution, cosmology, physics, ecology, and neuroscience. The key points are:
1) The doctrine of creation was never intended as a scientific account but about God's relationship with creation.
2) In response to new understandings, the doctrine has expanded to include ideas like continuous creation and the possibility of life elsewhere in the universe.
3) Christian teachings have constantly adapted to new knowledge through history while maintaining core beliefs, showing doctrines are not fixed tests of orthodoxy.
Aphorisms concerning the interpretation of nature zealationZealation Shah
it is all about how to free the mind from superstitions, which are the sources of misunderstanding at the same time hindrances for crystal clear ideas. what we study, we observe and see: it is based on our understanding which not free from any kinds of biases and prejudices, which are also called idols. four kinds of idols Francis Bacon talks about tribe, cave, theatre and marketplace.
This document discusses three models of the relationship between science and religion:
1. Separate Domains - Science and religion remain isolated, with science rejecting supernatural explanations.
2. Parallel but Separate - Science and religion are accepted as sources of truth but remain separate, with religion not influencing science.
3. Interaction - Science and religion actively interact where they make overlapping claims, with both accepted as cognitive sources and providing feedback to each other. The author argues this third model best integrates science and a literal biblical interpretation.
1) Greek philosophers such as Thales, Anaximenes, Pythagoras, and Plato viewed the human person as composed of both body and soul. For Plato, the soul is immortal and divided into rational, spirited, and appetitive parts.
2) Aristotle saw no dichotomy between body and soul, viewing them as a unified whole with the soul actualizing the body's potential for life.
3) Stoics such as viewed the soul as material with seven parts, and that human nature is determined by the universe and should conform to nature's laws.
Introspection and enlightenment a case for teaching intelligent designJulio Banks
This essay provides justification for teaching Intelligent Design along with Biology. Adolf Hitler and Stalin used the results of the
Theory of Evolution to commit atrocities against humanity.
There is hope for the endangered world from global climate catastrophes, earth quakes and volcanoes if humanity awakens to the truth of nature and bring about a paradigm shift in his thinking about nature and its functioning
1) The document discusses how technology is transforming humanity and the world in profound ways. As technologies become more powerful, they allow for greater human enhancement and modification.
2) It analyzes how humanity has already significantly altered planetary systems and created an "Anthropocene" period defined by the dominant influence of human activity. Examples given include altering the Earth's radiation spectrum and significantly impacting climate and biodiversity.
3) The development of new technologies like synthetic biology is further blurring the boundaries between human, natural, and engineered systems. This is reconstruction humanity's relationship with nature and other lifeforms.
From Theory of Evolution to a New Theory of CreationRemy Taupier
There has not been found even one transitional fossil giving credit to the Theory of Evolution. Mistakingly, The laws of Natural Selection can explain the adaptation of species but it has never been observed any transitional species. Adaptation is NOT evolution. The Theory of Evolution is only an hypothesis, an idea but nothing support this theory.
Uti index-papers-e-chapter5-religion-philosophy-and-scienceHIDEUMI SEKIGUCHI
This document examines the historical relationship between religion, philosophy, and science. It finds that throughout much of history:
1) Religion, philosophy, and science were closely intertwined, with each guiding and supporting the development of the others.
2) However, at some points certain religious or philosophical views hindered scientific progress by providing incorrect guidance.
3) Major scientific advances like those of Copernicus and Newton were not aimed at rejecting God, but rather understanding God's creation more accurately. Overall the document finds that religion and philosophy have generally played a positive role in guiding scientific development when providing the right direction, rather than being in conflict.
This document summarizes key points from Chapter Seven of Teilhard de Chardin's book "The Phenomenon of Man". It makes three main points:
1) Teilhard de Chardin sees man as the only significant link between the physical and spiritual orders, and as a being that knows he knows. He examines man solely as a phenomenon but covers the whole phenomenon.
2) Nothing exists in isolation, and science, philosophy and theology tend to converge in explaining the whole man.
3) Huxley asserts Teilhard's positions that mankind as a total phenomenon can be scientifically studied and analyzed, and that an evolutionary point of view is absolutely necessary. Huxley concludes the distillation of
Idealism holds that ideas or mind are the ultimate reality. It emphasizes that knowledge is obtained through reasoning and speculation rather than observation alone. Several philosophers contributed to the development of idealism, including Plato, who believed knowledge comes from recollection of innate ideas, and Kant, who saw the mind as giving meaning to the world. Idealism views education as developing students' abilities and character to serve society by focusing on subjects of the mind through discussion and questioning.
Brad Allenby gave a lecture on technology and the reconstruction of the world from human to transhuman. Some key points:
1) We live in an "Anthropocene" age dominated by human impacts like cities, technology, and cultural/economic systems that influence the planet. The earth's spectrum now carries our technological signature.
2) Technologies are integrated cultural processes, not just things, that drive wide-ranging social, economic, and environmental changes. The railroad is used as an example of a technology that transformed landscapes, markets, and ideas.
3) Emerging technologies like synthetic biology will further blur the lines between nature and culture, making biodiversity and biological systems increasingly subject to human design choices and
The document discusses medieval and Renaissance philosophy. It provides questions about key philosophers and their ideas during these time periods. Some of the philosophers and concepts mentioned include Augustine of Hippo, Anselm of Canterbury, Thomas Aquinas, the geocentric model of the universe, the heliocentric model proposed by Copernicus, and Galileo Galilei's legend of uttering "And yet it moves" after recanting his theory.
This document provides an overview of philosophy, including:
1. Definitions of philosophy from various philosophers like Plato, Aristotle, Al-Farabi, and Ibn Sina that see philosophy as understanding nature, assessing wisdom, or a combination of theory and practice.
2. The main areas of philosophy like ontology, epistemology, and axiology.
3. Specific branches of philosophy like the philosophy of religion, science, law, education, history, and mathematics.
4. The relationship between philosophy and religion in addressing fundamental problems.
On the first day of activities in Perugia, students participated in sports activities like volleyball, presented projects they had prepared using Genially about light and the eye, had lunch, listened to a welcome speech from local authorities, and visited the National Gallery of Umbria. In the afternoon and evening, some students went to the city center of Perugia, ate ice cream with friends, visited a restaurant and the Luna Park amusement park, and had dinner with their host families.
REFLECTING THE MIND OF NATURE IN HINDU AND AMAZONIAN (TUKANO) MYTHOLOGYecoj journal
Mythmaking presents us with an idiosyncratic fusion of language and metaphysics so as to simply convey meaning as language does, and also communicate an entire metaphysics at a level of meaning beyond language and image. Claiming so, is to attest to the relevance of myths in the operationalization of ecological worldviews. In this paper, I will assume such an operational relationship between myths and ecological worldviews. First and foremost, our worldviews act as ‘first principles’ in establishing our interaction with our environment. At a time when anthropogenic ecocide presents a grave threat to the balance of life on earth, this fundamental notion is of great relevance. Specifically, this paper will study how myths mediated human interaction with nature in the past and continue to do so today. By comparing sets of myths of the Tukano Indians of the Amazon and Hindus of India, I will identify two functions of myth as mediator between man and nature.
A human person contains a will to direct their own development towards fulfillment through unconditional truth, love, goodness, beauty, and unity. The environment provides conditions that allow for a living organism's development and growth, as well as dangers. There are two frameworks for understanding humans' relationship with the environment: the anthropocentric model which views humans as superior to nature, and the ecocentric model which views nature as superior and humans as part of the ecosystem. The ecocentric model includes theories of deep ecology, social ecology, and ecofeminism which emphasize holism, interdependence, and equality between all life. Pre-Socratic philosophers initiated a paradigm shift from mythological to rational explanations of nature's processes and origins
This presentation is all about how human behavior affects our environment,either positively or negatively. This also includes different thories about human person in the environment.
*The said words are not mine, credits to the owners
Ma. Kathrina G. Salud
Joevilyn M. Dulay
Jericho Abadilla
Carlos Bayan
Marlon Buhain
John Henry Clerigo
Gerald Condrillon
James Patrick Condrillon
Jervee Dela Crus
Ricardo Esteban
John Rey Labid
Mico Ricafrente
Neil Santos
John Michael Sunga
Cathleen Dale Bacolod
Mary Gane Bella
Emaila Cuano
Arriza Maw Datu
Precious Datugan
Myka Del Mundo
Pamela Estores
Camille Francisco
Lyra Mancilla
Rain Silao
Gigi Ubana
The document discusses the concepts of environmental ethics and ecology. It defines environmental ethics as the study of humans' moral obligation to preserve the natural environment and order. It discusses the theory of moral extensionism, which argues that natural entities have intrinsic value beyond their usefulness to humans. The document also defines ecology as the study of organism-environment interactions and interrelations. It provides examples of climatic, chemical, and biological environmental conditions. Finally, it discusses humans' relationship with nature and technology's impacts on degrading the environment.
1. The document discusses the emergence of environmental ethics as a new field in philosophy in the 1970s in response to growing concerns about the environmental crisis and humanity's relationship with nature.
2. It explores early influences on the field like Rachel Carson's Silent Spring and Lynn White Jr.'s argument that Judeo-Christian traditions encouraged domination of nature. It also discusses key figures who advocated extending moral consideration to the environment like Aldo Leopold.
3. Richard Routley and others argued against traditional anthropocentrism, proposing that natural entities have intrinsic value independent of their usefulness to humans. This challenged the field to develop new ethical theories justifying environmental protection.
LESSON 5- HUMAN PERSON IN HIS/HER ENVIRONMENT Cynalyn1
This document discusses different perspectives on human beings and their environment. It provides definitions of a human person and environment. It then summarizes some key pre-Socratic philosophers who shifted from mythical to rational explanations of the cosmos, including Anaximander and Pythagoras. It also discusses modern thinkers' views such as Immanuel Kant on beauty and morality, and Herbert Marcuse and George Herbert Mead on human power over and duties to nature. The conclusion calls for taking good care of nature to maintain balance in life.
This document discusses the doctrine of creation and how it has evolved over time in response to scientific advances. It addresses 5 challenges to the traditional doctrine from evolution, cosmology, physics, ecology, and neuroscience. The key points are:
1) The doctrine of creation was never intended as a scientific account but about God's relationship with creation.
2) In response to new understandings, the doctrine has expanded to include ideas like continuous creation and the possibility of life elsewhere in the universe.
3) Christian teachings have constantly adapted to new knowledge through history while maintaining core beliefs, showing doctrines are not fixed tests of orthodoxy.
Aphorisms concerning the interpretation of nature zealationZealation Shah
it is all about how to free the mind from superstitions, which are the sources of misunderstanding at the same time hindrances for crystal clear ideas. what we study, we observe and see: it is based on our understanding which not free from any kinds of biases and prejudices, which are also called idols. four kinds of idols Francis Bacon talks about tribe, cave, theatre and marketplace.
This document discusses three models of the relationship between science and religion:
1. Separate Domains - Science and religion remain isolated, with science rejecting supernatural explanations.
2. Parallel but Separate - Science and religion are accepted as sources of truth but remain separate, with religion not influencing science.
3. Interaction - Science and religion actively interact where they make overlapping claims, with both accepted as cognitive sources and providing feedback to each other. The author argues this third model best integrates science and a literal biblical interpretation.
1) Greek philosophers such as Thales, Anaximenes, Pythagoras, and Plato viewed the human person as composed of both body and soul. For Plato, the soul is immortal and divided into rational, spirited, and appetitive parts.
2) Aristotle saw no dichotomy between body and soul, viewing them as a unified whole with the soul actualizing the body's potential for life.
3) Stoics such as viewed the soul as material with seven parts, and that human nature is determined by the universe and should conform to nature's laws.
Introspection and enlightenment a case for teaching intelligent designJulio Banks
This essay provides justification for teaching Intelligent Design along with Biology. Adolf Hitler and Stalin used the results of the
Theory of Evolution to commit atrocities against humanity.
There is hope for the endangered world from global climate catastrophes, earth quakes and volcanoes if humanity awakens to the truth of nature and bring about a paradigm shift in his thinking about nature and its functioning
1) The document discusses how technology is transforming humanity and the world in profound ways. As technologies become more powerful, they allow for greater human enhancement and modification.
2) It analyzes how humanity has already significantly altered planetary systems and created an "Anthropocene" period defined by the dominant influence of human activity. Examples given include altering the Earth's radiation spectrum and significantly impacting climate and biodiversity.
3) The development of new technologies like synthetic biology is further blurring the boundaries between human, natural, and engineered systems. This is reconstruction humanity's relationship with nature and other lifeforms.
From Theory of Evolution to a New Theory of CreationRemy Taupier
There has not been found even one transitional fossil giving credit to the Theory of Evolution. Mistakingly, The laws of Natural Selection can explain the adaptation of species but it has never been observed any transitional species. Adaptation is NOT evolution. The Theory of Evolution is only an hypothesis, an idea but nothing support this theory.
Uti index-papers-e-chapter5-religion-philosophy-and-scienceHIDEUMI SEKIGUCHI
This document examines the historical relationship between religion, philosophy, and science. It finds that throughout much of history:
1) Religion, philosophy, and science were closely intertwined, with each guiding and supporting the development of the others.
2) However, at some points certain religious or philosophical views hindered scientific progress by providing incorrect guidance.
3) Major scientific advances like those of Copernicus and Newton were not aimed at rejecting God, but rather understanding God's creation more accurately. Overall the document finds that religion and philosophy have generally played a positive role in guiding scientific development when providing the right direction, rather than being in conflict.
This document summarizes key points from Chapter Seven of Teilhard de Chardin's book "The Phenomenon of Man". It makes three main points:
1) Teilhard de Chardin sees man as the only significant link between the physical and spiritual orders, and as a being that knows he knows. He examines man solely as a phenomenon but covers the whole phenomenon.
2) Nothing exists in isolation, and science, philosophy and theology tend to converge in explaining the whole man.
3) Huxley asserts Teilhard's positions that mankind as a total phenomenon can be scientifically studied and analyzed, and that an evolutionary point of view is absolutely necessary. Huxley concludes the distillation of
Idealism holds that ideas or mind are the ultimate reality. It emphasizes that knowledge is obtained through reasoning and speculation rather than observation alone. Several philosophers contributed to the development of idealism, including Plato, who believed knowledge comes from recollection of innate ideas, and Kant, who saw the mind as giving meaning to the world. Idealism views education as developing students' abilities and character to serve society by focusing on subjects of the mind through discussion and questioning.
Brad Allenby gave a lecture on technology and the reconstruction of the world from human to transhuman. Some key points:
1) We live in an "Anthropocene" age dominated by human impacts like cities, technology, and cultural/economic systems that influence the planet. The earth's spectrum now carries our technological signature.
2) Technologies are integrated cultural processes, not just things, that drive wide-ranging social, economic, and environmental changes. The railroad is used as an example of a technology that transformed landscapes, markets, and ideas.
3) Emerging technologies like synthetic biology will further blur the lines between nature and culture, making biodiversity and biological systems increasingly subject to human design choices and
The document discusses medieval and Renaissance philosophy. It provides questions about key philosophers and their ideas during these time periods. Some of the philosophers and concepts mentioned include Augustine of Hippo, Anselm of Canterbury, Thomas Aquinas, the geocentric model of the universe, the heliocentric model proposed by Copernicus, and Galileo Galilei's legend of uttering "And yet it moves" after recanting his theory.
This document provides an overview of philosophy, including:
1. Definitions of philosophy from various philosophers like Plato, Aristotle, Al-Farabi, and Ibn Sina that see philosophy as understanding nature, assessing wisdom, or a combination of theory and practice.
2. The main areas of philosophy like ontology, epistemology, and axiology.
3. Specific branches of philosophy like the philosophy of religion, science, law, education, history, and mathematics.
4. The relationship between philosophy and religion in addressing fundamental problems.
On the first day of activities in Perugia, students participated in sports activities like volleyball, presented projects they had prepared using Genially about light and the eye, had lunch, listened to a welcome speech from local authorities, and visited the National Gallery of Umbria. In the afternoon and evening, some students went to the city center of Perugia, ate ice cream with friends, visited a restaurant and the Luna Park amusement park, and had dinner with their host families.
This document summarizes an eTwinning live event for the dissemination of the C.C.A. Climate Change Awareness project from 2019-2020. The event involved 126 students and 12 teachers from 5 schools in Portugal, Croatia, Italy, Tunisia and Poland. The project aimed to increase awareness of climate change causes and consequences, teach media literacy and how to form opinions. Students explored climate change topics over 5 steps and used various ICT tools for collaboration between schools. Presentations discussed the cross-curricular nature of the project, communication strategies, and final products created.
Quest'opera è stata rilasciata con licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione - Non commerciale - Condividi allo stesso modo 4.0 Internazionale. Per leggere una copia della licenza visita il sito web http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/.
This document outlines an eTwinning project between schools in Germany, Poland, Spain, Greece, and Italy focused on cultural heritage. The project aims to embed cultural heritage in education and discover shared culture and identity. Key aspects of the project include using the myth of the Argonauts and their journey aboard the ship Argo as a framework to explore various countries' cultural heritage through virtual forums, pages, and activities on a Twinspace platform. Students will ultimately produce a final product and evaluation garden to reflect what they learned about how culture defines humanity and shared identity.
The Argo's Museum houses several renowned masterpieces that represent the best of Italy's artistic heritage and cultural values, including Botticelli's La Primavera, Michelangelo's David, Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa, and others. Each piece has unique features - La Primavera is full of allegories and hidden meanings; David displays the perfect human body and ideal male beauty; Mona Lisa is known for her enigmatic smile and deep eyes. The works were selected as visual translations of Italy's values that have had significant cultural influence.
The document discusses various genres of German music and artists. It describes Johann Sebastian Bach as an influential German composer from the Baroque era. It outlines the history and popularity of German Schlager music after World War 2, mentioning artists like Helene Fischer. It also discusses the Neue Deutsche Welle genre from the 1980s that was influenced by punk and new wave. The rock band Scorpions are highlighted as having sold over 110 million records worldwide since 1965. Finally, it introduces contemporary pop singer Wincent Weiss who rose to fame on a talent show.
Tunisian music draws from a variety of influences and cultures. Malouf is a classical Arabic style that originated in the medieval courts of North Africa and Spain, while Mezwed incorporates Amazigh rhythms and instruments like bagpipes. Sufi music is used in spiritual rituals and varies between brotherhoods. Stambeli music combines Sub-Saharan African traditions brought by former slaves with local Islamic practices. Today, rap and pop have emerged alongside continued innovation in traditional folk styles.
This document provides information on several famous German artists from history and today. It discusses Albrecht Dürer, one of Germany's most famous Renaissance artists known for his paintings and prints. It also mentions Maria Sibylla Merian, known for her naturalist engravings of insects and plants. The document profiles Max Liebermann, a famous German impressionist painter who had to resign from his position due to his Jewish heritage under the Nazis. It also summarizes key German expressionist artists including Paula Modersohn-Becker, one of the first female painters to paint nude self-portraits, and Franz Marc, known for his brightly colored animal paintings and co-founding the artist group "Der
This document summarizes four prehistoric works of art found in Germany: the Venus of Schelklingen figurine, the Nebra Sky Disk, the Golden Hat of Schifferstadt, and the Prince of Glauberg statue. The Venus of Schelklingen is a 6cm mammoth ivory figurine that is 35,000-40,000 years old. The Nebra Sky Disk is a bronze disc from around 1600 BC that is considered the oldest depiction of the cosmos. The Golden Hat of Schifferstadt is a 29.6cm gold hat from 1400 BC that may have been part of a sun cult headdress. The Prince of Glauberg is a life-size
The Divine Comedy is a seminal Italian poem from the early 14th century considered the greatest work of Italian literature. It uses an imaginative vision of the afterlife to represent the medieval worldview and helped establish the Tuscan language. The poem has inspired artists for centuries. The Betrothed is an influential 19th century Italian novel dealing with themes of love, power, and morality that questions social classes and choices. It is considered a masterpiece of world literature and basis for modern Italian. The Name of the Rose is a historical mystery novel set in an abbey in 1327 revolving around the library's secret labyrinth structure and referencing postmodern ideas of texts referring to other texts. Christ Stopped at Eboli
The document discusses four influential German books: Martin Luther's 1534 Bible translation, which helped standardize the German language; Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels' 1848 Communist Manifesto, considered one of the most influential political documents; Karl May's 1893 novel Winnetou about an Apache chief, which inspired many films and was beloved by readers; and Erich Kästner's 1949 children's book Konferenz der Tiere about animals who kidnap children to promote world peace. All four books had major impacts on German culture, politics, or literature.
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
3. Nature in Philosophy p. 3
Nature in the Renaissance p. 18
Nature in modern science p. 26
New ethics for Nature p. 35
Nature during covid -19 pandemic p. 43
bibliography
index
4. What is nature?
It is not a question that is easy to answer ... in Philosophy it is the set of all
existing things considered in its overall form, in the Totality of the
Phenomena and forces that manifest themselves in it.
5. But for what reason does it exist?
is it made to please our eyes with its beauty ?
Or does it exist for our use and consume ?
or, as Covid-19 is showing us, are humans being
just “grains of sand” compared to it?
11. “The Physics” (from the Greek “ta physikà” = "the natural
things") is Aristotle's main masterpiece about Nature.
In Physics, Aristotle defines Nature as "a source or cause of being
moved and of being at rest, in that to which it belongs primarily".
In other words, Nature is the principle (“Arché”) within
a natural raw material that is the source of all the tendencies to change
or rest in a particular way unless stopped. (Aristotle)
Natural things stand in contrast to artifacts, which are formed by human
artifice, not because of an innate tendency.
NATURE is ALIVE
12. The image of man’s dominion over nature is deeply
rooted in Western thought. It first appears, in different
forms, in the Book of Genesis. It also reappears as one
of the leading images of the emerging ‘new science’ in
the 16th century. Francis Bacon puts particular
emphasis on this image
13.
14. In the Novum Organon, Bacon writes: "Let the
human race recover that right over nature
which belongs to it by divine request."
15. According to the Genesis the order of creation begins with man, followed
by plants, animals, and finally by woman. Adam is put in the Garden of
Eden, in order to look after the garden, to cultivate it and to make it prosper
(Gen. 2:15). In this story, man appears more as a caretaker, a keeper of
nature, or a gardener. Nature is portrayed as a domestic open space: a
garden effortlessly ordered and there to be enjoyed.
Man appears in a rather unique position vis a vis the rest: he dominates
(in different senses of the word ‘dominion’, that will be qualified as we
proceed).
16. Therefore, the idea of a natural dominion appears
to be both a kind of reiteration of man's
superiority over other creatures, and a form
of acknowledgment of the purpose of creation.
FRANCIS
BACON
17. Bacon explicitly placed his conception of knowledge and of a new
science within the Christian tradition. He conceived his project as an
"advancement of learning", aimed at reproducing the original
dominion of man over nature as symbolically represented in
Genesis, when God asks Adam to give names to the animals.
ANTHROPOCENTRISM
19. The investigation on the meaning of Nature begins to appear as an
indispensable tool for the realization of human ends in the world.
Magic has had a very important role in the philosophy of Nature.
Renaissance magic was characterized by two assumptions:
1. The universal animation of nature, which is moved by forces intrinsically
similar to those acting in mankind, are coordinated and harmonized by
universal sympathy
2. The possibility offered to mankind is to be able to dominate forces with
flattery and spells
Renaissance magic
20. According to Telesio, Nature is an indipendent reality,
based on principles a priori, in which God guarantees the
order and autonomy. This includes mankind, who are
able to reveal themselves only through sensibility.
By Raffaello Sanzio
Morghen (1758–1833) -
http://www.telesio.eu/im
ages/biografia/telesio.jp
g, Public Domain,
https://commons.wikim
edia.org/w/index.php?c
urid=9070525
21. The main part of Giordano Bruno’s thought is the infinity of
nature as opposed to Aristotelian and scholastic finiteness.
22. Bruno arrives to this conclusion both for the Copernican theories, both for his
own original intuitions.
He declares that to God, which is the infinite cause, must
correspond an infinite effect (the endless worlds). Bruno thinks that the
universe is infinite because nothing can contain it, nothing can limit it,
neither God himself can. God isn’t outside our world, in fact he is in all the
things that surround us, and that is why he is its creator.
23. But how was this kind of nature interpreted by Bruno?
The Nature that Bruno talks about, is nothing
else than God himself, in his grandiosity and
creativity.
Deus sive natura
24. The knowledge of Nature for Bruno is not configured as a scientific
process but is supported and animated by the use of magic.
Bruno’s universe, deriving from an infinite God, is open, populated by
infinite worlds and infinite creatures, without a center and equal in all its
parts.
Nature is sacred
25. According to Campanella, Nature is an organic totality whose
absence is constituted by the three primality of being (power,
knowledge, love).
God is its ultimate foundation as a perfect entity.
Nature is everything
27. The Greek philosopher, as Aristotle,and the Renaissance
philosophers (such as Bruno, Campanella, Telesio) talk about
Nature as an alive organisme, a Deus, a “God” full of potentiality
and power and “soul” (“anima mundi” in Latin).
Old tradition ...
28. Modern Science turned Nature into an inanimate
mechanism humankind can even “torture” (Francis Bacon) to use
their secrets and dominate the all world.
Modern tradition ...
29. "Conquering nature"
Stand for Francis Bacon, conquering nature means
understanding scientific processes in the world around us
and using them to humanities advantage.
30. Francis Bacon was advocating for a scientific approach to understanding
how nature works. He talked about how humans should better
understand nature and learn all of it's secrets. His way of thinking was
mostly influenced by the times he lived in.
He lived in the late Renaissance, which was an age of reason and
return to ancient Roman and Greek values.
In the dark ages nature was mostly explained by superstition, religion or
magic. So in opposition to that, Renaissance focused mainly on scientific
evidence to prove or disprove something. Of course Bacon himself was
born many years after the end of the medieval times.
31. But he lived in an age that was focused on ending
the primitive way of thinking of the Middle ages.
That certainly influenced him and led to him valuing science
and reason above all. Also the torturing metaphor mostly
comes from the fact that even in those days torture was the
most effective way of getting criminals to confess their
crimes or to extract the truth out of them.
32. According to Francis Bacon’s philosophy many scientists were
inspired to fight poverty and misery and pain by conquering Nature.
However, using strong metaphors such as “torture nature”, he let
us also understand how much this idea of “conquering”
caused climate change.
Conquering means dominate and dominion means to treat
Nature as an object without any value except serving
humankind.
This ideology, on the one hand, gave us lots of comforts but it is
a very short-sighted focus on what we should be doing: that
is respect Nature, since by respecting Nature we respect life of the
present and the future generations.
33. choose for each meaning of
Nature the right adjectiv
1. Natura sive Deus
2. atomistic structure
3. living organism
4. animate organism
5. causal system
6. materialistic structure
7. subject
8. object
9. Pantheism
10. mathematical order
Double meaning of concept of Nature
Nature as a Mechanism
1. atomistic structure
2. causal system
3. materialistic structure
4. object
5. mathematical order
Nature as an Organism
1. “Natura sive Deus”
2. living organism
3. animate organism
4. subject
5. Pantheism
Old Tradition
Modern Science
34. Nature as a Mechanism
1. Let us to exploit
Nature, which is just a
Cave from which take
resource
2. at the least, we can
think to Conserve
Nature because it means
preserve the Mankind life
Nature as an Organism
Invite us to Respect Nature
because it has a value in
itself.
It’s God itself and it’s alive.
It’s the “home of the Beings”
A Double environmental Ethic approach
ecological or biological ethic
36. Should we preserve Nature because it has RIGHTS
as we do ?
Or, should we just conserve Nature, because it is
basic for humankind life?
37. In his book Man's Responsibility for Nature (1974) Passmore argued
that there is urgent need to change our attitude to the environment, and
that humans cannot continue unconstrained exploitation of the
biosphere. However, he rejected the view that we need to abandon the
Western tradition of scientific rationalism, and was unsympathetic
towards attempts to articulate environmental concern through radical
revisions of our ethical framework, as advocated by deep ecologist
which he conceived as misguided mysticism or irrationalism.
Passmore was very skeptical about attempts to attribute intrinsic value
to nature, and his preferred position was of valuing nature in terms of
what it contributes to the flourishing of sentient creatures (including
humans)
J. PASSMORE
credit: Wikipedia
38. Capra advocates that Western culture abandon
conventional linear thought and the mechanistic views of
F. Bacon. Critiquing the reductionistic Baconian view that
everything can be studied in parts to understand the
whole, he encourages a holistic approach. In The Web of
Life, Capra focuses on systemic information
generated by the relationships among all parts as a
significant additional factor in understanding the character
of the whole, emphasizing the web-like structure of all
systems and the interconnectedness of all parts.
Capra is one of the most important scientist who try to
turn the “conquering modern paradigm” in a new “holistic
approach” for understanding the relation between
humankind and Nature.
f. CAPRA
credit: Wikipedia
39. Deep ecology is an environmental philosophy promoting the inherent worth of living
beings regardless of their instrumental utility to human needs.
Deep ecology argues that the natural world is a subtle balance of complex
inter-relationships in which the existence of organisms is dependent on the existence of
others within ecosystems. Human interference with or destruction of the natural world
poses a threat therefore not only to humans but to all organisms constituting the natural
order.
Deep ecology's core principle is the belief that the living environment as a whole
should be respected and regarded as having certain basic moral and legal rights to
live and flourish, independent of its instrumental benefits for human use.
credit: Wikipedia
Deep Ecology
40. Published in 1975, Animal Liberation has been cited as a
formative influence on leaders of the modern animal
liberation movement. The central argument of the book is
an expansion of the utilitarian concept that "the
greatest good of the greatest number" is the only
measure of good or ethical behaviour, and Singer
believes that there is no reason not to apply this
principle to other animals, arguing that the boundary
between human and "animal" is completely arbitrary.
There are far more differences between a great ape and
an oyster, for example, than between a human and a
great ape, and yet the former two are lumped together as
"animals", whereas we are considered "human" in a way
that supposedly differentiates us from all other "animals."
PETER SINGER
credit: Wikipedia
41. Fear and responsibility in the face of reality as
a "whole" are at the center of his best-known work,
“The Principle of Responsibility” (1979).
This work is dedicated to the delicate ethical and
social problems raised by the incessant application of
technology in all aspects of life.
This text, which brings the ecological emergency to
the agenda of European philosophical reflection,
brings together all the author’s previous research:
religion, nature, technique.
The author’s starting point is that "the doing of man
is today able to destroy the being of the world".
Hans Jonas
credit: Wikipedia
42. this is the”“The Principle of Responsibility” golden rule :
«Act so that the consequences of your action are
compatible with the survival of human life on
earth»
credit: Wikipedia
46. The world has stopped because of the virus and we have come
down from that whirlwind turn.
It took this sneaky poison (“virus”, from the Latin “poison”) to bring the golden
eagle flying into the Milan sky. It was spotted the 5th of April during
the initiative from the balconies: "Birdwatching km. 0 ".
48. In Venice, without tourists and traffic, you could
see fish in the canals, a few days earlier in
Cagliari the dolphins had arrived in the port.
49.
50. But hares, swans and squirrels were also
photographed in the city.
… Bees and butterflies are back that bodes well, but
also the herds, wolves and wild boars in the
countryside…
51.
52.
53. Have our cities suddenly become
wilder than we thought until recently?
This appears surprising to me ….