The Amazon River is the largest river by discharge and one of the longest rivers in the world. It flows through South America with a length of 6,992 km from its source in the Andes Mountains to its mouth on the Atlantic Ocean. The river basin supports an incredibly diverse ecosystem and is home to over 3,000 species of fish and other wildlife like river dolphins.

2. Amazon River
River in South America
Length: 6,992 km
Discharge: 209,000 m³/s
Basin area: 7.05 million km²
Source: Mismi
Mouth: Atlantic Ocean

3.  the largest river by discharge of water in the world, and according to
some experts, thelongest in length.
 headwaters of the Apurímac River on Nevado Mismi had been
considered for nearly a century as the Amazon’s most distant
source, until a 2014 study found it to be the Cordillera Rumi Cruz
at the headwaters of the Mantaro River in Peru.

4. Fauna
 Cichlid native to rivers of the Amazon basin
 More than one-third of all known species in the world live in
the Amazon rainforest
 a giant tropical forest and river basin with an area that
stretches more than 5,400,000 square kilometres
(2,100,000 sq mi).
 It is the richest tropical forest in the world in terms
of biodiversity.
 There are over 3,000 species of fish currently recognized in
the Amazon basin, with more being discovered every year.
 In addition to the thousands of species of fish, the river
supports crabs, algae, and turtles.

5. Mammals
 Along with the Orinoco, the Amazon is one of the main
habitats of the boto.
 Also known as the Amazon river dolphin (Inia geoffrensis).
 It is the largest species of river dolphin, and it can grow to
lengths of up to 2.6 metres (8 ft 6 in).
 The color of its skin changes with age; young animals are gray,
but become pink and then white as they mature.
 The dolphins useecholocation to navigate and hunt in the
river's tricky depths.
 The boto is the subject of a legend in Brazil about a dolphin
that turns into a man and seduces maidens by the riverside.

6.  The tucuxi (Sotalia fluviatilis), also a dolphin species,
is found both in the rivers of the Amazon basin and
in the coastal waters of South America.
 The Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis), also
known as "seacow", is found in the northern Amazon
River Basin and its tributaries.
 It is a mammal and a herbivore. Its population is
limited to fresh water habitats, and, unlike other
manatees, it does not venture into salt water.
 It is classified as vulnerable by the International
Union for Conservation of Nature.

7. Angel Falls
Address: Bolívar, Venezuela
Elevation: 1,283 m
Height: 979 m
Number of drops: 2
Longest drop: 807 m

8. Angel Falls
(Spanish: Salto Ángel; Pemon
language: Kerepakupai Vená, meaning
"waterfall of the deepest place",
orParakupá Vená, meaning "the fall
from the highest point") is
a waterfall in Venezuela.
 It is the world's highest
uninterrupted waterfall, with a height
of 979 metres (3,212 ft) and a plunge
of 807 metres (2,648 ft).
The waterfall drops over the edge of
the Auyantepui mountain in
the Canaima National Park (Spanish:
Parque Nacional Canaima)
UNESCO World Heritage site in
the Gran Sabana region of Bolívar
State.
The height figure 979 metres
(3,212 ft) mostly consists of the main
plunge but also includes about 400
metres (0.25 mi) of sloped cascade
and rapids below the drop and a 30-
metre (98 ft) high plunge downstream
of the talus rapids.

9. Angel Falls is one of Venezuela's top tourist attractions, though a trip
to the falls is a complicated affair. The falls are located in an isolated
jungle.
A flight fromPuerto Ordaz or Ciudad Bolívar is required to reach
Canaima camp, the starting point for river trips to the base of the falls.
River trips generally take place from June to December, when the
rivers are deep enough for use by the Pemon guides.
During the dry season (December to March) there is less water seen
than in the other months.

10. Cappadocia
Address: Kapodokya/Nevşehir, Turkey
UNESCO World Heritage Site inscription: 1985
The earliest record of the name of Cappadocia dates from the late 6th
century BC, when it appears in the trilingual inscriptions of two
early Achaemenid kings, Darius I and Xerxes, as one of the countries
(Old Persian dahyu-) of the Persian Empire.
In these lists of countries, the Old Persian name is Katpatuka, which
possibly means "the land/country of beautiful horses"

11.  Cappadocia (/kæpədoʊʃə/; also Capadocia; Turkish: Kapadokya
is a historical region in Central Anatolia, largely in
theNevşehir, Kayseri, Kırşehir, Aksaray, and Niğde Provinces
in Turkey.
 According to Herodotus, in the time of the Ionian Revolt (499
BCE) the Cappadocians were reported as occupying a region
from Mount Taurus to the vicinity of the Euxine (Black Sea).
 Cappadocia, in this sense, was bounded in the south by the
chain of the Taurus Mountains that separate it from Cilicia, to
the east by the upperEuphrates, to the north by Pontus, and to
the west by Lycaonia and eastern Galatia.
 "Cappadocia" could also come from the Luwian language,
meaning "Low Country"

12. The name
traditionally used
in Christian
sources throughout
history continues
in use as
international touris
m concept to define
a region of
exceptional natural
wonders, in
particular
characterized
by fairy
chimneys and a
unique historical
and cultural
heritage.

13. Modern tourism
• The area is a popular tourist destination, as it has many areas with unique
geological, historic, and cultural features.
• Touristic Cappadocia includes 4 cities: Nevsehir, Kayseri, Aksaray and Nigde.
• The region is located southwest of the major city Kayseri, which
has airline and railway service to Ankara and Istanbul and other cities.
• The most important towns and destinations in Cappadocia are Ürgüp,
Goreme, Ihlara Valley, Selime, Guzelyurt, Uchisar, Avanos and Zelve. Among
the underground cities worth seeing are Derinkuyu, Kaymakli, Gaziemir
and Ozkanak. The best historic mansions and cave houses for tourist stays
are in Urgup, Goreme, Guzelyurt and Uchisar.
• Hot-air ballooning is very popular in Cappadocia and is available in Goreme.
Trekking is enjoyed in Ihlara Valley, Monastery Valley (Guzelyurt), Urgup and
Goreme

14. Mount Everest
Elevation: 8,848 m
First ascent: May 29, 1953
Prominence: 8,850 m
Easiest route: South Col
First ascenders: Tenzing Norgay, Edmund Hillary
Mountain range: Himalayas, Mahalangur Himal

15. Mount Everest, also
known in Nepal as Sagarmāthā
and in Tibet as Chomolungma,
is Earth's highest mountain.
It is located in
the Mahalangur mountain
range in Nepal and Tibet.
 Its peak is 8,848 metres
(29,029 ft) above sea level.
The international border
between China (Tibet
Autonomous Region) and Nepal
runs across Everest's precise
summit point.
Its massif includes
neighbouring peaks Lhotse,
8,516 m (27,940 ft); Nuptse,
7,855 m (25,771 ft)
and Changtse, 7,580 m
(24,870 ft).

16. Flora and Fauna
• There is very little native flora or fauna on Everest. There is
a moss that grows at 6,480 metres (21,260 ft) on Mount
Everest. It may be the highest altitude plant species. An
alpine cushion plant called Arenaria is known to grow below
5,500 metres (18,000 ft) in the region.
• Euophrys omnisuperstes, a minute black jumping spider, has
been found at elevations as high as 6,700 metres (22,000 ft),
possibly making it the highest confirmed non-microscopic
permanent resident on Earth.
• Birds, such as the bar-headed goose, have been seen flying at the
higher altitudes of the mountain, while others, such as the chough,
have been spotted as high as the South Col at 7,920 metres
(25,980 ft).

17. Some notable "firsts" by climbers include:
1922 – First climb to 8,000 metres (26,247 ft), by George Finch and
Captain Geoffrey Bruce
1952 – First climb to South Col by 1952 Swiss Mount Everest expedition
1953 – First ascent, by Tenzing Norgay and Edmund Hillary on 1953
British Mount Everest expedition
1960 – First reported ascent from the North Ridge by Wang
Fuzhou, Gonpo and Qu Yinhua of China.
1975 - First female ascent from the North Ridge, by Phanthog, deputy head
of the second Chinese Everest expedition that sent nine climbers to the
summit (27 May).

18. 1978 – First ascent without supplemental oxygen
by Reinhold Messner and Peter Habeler
1980 – First solo ascent, by Reinhold Messner[
1980 – First winter ascent, by Leszek Cichy and Krzysztof
Wielicki
1988 – First "cross-over" climb by Chinese, Japanese and
Nepalese teams which ascended the peak
simultaneously from both the North and South sides of
the mountain and descended down the other side.The
cross-over climb was also the first to be recorded on live
broadcast television.
1988 – First descent by paraglider, by Jean-Marc Boivin
1988 – First female ascent without supplemental oxygen
by Lydia Bradey
1998 – Fastest to reach the summit via the southeast
ridge (South Col), without supplemental oxygen, by Kazi
Sherpa, in 20 hours and 24 minutes.
2000 – First descent by ski by Davo Karničar
2001 – First ascent by a blind climber, Erik Weihenmayer

19. 2001 - Lhakpa Sherpa becomes first Nepali woman to summit Everest
and survive.
2004 – Fastest to reach the summit via the southeast ridge (South Col),
with supplemental oxygen, by Pemba Dorje, in 8 hours and 10
minutes.
2006 - Lhakpa Sherpa summits for the 6th time, breaking her own
record for most successful female Everest climber.
2007 – Fastest to reach the summit via the northeast ridge, without
supplemental oxygen, by Christian Stangl, in 16 hours, 42 minutes.
2010 – Youngest to reach the summit, by Jordan Romero (13-year-old)
2011 - Most times to reach the summit, Apa Sherpa (21 times; 10 May
1990 – 11 May 2011)
2013 – Apa Sherpa tied for most times to reach the summit by Phurba
Tashi (21 times; 1999–2013)
2013 - Melissa Arnot, American, summits for the 5th time breaking her
own record for most successful summits by any non-Sherpa woman

20. Mount Fuji
Elevation: 3,776 m
Last eruption: December 16, 1707
Prominence: 3,776 m
First ascent: 663 AD
Easiest route: Hiking

21. Japan’s Mt. Fuji is an active volcano about 100 kilometers
southwest of Tokyo.
Commonly called “Fuji-san,” it’s the country’s tallest peak, at
3,776 meters.
A pilgrimage site for centuries, it’s considered one of Japan’s
3 sacred mountains, and summit hikes remain a popular
activity.
Its iconic profile is the subject of numerous works of art,
notably Edo Period prints by Hokusai and Hiroshige.

22. Mount Fuji is one of Japan's "Three Holy Mountains" (三霊
山 Sanreizan) along with Mount Tate and Mount Haku.
 It is also a Special Place of Scenic Beauty and one of
Japan's Historic Sites.
It was added to the World Heritage List as a Cultural Site on June
22, 2013.
As per UNESCO, Mount Fuji has “inspired artists and poets and
been the object of pilgrimage for centuries”.
UNESCO recognizes 25 sites of cultural interest within the Mt.
Fuji locality.

23. Mount Kilimanjaro
Elevation: 5,895 m
First ascent: 1889
Prominence: 5,885 m
Easiest route: Hiking
Mountain range: Eastern Rift mountains
First ascenders: Ludwig Purtscheller, Hans Meyer

24.  Mount Kilimanjaro with its three volcanic cones, "Kibo",
"Mawenzi", and "Shira", is a dormant volcano in Tanzania.
 It is the highest mountain in Africa, and rises approximately
4,900 m (16,000 ft) from its base to 5,895 metres (19,341 ft)
above sea level.
 The first recorded ascent to the summit of the mountain was
by Hans Meyer and Ludwig Purtscheller in 1889.
 The mountain is part of the Kilimanjaro National Park and is a
major climbing destination.
 The mountain has been the subject of many scientific studies
because of its shrinking glaciers.

25. Animal life
• Large animals are rare on Kilimanjaro and are more
frequent in the forests and lower parts of the
mountain. Elephants and Cape buffaloes are among the
animals that can be potentially hazardous to
trekkers. Bushbucks, chameleons, mongooses, sunbird
s, and warthogs have been reported as well.
• Zebrasand hyenas have sporadically been observed on
the Shira plateau.
• Specific species associated with the mountain include
the Kilimanjaro shrew and the chameleon Kinyongia
tavetana.

26. Sahara Desert
Area: 9.4 million km²
Biome: Desert

27. The Sahara is the largest hot desert, and third
largest desert after Antarctica and the Arctic.
Its area of 9,400,000 square kilometres (3,600,000 sq mi) is
comparable to the area of the United States.
The desert comprises much of North Africa, excluding the fertile
region on the Mediterranean coast, the Atlas Mountains of
the Maghreb, and the Nile Valley in Egypt and Sudan.
The Sahara stretches from the Red Sea in the east and
the Mediterranean in the north, to the Atlantic Ocean in the west,
where the landscape gradually changes to a coastal plain.

29. Uluru
Rock in Australia
Uluru, or Ayers Rock, is a massive sandstone monolith in the
heart of the Northern Territory’s Red Centre desert, 450km from
the nearest large town, Alice Springs.
 It’s sacred to indigenous Australians and believed to be about
700 million years old.
It’s within Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park, which also
encompasses the 36 red-rock domes of the Kata Tjuta (colloquially
“The Olgas”) formation.

30. Flora in Uluṟu–Kata Tjuṯa National Park can be
broken into the following categories:
• Punu – trees
• Puti – shrubs
• Tjulpun-tjulpunpa – flowers
• Ukiri – grasses
Mulga Tree

32. Lake Titicaca
Surface elevation: 3,812 m
Area: 8,372 km²
Catchment
area: 56,270 km²
Basin
countries: Bolivia, Peru
Cities: Puno, Copacabana
Islands: Taquile
Island, Amantaní, Isla del
Sol, Isla de la
Luna, Suriqui,Uros

33. • Lake Titicaca, straddling the border between Peru and
Bolivia in the Andes Mountains, is one of South America's
largest lakes and the world’s highest navigable body of water.
• Said to be the birthplace of the Incas, it’s home to numerous
ruins.
• Its waters are famously still and brightly reflective.
• Around it are national reserves sheltering rare aquatic
wildlife such as giant frogs.

35. Iguazu Falls
Address: Misiones Province, Argentina
Height: 82 m
Elevation: 195 m
Number of drops: 275
Watercourse: Iguazu River

36. Iguazu waterfalls of theIguazu River on the border of the Argentine
province of Misiones and the Brazilian state of Paraná. They are the
largest waterfalls system in the world.The falls divide the river into the
upper and lower Iguazu. The Iguazu River rises near the city
of Curitiba. For most of its course, the river flows through Brazil,
however, most of the falls are on the Argentine side. Below its
confluence with the San Antonio River, the Iguazu River forms the
boundary between Argentina and Brazil.