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Recognising rock art Natural or not?
I’m sorry, I haven’t a clue!
Weathering Location, slope, exposure, vegetation  etc Geology and archaeology CURRENT APPEARANCE Appearance of original carving Tools and techniques used, length of exposure  Original form of  carving Presence  of geological  features – e.g. vesicles, bedding planes, fissures Original form of  rock surface
Does it matter?   ,[object Object],[object Object]
But it matters to recorders… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
I  found it so it  must  be rock art! ,[object Object],[object Object]
When is a cup-mark not a cup-mark? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Peck marks ,[object Object]
Size ,[object Object],[object Object]
Shape ,[object Object],[object Object]
Depth ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Profile 1 In this sample of 111 cups the majority are 4-5 times wider than they are deep.
Profile 2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Occluded surfaces Water erosion in sloping cups  
Context 1 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Context 2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Context 3 ,[object Object]
Your turn! Using only visual clues…
 

 
X Natural erosion
 
X Natural erosion
Copt Howe – natural ‘cups’ on the panel…
Copt Howe – natural ‘cups’ on the panel… ? Natural erosion?
 
? Natural erosion + carving?
 
X Natural erosion
 

 
X Natural erosion
 

 
X Natural erosion
 

 
Chisel marks from quarrying X
 
X Natural erosion
 

 

 
X Natural erosion
 

 
X Natural erosion
 
Iron inclusions X
 

 
X Natural erosion
 
Bullet strike X
 
Marine molluscs X
 
?
Marine molluscs?
Marine molluscs? X
Conclusions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Natural or Not?