Natural disasters can be characterized by their predictability, controllability, speed of onset, length of forewarning, duration of impact, and scope and intensity of impact. They often result in deaths, disability, increased disease, psychological problems, food shortages, socioeconomic losses, shortages of medical supplies, and environmental destruction. Recent examples include over 10,000 deaths from Japan's 2011 tsunami and earthquake, flooding in 80% of New Orleans during Hurricane Katrina in 2005 that caused $81 billion in damage, and over 6,000 deaths in Nepal's 2015 earthquake that flattened half the country.