This document provides information about different types of natural disasters including those that occur on land, in water, and in air. It discusses disasters such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods, tsunamis, tornadoes, and others. It describes their causes and effects, highlighting that while natural disasters cannot be controlled, understanding them better can help minimize damage through improved disaster management.

1. Natural Disasters Group Members:- Tahira Jabbar Shaikh (4377) Shahid Hussain (4422) Sana Laiq Ali (4384) Kamran Mehmood (4424) Muhammad Muzammil Ghayas (4338) Course Instructor:- Miss Mehvish Saleem

3. A catastrophe.

4. A grave misfortune.Definitions

6. It often has a significant effect on human populations.

7. Typically the human populations either are displaced (left homeless) or killed.Natural Disasters

9. Directly affect life and property.Contd…

11. Air

12. WaterOccurrence & Affects of Natural Disasters

14. Volcanic Eruptions

15. Lahars

16. AvalanchesDisasters on Land

18. The underground point of origin is called the focus.

19. The point directly above the focus is called the epicenter.

20. They are measured with a seismometer.

21. The scale is called the Richter Scale.Earthquakes

23. It occurs in the same area or region of the main shock.

24. Its magnitude is relatively smaller than the main shock.The Aftershocks

26. The main shock is redesignated as the fore shock.Designation of Main Shock & The After Shock

28. Usually the secondary events kill the people.

29. Secondary events include:

30. Tsunami

31. Building Collapse

32. Fires

33. VolcanoesEarthquakes does not Kill People

35. It allows hot magma, ash and gasses to come out from below the surface.

36. They are generally found where tectonic plates are diverging or converging.Volcanic Eruptions

38. Can be harmful for the life and property.

39. Icelandic volcanic eruption continued for nearly 3 months.

40. Caused thousands of flights to be cancelled. Contd…

42. It is liquid while moving and becomes solid when the activity is stopped.

43. Can flow 100 km/hour.

44. Can cover a distance of more than 300 km.

45. Can be deadly due to their energy & speed.

46. Killed 23000 people in Armero , Columbia in 1985.Lahars

48. Primarily composed of flowing snow.

49. It occurs in mountainous regions.

50. It can mix air and water with descending snow.

51. Most destructive natural disaster in the mountainous regions.Avalanches

53. Blons Avalanches (1954) Some Notable Avalanches

55. Tsunami

56. Limnic eruptionsWater Disasters

58. They occur when the flow of water exceeds the capacity of river.

59. Heavy rain is another reason.

60. Can be destructive for life and property.Floods

62. It is caused by the displacement of a large volume of a water body.

65. In 2004, Indian Ocean Tsunami caused widespread destruction.

66. Hundreds of thousands of people were killed in different countries.

67. During 2nd World War, New Zealand army tried to create an artificial tsunami.

68. New Zealand army was failed to create the artificial tsunami.Contd…

70. Pacific tsunami warning system monitors Pacific Ocean’s seismic activities.

73. Occurs in lakes.

74. Occurs when a gas (carbon dioxide) erupts deep under the water.

75. Large cloud of carbon dioxide forms above the lake.

76. Killed 37 people in Cameron at Lake Monoun in 1984.

77. Killed 1700-1800 people in Cameron at Lake Nyos.Limnic Eruptions

78. Air Disasters

79. Tornado

81. In contact with both surface of earth and the cloud.

82. Approximate length is 250 feet (80 m).

83. Usually wind speed is 110 miles/hour.

84. Can attain wind speed of more than 300 miles/hour.Tornado

86. Water Spout

87. Dust Devil

88. Fire Whirls

89. Steam DevilSome Other Types of Tornadoes

90. Multiple-Vortex Tornado 2 tornadoes moving simultaneously

91. Waterspout A tornado over the Water

92. Dust Devil A Dust Devil

93. Fire Whirls A tornado of fire

94. Steam Devils Multiple tornadoes of Smoke

96. Better understanding of natural disasters and causes can help us in minimizing the damage.

97. By proper disaster management thousands of lives can be saved.Conclusion

98. Q & A