The document summarizes different types of natural disasters: 1) Forest fires spread outward from an ignition point, leaving burned forest behind, and can burn on the surface or rise into tree crowns. 2) Tornadoes are violently rotating columns of air in contact with the ground, often visible as a funnel cloud. 3) Earthquakes result from a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust, creating seismic waves and shaking the ground.