This document outlines several national health programs in India related to child welfare and control of communicable and non-communicable diseases. It describes programs focused on maternal and child care like the Maternal and Child Health program, Integrated Child Development Services scheme, and Child Survival and Safe Motherhood program. It also discusses programs for control of communicable diseases such as the National Immunization program, Revised National Tuberculosis Control program, and National AIDS Control program. The document provides details on the objectives, strategies and services provided by these various national health initiatives in India.
This is a lecture by Katherine A Perry from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative. To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc. Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
Immunization, or immunisation, is the process by which an individual's immune system becomes fortified against an infectious agent (known as the immunogen).
it is an acute highly contagious /infectious diseases caused by a varicella zoster virus. chicken pox is usually a mild self limiting illness and most healthy children recover with no complication.
Anyone who has had chickenpox in the past may develop shingles, you can only get shingles if you have previously had chicken pox as it is a recurrence or reactivation of the varicella zoster virus.it is not possible to develop shingles from exposure to a person with chickenpox it is possible however to develop chickenpox as a result of exposure to a person with shingles second attacks of chickenpox are rare but do occur.
This is a lecture by Katherine A Perry from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative. To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc. Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
Immunization, or immunisation, is the process by which an individual's immune system becomes fortified against an infectious agent (known as the immunogen).
it is an acute highly contagious /infectious diseases caused by a varicella zoster virus. chicken pox is usually a mild self limiting illness and most healthy children recover with no complication.
Anyone who has had chickenpox in the past may develop shingles, you can only get shingles if you have previously had chicken pox as it is a recurrence or reactivation of the varicella zoster virus.it is not possible to develop shingles from exposure to a person with chickenpox it is possible however to develop chickenpox as a result of exposure to a person with shingles second attacks of chickenpox are rare but do occur.
immunization of children is essential to prevent childhood illness, morbidity and mortality. immunization or vaccination is the way of protecting child from infectious diseases.
Concept about worm infestation
about--definition,causative agent,etiology,general pathophysiology,symptoms about worm infestation,management and prevention of worm infestation
Health talk on immunization ( presentation, health talk, lesson plan )SADDAM HUSSAIN
A health talk topic on immunization for nursing student .
also usefull for reading and improve knowledge
community health nursing , msc nursing , bsc nursing.
Immunization (either natural or artificial) provides protection to body against foreign antigenic species. Recent developments in this field have lead to the successful treatment of many such health disorders.
immunization of children is essential to prevent childhood illness, morbidity and mortality. immunization or vaccination is the way of protecting child from infectious diseases.
Concept about worm infestation
about--definition,causative agent,etiology,general pathophysiology,symptoms about worm infestation,management and prevention of worm infestation
Health talk on immunization ( presentation, health talk, lesson plan )SADDAM HUSSAIN
A health talk topic on immunization for nursing student .
also usefull for reading and improve knowledge
community health nursing , msc nursing , bsc nursing.
Immunization (either natural or artificial) provides protection to body against foreign antigenic species. Recent developments in this field have lead to the successful treatment of many such health disorders.
Critical appraisal of child health policies, programs, guidelines and their i...Mohammad Aslam Shaiekh
Critical Appraisal of Child Health Policies, Programs, Guidelines and Their Implementation Strategies and Review the Current Status of National Context
Critical appraisal of child health policies, programs, guidelines and their i...Mohammad Aslam Shaiekh
Critical Appraisal of Child Health Policies, Programs, Guidelines and Their Implementation Strategies and Review the Current Status of National Context.
RMNCH + A MCH Program Dr Girish .B Associate Professor, CIMS, ChamarajanagarDr Girish B
RMNCH + A MCH Program Dr Girish .B Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Chamarajanagar Institute of Medical Sciences (CIMS), Chamarajanagar
Mother & Child is a vulnerable group. But many areas concerned with the health of these groups are preventable. This presentation helps you identify preventive aspects in pediatrics.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair: A New Horizon in Nephrology" explores groundbreaking advancements in the use of R3 stem cells for kidney disease treatment. This insightful piece delves into the potential of these cells to regenerate damaged kidney tissue, offering new hope for patients and reshaping the future of nephrology.
Explore our infographic on 'Essential Metrics for Palliative Care Management' which highlights key performance indicators crucial for enhancing the quality and efficiency of palliative care services.
This visual guide breaks down important metrics across four categories: Patient-Centered Metrics, Care Efficiency Metrics, Quality of Life Metrics, and Staff Metrics. Each section is designed to help healthcare professionals monitor and improve care delivery for patients facing serious illnesses. Understand how to implement these metrics in your palliative care practices for better outcomes and higher satisfaction levels.
The Importance of Community Nursing Care.pdfAD Healthcare
NDIS and Community 24/7 Nursing Care is a specific type of support that may be provided under the NDIS for individuals with complex medical needs who require ongoing nursing care in a community setting, such as their home or a supported accommodation facility.
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
2. INTRODUCTION:
The ministry of health, Government of India,
central health council launch programs aimed
at controlling or eradicating diseases which
cause considerable morbidity and mortality in
India.
3. HEALTH PROGRAMME
1. NATIONAL RURAL HEALTH MISSION
2. NATIONAL PROGRAMS RELATED TO MOTHER
AND CHILD CARE
1. Maternal and child health program (MCH)
2. Integrated child development service scheme (ICDS)
3. Child survival and safe motherhood program(CSSM)
4. Reproductive and child health program(RCH)
5. Integrated management of neonatal and childhood illness
4. NATIONAL PROGRAMS RELATED TO
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
National program of immunization
Acute respiratory infection control program
Diarrheal disease control program
Revised national tuberculosis control program
Leprosy eradication program
National vector borne disease control programs
National malaria eradication program
National Filarial control program
KALAAZAR controlprogram
National AIDS control program
5. NATIONAL PROGRAMS RELATED TO CONTROL
OF NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY DISORDERS
1. Special Nutritional program 1970
2. Mid-day meal program. 1957
3. Anemia prophylaxis program. 1970
4. National iodine deficiency disorders control
program. 1962
6. NATIONAL PROGRAMS RELATED TO
CONTROL OF NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
National School health program
National mental health program
National program for control of blindness
Vitamin A deficiency controlprogram
National cancer control program
National diabetes control program
Child welfare program for disabled children
National water supply and sanitation program
National family welfare program
Minimum needs program
8. GOALS
Reduction in IMR and MMR
Universal access to public health services
Prevention and control of communicable and
non communicable diseases.
Access to integrated comprehensive primary
health care.
9. Population stabilization, gender and
demographic balance.
Revitalize local health traditions and
mainstreamAYUSH
Promotion of healthy life styles
10. STRATEGIES
enhance capacity of panchayti raj institutions to
own, control and manage public health services.
Promote access to improve health care at house
hold level through theASHA
Health plan for each village through village
health committee of the panchayat
Strengthening sub-centre through an untied fund
to enable local planning and action and more
multi-purpose workers.
11. Prepared by the district health Mission,
including drinking water, sanitation and hygiene
and nutrition.
Technical support to National, State Block and
district levels traditions.
Reorienting medical education to support rural
health issues including regulation of medical
care and medical ethics.
Mainstreaming AYUSH revitalization local
health.
13. OBJECTIVES OF MCH:-
To reduce maternal, infant and
childhood mortality and morbidity.
To promote reproductive health
To promote physical and psychological
development of children and adolescent
within the family.
MATERNAL AND CHILDHEALTH
PROGRAME
14. SERVICES
Servics delivered by multipurpose health workers
Record of occurrence of pregnancy
identify women with anemia
Administered 2 doses Tetanus Toxoid.
Provide iron and folic acid tablet to pregnant
women
15. Risk
factor
Screen women identified as pregnant for any of
the risk factor
Age less than
17 years or
over 35 years
height <145cm
Weight <40
kg or >70kg.
history of
bleeding in
previous
pregnancy
history still
births
history of
cesarean
section
16. CARE OF CHILDREN
Monitoring of growth of children to detect
malnutrition.
Immunization
Treatment of common ailments
Referral cases to higher centers
Implementation national health policies.
17. INTEGRATED CHILD DEVELOPMENT
SERVICE SCHEME (ICDS) (1975)
TARGET: holistic development of children
OBJECTIVE-
To improve the nutritional and health status of children in
the age group 0-6 years.
To reduce mortality, morbidity, malnutrition and school
dropout.
To lay the foundation for proper psychological, physical
and social development of the child.
18. To achieve effective co-ordination of policy and
implementation amongst the various departments
to promote child development
To enhance the capability of the mother to look
after the normal health and nutritional needs of
the child through proper nutrition and health
education.
19. BENEFICIARY SERVICES
Children of below 3 years age Health checkup
group Immunization
Referral services
Supplementary nutrition
Children of 3-6 year age group Non formal preschool education
Health checkup
Immunization
Referral services
Supplementary nutrition
Expectant and nursing women Health check up
Immunization against tetanus
of expectant
Nutrition and health education
Supplementary nutrition
Other women of 15 to 45 years Nutritional and health
education
20. CHILD SURVIVAL AND SAFE
MOTHERHOOD PROGRAM (1992)
AIMS
To reduce infant mortality.
Provide antenatal care to all
pregnant women.
Ensure safe delivery services.
Provides basic care to all
neonates.
Identify and refer these neonates,
who are at risk.
22. OBJECTIVES
The program integrates all interventions of
fertility regulation, maternal and child health
with reproductive health for both men and
women.
The service to be provided are client oriented,
demand driven, high quality and based on needs
of community through decentralized
participatory planning and target free approach.
23. The program up gradation of the level of facilities
for providing various interventions and quality of
care. The first referral Units (FRUs) being set-up at
sub district level provide comprehensive emergency
obstetric and new born care.
Facilities of obstetric care, MTP and IUD insertion
in the PHCs level are improved.
Specialist facilities for STD and RTI are available in
all district hospitals and in a fair number of sub-
district level hospitals.
25. SERVICES PROVIDED
For the children
Essential newborn care
Exclusive breastfeeding
Immunization
Appropriate management ofARI
Vitamin Aprophylaxis
Treatment of anemia
26. For the mother
Tetanus Toxoid immunization
Prevention and treatment of anemia
Antenatal care and early identification of
maternal complications.
Delivery by trained personnel
Promotion of institutional deliveries
Management of obstetrical emergencies
Birth spacing
27. For the Eligible couple
Prevention of pregnancy
Safe abortion
For RTI/STD
Prevention and treatment of reproductive tract
infection and sexually transmitted diseases. RCH
program is a target-free program with voluntary
participation.
28. RCH PHASE – II 1ST APRIL, 2005
STRATEGIES
Essential obstetric care
Institutional delivery
Skilled attendance at delivery
Emergency obstetric care
Operational delivery
Operational PHCs and CHCs for round the clock
delivery services.
Strengthening referral system
30. Components:
Improvement of the case management
skills of health providers
Improvement in the overall health
system.
Improvement in family and community
health care practices.
Collaboration/coordination with other
Departments
31. IMNCI BENEFICIARIES
Care of Newborns and Young
Infants (infants under 2 months)
Care of Infants (2 months to 5
years)
32. PRINCIPLES OF IMNCI GUIDELINES
All sick young infants up to 2 months of age must
be assessed of “possible bacterial infection/
jaundice” and “diarrhea”.
All sick children aged 2 months up to 5 years
must be examined for general danger signs and
then for cough or difficult breathing, diarrhea,
fever or ear problem.
Cont……
33. All sick young infants and children 2 months up
to 5 years must also routinely be assessed for
nutritional and immunization status and feeding
problem.
Management procedures use a limited number of
essential drugs and encourages active
participation of caretakers.
Cont…….
34. Based on signs, the child is assigned to color coded
classification: “
- urgent hospital referral or admission
- specific medical Rx or advice
- home management
36. National program of immunization. 1985
Acute respiratory infection control program
Diarrheal disease control program (1971)
Revised national tuberculosis control program
1962
Leprosy eradication program 1955
National vector borne disease control programs
37. NATIONAL PROGRAM ON
IMMUNIZATION 1974
1974-WHO launched “Expended Programme Of
Immunization” (EPI)
1978-Govt. of India launched the same EPI
programme in India
1985 –EPI renamed as Universal immunization
programme
38. OBJECTIVES
To increase immunization coverage.
To improve the quality of service.
To achieve self sufficiency in vaccine production.
To train health personnel.
To supply cold chain equipment and establish a
good surviveillance network.
To ensure district wise monitoring
39. REVISED IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE
Age Vaccines
Pregnant Women TT (2 doses/Booster)
Birth BCG, OPV-O, Hep B1
6 - 8 weeks DPT -1, OPV -1, Hep B2, Hib1
10-12 weeks DPT -2, OPV -2, Hib2
14-16 weeks DPT -3, OPV-3, Hep B, Hib3
7-9 months Measles
15-18 months DPT booster, OPV – Booster, Hib,MMR
2 years Typhoid
4-5 years DTP,OPV
5-10 years TT,MMR2,Hep B
15 year TT
40. ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS
CONTROL PROGRAM
1990- Programme launched
1992- the Programme was implemented as part of CSSM
The WHO protocol puts two signs as the “entry criteria” for
a possible diagnosis of pneumonia.
cough
difficult breathing.
Patient treated with antibiotics
ampicillin 25-50 mg/kg/day
gentamicin 5.0mg/kg/day.
for a period of 7 to 10 days
41. REVISED NATIONAL TUBERCULOSIS
CONTROL PROGRAMME (RNTCP) 1962
Goal
The goal of TB Control Program is to decrease
mortality and morbidity due to TB and cut
transmission of infection until TB ceases to be a
major public health problem in India.
42. OBJECTIVES:
To achieve at least 85 % cure rate of the newly
diagnosed sputum smear-positive TB patients
To detect at least 70% of new sputum smear-
positive patients after the first goal is met.
44. COMPONENT OF DOT,S
Political and administrative commitment
Good quality diagnosis.
Good quality drugs.
The right treatment, given in the right way.
Systematic monitoring and accountability.
46. CATEGORIES OF TB CASES AND THEIR
TREATMENT REGIMENS
Category Characteristic of a TB
case
Treatment regimen
Intensive phase Continuation phase
Category I New sputum smear-
positive Seriously ill,
sputum smear-negative
• Seriously ill, extra-
pulmonary
2 ( HRZE )3
24 does
4 ( HR )3
54 does
Category II Relapse Failure
Treatment after default
Others
2(SHRZE)3
+1( HRZE )3
36 does
5 ( HRE )3
66 does
Category HI Sputum smear-negative
Not seriously ill, extra-
pulmonary
2 ( HRZ )3
24 does
4 ( HR ) 3
54 does
47. CONTROL OF DIARRHEAL DISEASE
(CDD) PROGRAM (1971)
STRATEGY :
To train medical and other health personnel in
standard case management of diarrhea.
Promote standard case management practices
amongst private practitioners.
Instruct mother in home management of diarrhea
and recognition sign which signal immediate
care.
Make available the ORS (oral rehydration salts)
packets free of cost
48. TREATMENT
The rational treatment of diarrhea consists in
prevention of dehydration in a by oral rehydration
therapy(ORS)
Breastfeeding should be continued.
In dysentery given cotrimoxazole in addition to
ORS. If unsatisfactory response, nalidixic acid is
given for five days.
Any program for diarrheal disease control must
include provision of portable water.
49. Parent must be educated regarding
storage of water and food in clear utensils,
continue of breastfeeding,
using of only freshly prepared weaning foods
washing of hands with soap before handling
food.
50. NATIONAL LEPROSY CONTROL
PROGRAM 1955
1955 -national leprosy control program 1955
1983 –national leprosy eradication program
SERVICES
Provide domiciliary treatment (MDT)
Provide services through mobile leprosy treatment
units with the help of PHCstaff.
Organize health education
deformity and ulcer care and medical rehabilitation
services.
51. NATIONAL AIDS CONTROL PROGRAM
(1987)
1987-NACP
1991 –NACP PHASE 1
1992 -National AIDS control organization
1999 –NACP PHASE 2
2011 –NACP PHASE 3
52. Objective
Prevent infections
care, support and treatment .
Strengthen- infrastructure, systems and human
resources
Strengthen the Strategic Information Management
System
53. STRATEGY
Surveillance of HIV infection as indicated
by serum positivity.
Surveillance of aids cases showing
clinical signs & symptoms.
Disease control strategies are targeted at
three main modes of spread
Sexual activity .
Self injection by drug addicts
HIV infected blood transfusion
54. Training programs for paramedical & general
practitioners to enhance their capability of effective
STD diagnosis.
Counseling for HIV & AIDS patients
Cheap availability of good quality condoms.
Licensing of blood banks, encouraging voluntary
blood donation & screening of blood for HIV,
malaria, hepatitis B & C to be mandatory for all.
56. 2003- (NVBDCP) is an umbrella programme for
prevention and control of Vector borne diseases.
1.Malaria
2.Dengue
3. Chikungunya
4. JapaneseEncephalitis
5. Kala-Azar
6. Filaria (LymphaticFilariasis)
57. NATIONAL MALARIA ERADICATION PROGRAM
(1953)
1953 National Malaria Control Programme
1958 National Malaria Eradication Programme
1977 Modified Plan of Operation (MPO).
1995 Implementation of Malaria Action Plan
1997 Enhanced Malaria Control Project in tribal
districts of the State (World BankAssisted)
2000 National Anti Malaria Programme
58. OBJECTIVES
To prevent death due to malaria
Agricultural and industrial production to be
maintained by undertaking intensive anti-
malarial measures in such areas.Early case
detection and promote treatment.
Vector control by house to house spray in rural
areas with appropriate insecticide and by
recurrent anti larval measures in urban areas.
Health education and community participation.
Reduction in the period of sickness
59. NATIONAL FILARIA CONTROL PROGRAM
(1995)
ACTIVITES
Delimitations of the problem in
unsurved areas.
Control in urban area through:
(a) recurrent anti larval measures
(b) anti parasitic measures
Control in rural areas through detection
and treatment of microfilaria
carriers/persons.
60. Anti-larval measures which include weekly
spray of approval larvacides and biological
control through larvivorous fishes.
Source reduction through environmental and
water management
Anti parasitic measure-diagnosis and treatment.
community awareness through education
Annual single dose (preventive)mass drug
administration of DEC (Diethylcarbamazine
citrate tablets)
61. KALA AZAR CONTROL PROGRAM (1991)
STRATEGY
Interruption of transmission for reducing vector
population by undertaking indoor residual
insecticidal spray twice annually.
Early diagnosis and complete treatment of kala-
Azar cases.
Information education and communication for
community awareness and community
involvement.
62. PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF DENGUE
HEMORRHAGIC FEVER
STRATEGY
Surveillance for disease andvectors.
Early diagnosis and prompt casemanagement
Vector control through community participation and
social mobilization.
Capacitybuilding.
64. Special nutritional program 1970
Mid-day meal program. 1957
Anemia prophylaxis program. 1970
National iodine deficiency disorders control
program
66. OBJECTIVE
To improve the nutritional status of preschool
children, pregnant,and lactating mother of poor
socio economic groups in urban slums,tribal area
and drought prone rural area
Child up to one
year
200kcl and 8-10g
protein/day
child 1-6 years. 300 kcal 10-12g
proteins/day
women 500 kcal 25g
protein/day
68. OBJECTIVES
To raise the nutritional status of primary school
children
To improve attendance and enrolment in school.
To prevent dropouts from primary school. Children
belonging to backward classes, schedule caste, and
scheduled tribe families are given priority.
69. PRINCIPLES:-
Should be a substitute.
1/3 Total energy and ½ total protein
Provided at the low cost
It is easily prepared
Locally available food
Change menu frequently.
70. BENEFICIARY
School children in the age group 6-11
year
SERVICES
provides 300 calories and 8-12 g
protein/day for 200 days in year
71. ANEMIA CONTROL PROGRAM (1970)
BENEFICIARY
Pregnant women,
Nursing mothers,
Women acceptors to terminal methods and IUD.
children 5 years
Daily dose of iron and folic acid tablets
women:80mg ferrous sulfate+0.5 mg folic acid.
Children:180mg ferrous sulfate+0.1 mg folic
acid.(2ml liquid )
72. NATIONAL IODINE DEFICIENCY
DISORDERS CONTROL PROGRAM (1962)
1962: NGCP launched
1984 : The central council of health approved the Policy
of Universal salt Iodization (USI): Private sector to
produce iodized salt
1992: NGCP renamed as NIDDCP
1997: sale and storage of common salt banned
73. OBJECTIVES:-
Surveys to assess the magnitude of the IDD.
Supply of iodated salt in place of common salt
Resurvey after every 5 years to assess the extent
of iodine deficiency disorders and the Impact of
iodated salt.
Laboratory monitoring of iodated slat and
urinary iodine excretion.
Health education & publicity.
74.
75. 1. National school health program. 1977
2. National mental health program 1982
3. National program for control of blindness 1963
4. National cancer control program 1975-1976
5. National diabetes control program
6. Child welfare program for disabled children
7. National water supply and sanitation program 1954
8. National family welfare program 1952
9. Minimum needs program 1974-1978 (5th five year
plan)
77. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
Promotion of positive health
Prevention of disease
Timely diagnosis, treatment and follow up
Health education to Inculcate awareness about
good and bad health.
Availability of healthful environment
78. COMPONENT
Healthappraisal
Remedial measures and followup
Prevention of communicabledisease
Healthfulenvironment
Nutritionalservices
First aidfacilities
Mentalhealth
Dentalhealth
Eye health
Ear health
Healtheducation
Education of handicappedchildren
School healthrecord
79. NATIONAL MENTAL HEALTH
PROGRAM (1982)
components
1. Treatment of Mentally ill
2. Rehabilitation
3. Prevention and promotion of
positive mental health.
80. OBJECTIVES
Provision of mental health services at district level.
Improvements of facilities in mental hospitals.
Training of trainers of PHC personnel in mental hospital
Program for substance use disorder.
82. 1963: Started as National Trachoma Control Program
1976: Renamed as National Program for prevention of
Visual Impairment and Control of Blindness
1982: Blindness included in 20-point program
83. OBJECTIVES
Dissemination of information about eye care.
Augmentation of ophthalmic services so that eye
care is promptly availed off.
Establishment of a permanent infrastructure of
community oriented eye health care.
84. BENIFICERY :- 6month -5 year children
STREATGY
Administration of vit A dose at a regular 6 monthinterval
VIT AADMINISTRATIONSCHEDUALE
6-11 month:-100000 IU
1-5 year:-200000 IU /6 months
Child must receive total 9 does
VITAMIN A DEFICIENCYCONTROL
PROGRAM (1970)
85. PREVENT VIT-A DEFICIENCYTHROUGH
Promotion of breastfeeding and feeding of colostrums.
Encourage the intake of green leafy vegetable and
yellow colored fruit.
Increase the coverage of with measles (depletes
vitamin Astores)
86. NATIONAL CANCER CONTROL
PROGRAM
1975-76: National Cancer Control Program
launched
1984-86: Strategy revised and stress laid on
primary prevention and early detection of cancer
cases.
1991-92: District Cancer Control Program
started
2000-01: Modified District Cancer Control
Program initiated
2004 : Evaluation of NCCP by NIHFW
2005 : Program revised after evaluation
87. GOAL ANDOBJECTIVE
Primary prevention of cancers by health education.
Secondary prevention i.e. early detection and
diagnosis of common cancer of cervix, mouth, breast
and tobacco related cancer by screening method.
Tertiary prevention strengthening of the existing
institutions of comprehensive therapy including
palliative therapy.
88. Prevention of tobacco related cancer.
Prevention of cancer of uterine cervix.
Strengthening of diagnostic and treatment equipment
for cancer at medical colleges and major hospitals.
89. THE SCHEMES UNDER THE REVISED
PROGRAM ARE
Regional cancer centre scheme
Oncology wing development scheme
District cancer control program
Decentralized NGO scheme
Research and training
90. NATIONAL DIABETES CONTROL
PROGRAM(7 FYP)
OBJECTIVES
Identification of high risk subjects at an early stage
and imparting appropriate health education.
Early diagnosis and management of cases
Prevention, arrest or slowing of acute and chronic
metabolic as well as chronic cardiovascular, renal and
ocular complication of the disease.
Rehabilitation of the partially or totally handicapped
diabetic people.
91. CHILD WELFARE PROGRAM FOR
DISABLED CHILDREN
DISABILITY IN FIVE YEAR PLANS
1FYP -Launched a small unit by the ministry of
education for the visually impaired in 1947.
2 FYP- under ministry of education a NationalAdvisory
Council for the physically challenged started.
3FYP-attention was given to rural areas and facilitated
training and rehabilitation of the physically
challenged.
Cont……
92. 4FYP-more emphasis was given to preventive work.
6FYP-national policies were made around for
provision of community oriented disability
prevention and rehabilitation services to
promote self reliance.
93. NATIONAL WATER SUPPLY AND
SANITATION PROGRAM 1954
OBJECTIVE
providing safe water supply and adequate
drainage facilities for the entire urban and
rural population of the country.
Cont……
94. SWAJALDHARA (2002)
Swajaldhara is a community led participatory program,
which
AIMS
providing safe drinking water in rural areas, with full
ownership of the community,
building awareness among the village community on
the management of drinking water projects,
promote better hygiene practices
encouraging water conservation practices along with
rainwater harvesting.
95. MINIMUM NEEDS PROGRAM
(1974-78-5 FYP)
OBJECTIVES
To improve the living standards of the people.
It is the expression of the commitment of the
government for the “social and economic
development of the community particularly the
underprivileged and underserved population.”
Cont……
96. COMPONENTS:
Rural health
Rural water supply
Rural electrification
Elementary education
Adult education
Nutrition
Environment improvement of urban slums
Houses for landless laborers.
97. NATIONAL FAMILY WELFARE
PROGRAM (1952)
1951, 100% Centrally Sponsored, concurrent list
First country in the world
1961 Family Welfare Dept.- created in 3rd FYP
4th FYP - integration of Family Planning services
with MCH services
MTP Act introduced1972
5th FYP(1975-80) The ministry of Family Planning
was renamed “Family Welfare”