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National cancer awareness day .pptx
- 1. NATIONAL CANCER AWARENESS DAY By S. P. SRIVATSAN XII B
- 2. National Cancer Awareness Day is observed on November 7 in India. The day highlights the significance of increased awareness about cancer prevention and early detection for the general public. National Cancer Awareness Day was first announced by the Indian Union Minister for Health and Family Welfare Dr. Harsh Vardhan in September 2014, and that 7th November will be observed as National Cancer Awareness Day every year to generate awareness about early detection and avoid leading cancer-causing lifestyles.
- 3. A disease which occurs when changes in a group of normal cells within the body lead to uncontrolled, abnormal growth forming a lump called a tumour If left untreated, tumours can grow and spread into the surrounding normal tissue, or to other parts of body
- 4. TYPES OF CANCER A tumour is classified into one of these three types based on its ability to undergo metastasis (spreading): Benign Tumour These tumours are localized at a particular location in the body. Moreover, it does not spread to the other parts of the body and is generally harmless. However, when a benign tumour occurs in areas such as the brain, it can turn fatal. Treatment often involves surgery and it does not grow back
- 5. Malignant Tumour These tumours are cancerous – meaning that they will grow quickly and spread to other normal tissues of the body. This ability to spread is called metastasis. Usually, cancer cells metastasize when it gets into the bloodstream or the lymph nodes and form secondary tumours across various sites in the body. Premalignant Tumour This type of tumour may be benign but is observed to have the characteristics of a malignant tumour. It may not have metastasized yet, but it has the potential to turn cancerous. In other words, a premalignant tumour is a type of tumour that has an increased risk of becoming cancer. Benign tumours become premalignant and eventually, malignant
- 6. Types of cancer From a medical perspective, cancer types can be classified based on the type of cell they originated from. Therefore cancer can be classified into
- 8. Causes of cancer ● Physical factors – Ionizing radiation, such as X-rays and gamma rays ● Chemical factors – Such as tobacco and smoke ● Biological factors – Viral oncogenes, proto-oncogenes and cellular oncogenes
- 9. Causes of cancer ● Modifiable risk factors Alcohol Being overweight or obese Diet and nutrition Physical activity Tobacco lonizing radiation Work place hazards Infection
- 10. Causes of cancer ● Non-modifiable risk factors Age Cancer-causing substances (carcinogens) Genetics The immune system
- 11. Signs &symptom of cancer
- 12. ● Unusual lumps or swelling - cancerous lumps are often painless and may increase in size as the cancer progresses ● Unexpected bleeding includes bleeding from the vagina, anal passage, or blood found in stools, in urine or when coughing
- 13. ● Changes in bowel habit - such as constipation and diarrhoea and/or blood found in the stools ● Unexplained weight loss - a large amount of unexplained and unintentional weight loss over a short period of time (a couple of months)
- 14. ● Heavy night sweats - be aware of very heavy, drenching night sweats ● A sore or ulcer that won't heal including a spot, sore wound or mouth ulcerA sore or ulcer that won't heal including a spot, sore wound or mouth ulcer ● New mole or changes to a mole-look for changes in size, shape, or colour and if it becomes crusty or bleeds or oozes
- 15. ● Unusual breast changes - look for changes in size, shape or feel, skin changes and pain ● Complications with urinating - includes needing to urinate urgently, more frequently, or being unable to go when you need to or experiencing pain while urinating
- 16. Prevention
- 17. Early detection There are a number of cancers which can be identified early which helps to improve the chances. of successful treatment outcomes, often at lower costs and with fewer (or less significant) side effects for patients. → There are cost-effective tests that help detect colorectal, breast, cervical and oral cancers early and further tests are being developed for other cancers.
- 18. I think this is what’s going to happen because… Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip. Variables that may affect the outcome... ● Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit ● Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua Hypothesis support
- 20. The experiment
- 21. Treating cancer Surgery If a cancer has not metastasized (spread), surgery can remove the entire cancer which may completely cure the disease. Often, this is effective in removing the prostate or a breast or testicle. Radiotherapy Radiation treatment or radiotherapy uses high-energy rays to reduce a tumour or destroy cancer cells as a stand-alone treatment and in some cases in combination with other cancer treatments.
- 22. Treating cancer Chemotherapy • Chemotherapy uses chemicals to interfere with the way cells divide - damaging of DNA- so that cancer cells will destroy themselves. → These treatments target any rapidly dividing cells (not necessarily just cancer cells), but normal cells usually can recover from any chemical-induced damage while cancer cells cannot. • Chemotherapy is generally used to treat cancer that has spread or metastasized because the medicines travel throughout the entire body. It is a necessary treatment for some forms of leukaemia and lymphoma
- 23. Treating cancer Immunotherapy * Immunotherapy uses the body's own immune system to fight the cancer tumour. * Immunotherapy may treat the whole body by giving an agent that can shrink tumours. Hormone therapy → Several cancers have been linked to some types of hormones. including breast and prostate cancer. → Hormone therapy works to change hormone production in the body so that cancer cells stop growing or are killed completely.
- 24. Gene therapy The goal of gene therapy is to replace damaged genes with ones that work to address a root cause of cancer: damage to DNA. Other gene-based therapies focus on further damaging cancer cell DNA to the point where the cell destroys themselves. However, gene therapy is new and has not yet resulted in any successful treatments.
- 26. ● Cancer awareness is the key to early detection and better health- seeking behaviour. ● Cancer is quite common in both developing as well as developed countries, but awareness is yet poor among the general population. ● Poor awareness may lead to poor uptake of screening modalities and delay in diagnosis. ● One factor that has been consistently shown to be associated with late diagnosis and treatment is a delay in seeking help for cancer- like symptoms. ● This paper reviews the literature on cancer awareness among the general population and attitude towards screening modalities.
- 27. ● The poor awareness level among the Indian population shows the need for health education and sensitisation regarding cancer and its different aspects. ● This will be helpful in the successful implementation of health programmes related to cancer.
- 28. Thank you