PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE

5. NATION , STATE
and
GLOBALIZATION

6. agenda
INTRODUCTION
3
PRIMARY GOALS
4
AREAS OF GROWTH
5
TIMELINE
10
SUMMARY
13

19. THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT
LEGISLATIVE
JUDICIARY
EXECUTIVE

20. According to the 1987 Constitution, legislative power shall be vested in the Congress of the Philippines, which shall
consist of a Senate and a House of Representatives.
The Senate shall be composed of twenty-four Senators who shall be elected at large by the qualified voters of the
Philippines, as may be provided by law; the House of Representatives shall be composed of not more than 250
(unless otherwise fixed by law), 20 percent of whom must be Party-list representatives.
Legislative process
Congress is responsible for making enabling laws to make sure the spirit of the constitution is upheld in the country and, at
times, amend or change the constitution itself. In order to craft laws, the legislative body comes out with two main documents:
bills and resolutions.
LEGISLATIVE

21. Resolutions convey principles and sentiments of the Senate or the House of
Representatives. These resolutions can further be divided into three different
elements:
•joint resolutions — require the approval of both chambers of Congress and the
signature of the President, and have the force and effect of a law if approved.
•concurrent resolutions — used for matters affecting the operations of both
chambers of Congress and must be approved in the same form by both houses, but
are not transmitted to the President for his signature and therefore have no force and
effect of a law.
•simple resolutions — deal with matters entirely within the prerogative of one
chamber of Congress, are not referred to the President for his signature, and
therefore have no force and effect of a law.
Bills are laws in the making. They pass into law when they are approved by both
houses and the President of the Philippines. A bill may be vetoed by the President,
but the House of Representatives may overturn a presidential veto by garnering a
2/3rds vote. If the President does not act on a proposed law submitted by Congress,
it will lapse into law after 30 days of receipt.

22. Judicial power rests with the Supreme Court and the lower courts, as
established by law (Art. VIII, sec. 1 of the 1987 Constitution). Its duty is to settle
actual controversies involving rights which are legally demandable and
enforceable (Art. VIII Sec. 1 (2)).
The judiciary enjoys fiscal autonomy. Its appropriation may not be reduced by
the Legislature below the appropriated amount the previous year (Art. VIII, Sec.
3).
JUDICIARY

23. EXECUTIVE
Executive Branch of Government. Article VII,
Section 1, of the 1987 Constitution vests executive
power on the President of the Philippines. The
PrSesident is the Head of State and Head of
Government, and functions as the commander-in-
chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.

24. Tydings-McDuffie Act, also called Philippine Commonwealth and
Independence Act, (1934), the U.S. statute that provided for
Philippine independence, to take effect on July 4, 1946, after a
10-year transitional period of Commonwealth government.
Quezon fought for passage of the Tydings–McDuffie Act (1934),
which provided for full independence for the Philippines 10 years
after the creation of a constitution and the establishment of a
Commonwealth government that would be the forerunner of an
independent republic.

25. The history of the Philippines from 1565 to 1898 is known
as the Spanish colonial period, during which the Philippine
Islands were ruled as the Captaincy General of the
Philippines within the Spanish East Indies,
Spanish rule (1521–1898)
American rule (1898–1946)
Japanese occupation (1941–1946)