The document discusses Indian nationalism and key events in India's history of war and conflict from independence in 1947 through 2019. It provides context on nationalism and nation, outlines elements of nationalism like common language and history, and describes varieties like liberal and aggressive nationalism. The timeline then summarizes major wars and operations India engaged in, from conflicts with Pakistan and China to internal issues like disputes in Kashmir and events linked to religious and social tensions. It focuses on the 1999 Kargil War where Indian forces evicted Pakistani troops from the region.

1. India: Nation & Nationalism in the backdrop of Kargil War
Dr. Basil B Mathew
Assistant Professor Department of Political Science
St.Peter’s College, Kolenchery

2. Nationalism
Nation

3. Nation Idea of common birth
Nationalism
Is a form of corporate sentiment if peculiar intensity,
intimacy and dignity related to a definite home country
Nationality is a sentiment of “Oneness” that unites the people of a particular kind and thus
differentiates them from others who do not share similar feelings and sentiments.
Nationalism becomes the ‘State of mind’

4. Nation
A group of people bound together by a common language, religion, culture, tradition and history.
A group of people who share a common cultural and historical identity, typically linked to a belief
in common descent.
Ethnic Group

5. Elements of Nationalism
Common race or kinship
Religion
Common Language
Common history and
culture
Common Political
aspirations
National Self
determination
Geographical conditions

6. Varieties of Nationalism
Liberal Nationalism
Aggressive Nationalism
Anti-colonial Nationalism

7. Indian Nationalism

9. Timeline –Indian history of war
1947: India gains independence from British rule.
1947: India fights first war with Pakistan after Pakistani tribesmen
supported by the army invade Jammu and Kashmir.
1948: Mahatma Gandhi is assassinated by
Nathuram Godse.

10. 1959: The Dalai Lama escapes to India. India’s sheltering of the Tibetan spiritual leader is seen as
a trigger for the 1962 war with China.
1948: Indian troops enter the Nizam-ruled princely state of
Hyderabad under Operation Polo and annex the state.
1961: Indian Army liberates Goa from the Portuguese; it
becomes a Union Territory.

11. 1962: French-ruled Pondicherry (now Puducherry) becomes
part of India as a Union Territory.
1962: China’s People’s Liberation Army invades India in Ladakh, and across the
McMahon Line in the then North-East Frontier Agency (now Arunachal Pradesh),
inflicting heavy damage on Indian forces.
1964: Jammu and Kashmir National Liberation Front floated to launch an armed struggle for an
independent and unified Kashmir
1965: India’s second war with Pakistan over Kashmir .

12. 1967: Armed peasant revolt in Naxalbari in the Darjeeling
district of West Bengal gathers momentum.
1971: India fights third war with Pakistan; East Pakistan breaks away from Pakistan
and Bangladesh is born as an independent nation
1972: India and Pakistan sign the Simla Pact, under which the two sides agree to sort out differences
and disputes bilaterally.
1974: India conducts peaceful nuclear test at Pokhran, comes under international sanctions.
1969: Indian Space
Research Organization
(ISRO)

13. 1984: Operation Blue Star is launched to drive out the Sikh extremist religious leader Jarnail Singh
Bhindranwale and his armed followers from the premises of the Golden Temple in Amritsar.
1984: Prime minister Indira Gandhi assassinated by two of her Sikh bodyguards.
1984: More than 3,500 people die and 500,000 are injured in the Bhopal Gas Tragedy
1988: Prime minister Rajiv Gandhi visits China and meets Deng Xiaoping
1989: Outbreak of militancy in Jammu and Kashmir.

14. 1990: V.P. Singh government tables Mandal Commission recommendations for 27% reservation for OBC
candidates in all levels of government services.
1992: The Babri Masjid demolished.
1993: Series of bomb blasts in Bombay (now Mumbai).
1998: India conducts five nuclear tests, joins club of countries possessing nuclear weapons. Pakistan tests six atomic
weapons in response.

15. 1999: Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee visits Lahore in the inaugural run of the Delhi-
Lahore bus. The two countries sign Lahore pact committing both to bilateral dispute
resolution.
1999: Delhi-bound Indian Airlines flight IC-814 hijacked from
Kathmandu to Kandahar in Afghanistan
1999: Indian army evicts Pakistani army regulars and militants from the heights of
Kargil inside the Line of Control in Kashmir.
Kargil
War

16. The victory came at a high price. The official death toll on the side
was between 357 and 453.
Nearly 4,000 soldiers have been killed in the country after the Kargil operations
2002: Communal violence breaks out in Gujarat after a coach of Sabarmati Express is set on fire at
Godhra railway station
Kargil
War

17. 2005: Right to Information Act implemented.
2006: National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005,
implemented.
2008: Ten members of Lashkar-e-Taiba carry out a series of coordinated shooting
and bombing attacks at different locations, including CST, Taj hotel, in Mumbai.
2010: Unique Identification Authority of India issues the first Aadhaar card to Ranjana Sonawne, a
resident of Tembhli village in Nandurbar district of Maharashtra.

18. 2015 September - India launches its first space laboratory Astrosat in its
biggest project since its Mars orbiter mission in 2014.
2016 November - In a surprise announcement, the government withdraws high denomination notes from
circulation causing chaotic scenes at banks across the country as customers try to exchange old notes.
2018 September - Supreme Court strikes down a colonial-era law to
decriminalise gay sex.

19. Uri Surgical Strike (June 12 2018)
India carried out surgical strikes in Pakistan Occupied Kashmir, inflicting
heavy casualties on terrorists and 'those protecting them" and indicating a
change of stand on the rules of engagement on the disputed line of control.
2019 February - Clashes with Pakistan follow an attack by the Pakistan-based Jaish-e
Mohammad jihadist group on security forces' convoy in Indian-controlled Kashmir.

20. The 2019 Balakot (Feb 26) airstrike was conducted by India in the early morning hours of February 26
when Indian warplanes crossed the de facto border in the disputed region of Kashmir, and dropped bombs
in the vicinity of the town of Balakot in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in Pakistan
On 14 February 2019, a convoy of vehicles carrying security personnel on the Jammu Srinagar National
Highway was attacked by a vehicle-borne suicide bomber at Lethpora in the Pulwama district, Jammu and
Kashmir. The responsibility for the attack was claimed by the Pakistan-based Islamist militant group Jaish-e-
Mohammed.
Chandrayaan – 2 :
Mission Plan of Chandrayaan – 2 Spacecraft
First earth bound orbit raising maneuver for Chandryaan-2 spacecraft was performed successfully
on July 24, 2019 as planned, using the onboard propulsion system for a firing duration of
48 seconds.

22. Nationalism
Nationalism is an infantile disease. It is the measles of
mankind : Albert Einstein

23. Nationalism
Nationalism
Nationalism

24. Nationalism

25. Nationalism

26. Nationalism