This document discusses the discovery of Scutellinia barlae, a fungus species new to the Croatian mycoflora. It was found in two locations on the island of Krk, representing the first record of the genus Scutellinia in the Croatian North Adriatic. The fungus is described in detail and compared to the similar species S. minor. Although the two species inhabit different climatic zones, their closest known localities in Croatia are only 45 km apart. The January mean air temperature of 0°C separates the areas where each has been found to date. Standardized microscopic analysis was used to characterize and compare the species.
Wheat quality can be defined in terms of inherent quality attributes those under genetic control and seasonal quality attributes. One of the parameters of wheat quality is insect-damage.
Wheat quality can be defined in terms of inherent quality attributes those under genetic control and seasonal quality attributes. One of the parameters of wheat quality is insect-damage.
các Slide môn Law thuộc chương trình tiên tiến K49, NEU. Nhóm 13 gồm có các thành viên: Phạm Duy Thanh, Đặng Phương Tâm, Nguyễn Tiến Thịnh, Nguyễn Văn Sơn. Giảng viên : Trần Văn Nam.
"Email is dead."
"Brands can no longer derive value from email marketing."
"Other communications methods like social media and texting have replaced email."
"The inbox will soon be a wasteland."
Each one of the statements above has been uttered by consumers, marketers and respected thought leaders alike. But is email marketing really taking its last breath? Or are we just doing it wrong?
In a discussion filled with relevant stats, real examples and best practices you need to know, Chris Sietsema of Teach to Fish Digital discusses email's future and what agencies can do to today to improve email marketing programs.
Extradosed Bridges – Assessment of seismic damage using Ground Acceleration a...irjes
Forced vibration of structure for given Earthquake time history is governed by peak acceleration. For
cable stayed structures such as Extradosed cable stayed bridge it is difficult to predict dynamic response using
usual methods of dynamic analysis as applied to some other bridge structures like response spectrum analysis,
accurate analysis like time history analysis is time consuming and has time and cost effects. Nonlinearities can
only be considered in time history analysis. The proposed method correlates the peak ground acceleration
(PGA) and earthquake deformation ratio (EDR) which can be used for simplified dynamic analysis and can
prove handy tool for structural engineers to know earthquake related serviceability without much complicated
analysis at initial stages. This ratio can be used to present seismic damage indices. The method is proposed
considers Extradosed bridge for example.
The first edition of this book ‘‘PLANT LIFE DIVERSITY’’ comprised of eleven Chapters which include the following: 1. The characteristics of soil environment, 2. The plant kingdom, 3. Thallophyta (Fungi, Algae, Bacteria and Lichens), 4. Phycophyta (Algae), 5. Mycophyta (Fungi), 6. Lichens, 7. Bryophyta, 8. Pteridophyta (Ferns), 9. Angiosperms and Gynmnosperms, 10. Forms and functional adaptation of plant to ecosystem and 11. Growth in plants. This book is meant for students of Pre-Degree, B.Sc., B.Sc. (Hons) and M.Sc. of Biological group such as Plant Sciences, Zoology, Plant Breeding and Bio-sciences.
The foraminiferid Osangularia schloenbachi (Reuss) the erection of a neotype....Stephen Crittenden
Erection of a neotype for the loss of the original specimen of the foraminiferid Osanglaria schloenbachi Crittenden and Price conducted an extensive search with no success. But....since this erection of the neotype the original type specimens have been found in Vienna
Jumping cockroaches (Blattaria, Skokidae fam. n.) from the Late Jurassic of K...GeoCommunity
Peter Vršanský (2007): Jumping cockroaches (Blattaria, Skokidae fam. n.) from the Late Jurassic of Karatau in Kazakhstan. Biológia 62, 5: 588-592, (published with permission of editorial board of Biológia journal, Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences)
các Slide môn Law thuộc chương trình tiên tiến K49, NEU. Nhóm 13 gồm có các thành viên: Phạm Duy Thanh, Đặng Phương Tâm, Nguyễn Tiến Thịnh, Nguyễn Văn Sơn. Giảng viên : Trần Văn Nam.
"Email is dead."
"Brands can no longer derive value from email marketing."
"Other communications methods like social media and texting have replaced email."
"The inbox will soon be a wasteland."
Each one of the statements above has been uttered by consumers, marketers and respected thought leaders alike. But is email marketing really taking its last breath? Or are we just doing it wrong?
In a discussion filled with relevant stats, real examples and best practices you need to know, Chris Sietsema of Teach to Fish Digital discusses email's future and what agencies can do to today to improve email marketing programs.
Extradosed Bridges – Assessment of seismic damage using Ground Acceleration a...irjes
Forced vibration of structure for given Earthquake time history is governed by peak acceleration. For
cable stayed structures such as Extradosed cable stayed bridge it is difficult to predict dynamic response using
usual methods of dynamic analysis as applied to some other bridge structures like response spectrum analysis,
accurate analysis like time history analysis is time consuming and has time and cost effects. Nonlinearities can
only be considered in time history analysis. The proposed method correlates the peak ground acceleration
(PGA) and earthquake deformation ratio (EDR) which can be used for simplified dynamic analysis and can
prove handy tool for structural engineers to know earthquake related serviceability without much complicated
analysis at initial stages. This ratio can be used to present seismic damage indices. The method is proposed
considers Extradosed bridge for example.
The first edition of this book ‘‘PLANT LIFE DIVERSITY’’ comprised of eleven Chapters which include the following: 1. The characteristics of soil environment, 2. The plant kingdom, 3. Thallophyta (Fungi, Algae, Bacteria and Lichens), 4. Phycophyta (Algae), 5. Mycophyta (Fungi), 6. Lichens, 7. Bryophyta, 8. Pteridophyta (Ferns), 9. Angiosperms and Gynmnosperms, 10. Forms and functional adaptation of plant to ecosystem and 11. Growth in plants. This book is meant for students of Pre-Degree, B.Sc., B.Sc. (Hons) and M.Sc. of Biological group such as Plant Sciences, Zoology, Plant Breeding and Bio-sciences.
The foraminiferid Osangularia schloenbachi (Reuss) the erection of a neotype....Stephen Crittenden
Erection of a neotype for the loss of the original specimen of the foraminiferid Osanglaria schloenbachi Crittenden and Price conducted an extensive search with no success. But....since this erection of the neotype the original type specimens have been found in Vienna
Jumping cockroaches (Blattaria, Skokidae fam. n.) from the Late Jurassic of K...GeoCommunity
Peter Vršanský (2007): Jumping cockroaches (Blattaria, Skokidae fam. n.) from the Late Jurassic of Karatau in Kazakhstan. Biológia 62, 5: 588-592, (published with permission of editorial board of Biológia journal, Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences)
In order to assess the Myxosporeans fauna of Cameroon fresh water fishes so
as to find the fight strategies, 655 specimens (350 Oreochromis niloticus and 305
Barbus callipterus) were sampled in Mapé river (Sanaga basin) and examined.
Standard methods were used for the sampling of fishes, conservation and microscopy.
Morphometric characteristics of the spores were used for species identification. Two
new species belonging to the genus Myxobolus Büstchli, 1882 were described namely
Myxobolus tchoumbouei n. sp in Barbus callipterus which formed cysts within various
organs (fins, skin and operculum); Myxobolus mapei n. sp parasite of kidneys and liver
in Oreochromis niloticus and Barbus callipterus. Myxobolus tchoumbouei exhibited
very long spores (19.19 x 8.89 μm), pear-shaped with rounded anterior end
sometimes flattened. Polar capsules were dissymmetrical. They measured 7.60 x 3.00
μm for the bigger and 7.06 x 2.62 μm for the smaller. Myxobolus mapei n. sp had
ellipsoidal spores (13.50 x 6.83 μm) with unequal polar capsules. The larger polar
capsule (6.44 X 2.88 μm) was about 1.5 times longer than the smaller one (4.13 X 1.61
μm) and filled half of the spiral cavity. The awareness about these parasites is useful
to find fighting strategies.
A Fossil Dicot Wood Aeschynomenoxylon Mohgaonsesp.Nov From The Deccan Intertr...IOSR Journals
The Deccan Intertrappean flora is mostly silicified and often very well preserved, representing the groups Thallophyta (fungi, algae and charophytes), water ferns, conifers and angiosperms with both monocotyledons and dicotyledons. The present wood is collected from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Mohgaonkalan. The wood is angiospermic diffuse porus, vessels solitary and in multiples of two, usually small, occasionally of medium size. Xylem parenchyma scanty with paratracheal vasicentri type, Intervascular pitting are simple and alternate.Perforation plate simple. Fibers are non-septate and storied. Wood rays uniseriate only. Rays are homogenous and made up of procumbent cells only. It show its affinities with the reported species of Aeschynomene.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Baseia & Calonge - 2005 - aseroë floriformis, a new phalloid with a sunflower...Rhudson Cruz
Aseroe floriformis represents a new species lacking radiating branches on the receptacle and having a raspberry colour on the stipe; it grows in sandy soil.
توێژینهوهیهك له زانكۆی سۆران له بهشی بایۆلۆجی لهبارهی قهوزه و پارامیتهری ئاوی سێ
سهرچاوهی سروشتی له گهلی عهلی بهگدا
ئامادهكردنی:
محمود خلیل پیرانی
شۆرش شاكر گهردی
بهسهرپهرشتی:
م.بهلقیس حاجی رهسول
*********************************************************************
پێشكهشه به ههموو پێشمهرگه قارهمانهكانی كوردستان و ههموو ماله شههیده نهمر و سهربهرزهكان
*********************************************************************
Kurdistan Regional Government
Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research
Soran University
Faculty of Science-Biology Department
*******************************************************************
A study of algal species with some water parameters in three springs within Gali Ali-bag valley
******************************************************************
Summary:
In the present study, three spring locations were selected in Gali Ali-Bag valley,
within Arbil province for limnological and phycological studies.
The ranges of physico-chemical parameters for studied springs were as follows:
17.7 -12°C for water temperature. The pH values never fall below 7.3 and with
maximum value of 7.9. Specific electrical conductivity was varied form 200 –
370 μs.cm -1 , the alkalinity was in range of 95-136 mg.CaCO 3. l -1 . Acidity values
were at levels of 1.8 -3.3 mg.CaCO 3. l -1 . The Chloride was varied form 4.9-8.9
mg.l -1 .
A total of 25 non diatom algal species belong to 3 divisions, 5 classes, 8 orders, 9
families, 12 genera were identified.
*****************************************************************
By
Shoreh Sh. Yaseen
Mahmoud Kh. Mahmoud
*******************************************************
Supervised by
Balqis H. Rasul
*********************************************************
Dedications:
Dedicate to all Peshmarga, immortal Peshmarga martyrs and their proud families
*********************************************************
Acknowledgment:
Of course, we are satisfied with our subject in this project, however it is our first
experience, but we could pass our tasks successfully with the help of some
teachers and friends for which we appreciate them especially head of the biology
department Mr. Shoresh who let us do this project.
Our special thanks to:
- Mrs. Balqis who was our supervisor and helped us to develop and complete
the thesis by her advices, guidance and comments.
- All friends who helped us in this project.
***************************************************************
Email: mahmoud_pirani@yahoo.com
mahmud.khalil.p@gmail.com
Mobile Phone: (00964) 0750 412 8959
www.facebook.com/mahmoud.shab3
**************************************************************
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Unsubscribed: Combat Subscription Fatigue With a Membership Mentality by Head...
Natcroat 1998 7_matocec
1. ISSN 1330-0520
UDK 582.282(497.5)
THE GENUS SCUTELLINIA (PEZIZALES,
ASCOMYCOTINA) IN CROATIA, II.: SCUTELLINIA
BARLAE AND S. MINOR
NEVEN MATO^EC
Ru|er Bo{kovi} Institute, Bijeni~ka c. 54, Zagreb, Croatia
Mato~ec, N.: The genus Scutellinia (Pezizales, Ascomycotina) in Croatia, II.: Scutellinia bar-
lae and S. minor, Nat. Croat., Vol. 7, No 2., 91¿105, 1998, Zagreb
The present research on Discomycetes in the Kvarner region has produced the first Croatian
record of S. barlae, the first record of the genus Scutellinia in the Croatian North Adriatic. This
European species is relatively poorly known as it has been so far recorded in only ten localities
situated mostly in the Mediterranean area. Collections of the species were examined in detail
through a proposed standardised procedure and compared with other collections outside Croatia
as well as with the similar species S. minor. Although S. barlae and S. minor inhabit quite different
bioclimatic areas, their closest localities in Croatia, are only 45 km distant. The January mean air
temperature isotherm of 0 °C clearly separates all so far known localities of these two species.
Key words: Ascomycotina, Pezizales, Scutellinia, S. barlae, S. minor. ¿ Chorology, morphology,
mycofloristics, standardised microscopical research. Croatia.
Mato~ec, N.: Rod Scutellinia (Pezizales, Ascomycotina) u Hrvatskoj, II.: Scutellinia barlae i
S. minor, Nat. Croat., Vol. 7, No 2., 91¿105, 1998, Zagreb
Novo istra`ivanje diskomiceta, provedeno na Kvarneru, rezultiralo je pronalaskom nove vrste
iz roda Scutellinia za Hrvatsku mikofloru: S. barlae. To je ujedno i prvi nalaz toga roda na sjever-
nom Jadranu u Hrvatskoj. Ta europska vrsta je razmjerno slabo poznata, jer je utvr|ena samo na
deset, prete`no mediteranskih nalazi{ta. Zbog toga su na{i nalazi te vrste detaljno opisani i
uspore|eni s ostalim nalazima izvan Hrvatske, kao i sa sli~nom vrstom S. minor, koriste}i
predlo`eni standardizirani postupak. Iako nastanjuju posve razli~it bioklimatski prostor, najbli`i
dosad poznati lokaliteti vrsta S. barlae i S. minor nalaze se u Hrvatskoj, udaljeni tek 45 km zra~ne
linije. Izoterma prosje~ne sije~anjske temperature zraka od 0 °C potpuno razdvaja sva dosad
poznata nalazi{ta tih dviju vrsta.
Klju~ne rije~i: Ascomycotina, Pezizales, Scutellinia, S. barlae, S. minor. ¿ korologija, mikofloris-
tika, morfologija, standardizirano mikroskopijsko istra`ivanje, Hrvatska.
NAT. CROAT. VOL. 7 No 2 91¿105 ZAGREB June 30, 1998
Hrvatski prirodoslovni muzej, Demetrova 1, Zagreb, Croatia
2. INTRODUCTION
Discomycete research in the Kvarner area carried out in spring 1996 produced
the first Croatian record of the species Scutellinia barlae (Boud.) Maire, the first
record of the genus Scutellinia (Cooke) Lambotte in the Croatian North Adriatic,
extending the known distribution of the genus into the Croatian Mediterranean
area. It is not surprising that this particular species has been found in this area in
view of its warm temperate European distribution. Because of the great morpho-
logical similarities, this species was compared with the species S. minor (Velen.)
Svr~ek, which has also recently been found in Croatia (MATO^EC et al. 1995).
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The geographical range of the present research includes the Vinodol area, part
of the Velebit coast and the following Kvarner islands: Krk, Prvi}, Sv. Grgur, Goli,
Rab, the northern part of Pag and some of the smaller islets (Plate 1).
During research on the Mediterranean area, special attention was given to
those habitats previously presumed capable of being settled by pezizalean fungi.
They are: (a) coastal springs, (b) coastal wet caves or niches, (c) running water
banks or intermittent brooks, (d) forest path fringes and humid trenches and (e)
forest terraces and slopes (see also MATO^EC et al. 1995). The sampled collections
and their habitats were photographed with 24 × 36 mm colour slides. Apothecia
were maintained in the living state in order to provide macroscopical descrip-
tions, spore prints and microscopical analysis of their natural living structures (cf.
BARAL 1992).
Maps of the Military Geographic Institute 1 : 25 000 were used to determine the
collection points precisely. As sources of supplementary data for ecological rela-
tions, we used the Climatic Atlas of FRY (for the period 1931¿1960) and the Cli-
matic Map of Europe (DE AGOSTINI 1992).
The material was firstly examined by optical microscope (lenses 40 × and 90 ×
with oil immersion) in the living state in tap water medium (cf. HUHTINEN 1990a
and BARAL 1992) and after that in statu emortuo in cotton blue medium. Both spe-
cies identification and determination of the variation range of qualitative and
quantitative characters in our collections were based on apothecial anatomy and
hymenial elements. Ascospore ornamentation was measured and described using
the cotton blue stain dissolved in lactophenol. Preparation, procedure and pur-
pose were elaborated earlier (ERB & MATHEIS 1983, MATO^EC et al. 1995). All the
ascospore characters were based on samples of 100 fully matured ascospores pre-
pared from apothecial spore prints. Both samples of fresh ascospores in tap water
medium and those stained in cotton blue, taken from the same spore print, were
measured and compared. Statistical samples of the most valuable differential char-
acters (ascospore shape and diameter and ascospore ornamentation height and di-
ameter) were used in order to compare our collections of both species S. barlae
(Boud.) Maire and S. minor (Velen.) Svr~ek. The results of this procedure were cal-
92 Mato~ec, N.: The genus Scutellinia (Pezizales, Ascomycotina) in Croatia…
3. culated and graphically presented by Statsoft's program STATISTICA 4.3. for Win-
dows. Qualitative and quantitative characters of marginal hairs, based on 50
measurements, were also used for the same purpose.
Exiccata, spore prints, colour slides, collection drawings and textual data as
well, are deposited in the Mato~ec personal fungarium.
Abbreviations
2/ = Mato~ec personal fungarium, Gajnice 13, Zagreb; CB = cotton blue; CB+ =
cyanophillic structures; CB¿ = non-cyanophillic structures; H2O = tap water; SEM
= Scanning Electron Microscope. In abbreviations of authors of fungal names I fol-
low P. M. KIRK & A. E. ANSELL (1992).
The level of observation and the presentation
In the species concept, organism delimitation, fructification definition, anatomi-
cal terminology, taxonomy and nomenclature I follow an earlier paper (MATO^EC
et al. 1995). In biogeographical terminology I follow SCHUMACHER (1990, 1993).
MATERIAL STUDIED
Scutellinia barlae (Boud.) Maire
Publ. Junta Cincies Nat. Barcelona, Ser. Bot., 15(2): 19, 1933.
Illustrations: Plate 2, 3
Apothecia shallowly cupulate to plane, sessile, 4.0¿6.5 mm in diam. Hymenium
reddish orange to scarlet red. Apothecial margin densely beset with short, almost
not protruding ochraceous brown to blackish brown hairs. Excipular surface grey-
ish orange clothed with relatively sparse, short and inconspicuous, greyish ochra-
ceous hairs.
Marginal hairs flexuous, predominantly obtuse to tapering, exceptionally pointed
at the top, generally spindle-shaped but sometimes broadest at the basal half, uni-
formly coloured, (1) 2¿6 celled, 126¿352 × 13.5¿27.0 m m, always with simple, un-
branched base; walls ochraceous yellow to rusty brown, 2.9¿6.7 m m thick. Excipular
hairs completely homogenous as regards to the marginal hairs, flexuous, predomi-
nantly pointed at the apex, generally spindle-shaped, uniformly coloured, (2) 3¿8
celled, 146¿378 × 12.3¿19.5 m m, with simple, unbranched base; walls ochraceous
yellow to brownish, 2.5¿4.6 m m thick. Marginal part of the excipulum composed
of prismatic to isodiametric angular cell rows oriented to the excipular surface at
a low angle; cells 7.5¿25.5 m m in diam., hyaline to subhyaline, CB+. Ectal excipu-
lum 160¿185 m m thick, pseudoparenchymatic, composed of isodiametric angular
to slightly elongated cells, 14.5¿75 × 14.5¿50.0 m m, walls CB+, 0.4¿1.0 m m thick.
Medullary excipulum 370¿430 m m thick, composed of textura porrecta-intricata;
cells cylindric, run ± parallel to the excipular surface, 3.6¿12.0 m m in diam., walls
Nat. Croat. Vol. 7(2), 1998 93
4. CB¿. Subhymenium distinct, 60¿80 m m thick, composed of densely packed angu-
lar to shortly elongated cells with CB¿ or locally with weak CB+ walls. Asci cy-
lindric, pleurorhynchous, uniseriate and 8-spored, operculate, hyaline, 274¿316 ×
23.3¿28.2 m m. Paraphyses cylindric, simple, mostly clavate enlarged, rarely with
paddle-shaped or fusiformly enlarged apical part; apical cell 30¿66 m m long and
6.0¿11.0 m m in diam., filled with yellowish orange to orange red granuliform to
vermiform pigment, normally septate. Mature ascospore in the living state in H2O
perfectly globose, hyaline, 18.1¿21.2 m m in diam., filled with numerous, refractive,
granular lipid bodies. Mature ascospores stained in CB, ± globose, 16.5¿19.3 m m in
diam. Ascospore ornamentation CB+, composed of isolated roller-shaped, aculeo-
late warts, 0.6¿1.8 m m in diam. and 0.6¿1.7 m m in height. The outer wall layer not
loosening when heated in CB. Premature, not ejected ascospores often subglobose
to broadly ellipsoid.
Two collections originated from separate fructifications found on very wet
ground of the edge of a path situated in low forest. The first fructification was
composed of 10 separated, mostly mature apothecia. The substrate was forest
ground without litter and partly beset with mosses. The second fructification was
composed of 35 mostly separated, fully mature apothecia. The substrate was also
forest ground, but without litter or mosses. Therefore, these two fructifications
were designated humus saprotrophs. The distance of these fructifications was 4.5
m and they showed total space discontinuity.
Both collections, which originate from a SW slope, were situated in the lower
spring area of the Vela rika gorge on the island of Krk, Plate 1. The locality is
situated in a relatively wet flysch area inside the karst region, in Sub-Mediter-
ranean low forest composed of Quercus pubescens Willd. and Ostrya carpinifolia
Scop. According to the Climatic Atlas of FRY (for the period of 1931¿1960), the
monthly mean air temperature in January is +4 °C, while the monthly mean air
temperature in the fructification month (April) is +12 °C. The monthly mean pre-
cipitation in April is 80 mm. Woody species in the areas of the collection points
(20 m in diameter per each collection point) were listed according to their quan-
tity: Quercus pubescens Willd., Ostrya carpinifolia Scop., Acer monspessulanum L. and
Coronilla emeroides Boiss. & Spr.
Specimens examined: Collections 2/3008 and 2/3009, Vela rika gorge near Sv.
Juraj on the island of Krk, UTM 33T VK 87, altitude 250 m above sea level, 6
April 1996., leg. N. Mato~ec & M. Samard`i}.
DISCUSSION
Chorology
The present collections of S. barlae represent a new species for Croatian myco-
flora. There are now 15 recognised species of this genus in Croatia. This warm
temperate species, restricted probably to the European continent is, however, rela-
94 Mato~ec, N.: The genus Scutellinia (Pezizales, Ascomycotina) in Croatia…
5. tively poorly known and has been found with certainty in only ten localities.
Those localities are situated mostly in the Mediterranean area (7 localities) and
also on the warm Atlantic (3 localities), Plate 1A. Our collections of S. barlae are
treated here in detail and compared with material collected outside Croatia as
well as with records of the morphologically most similar species ¿ S. minor.
Collections of S. barlae made on the island of Krk also fall in the ecological
range of the fructification period for the genus Scutellinia determined for the Cro-
atian inland (range of monthly mean air temperature 10¿21 °C and precipitation
above 70 mm). This confirmed the validity of the »Time-space fructification prob-
ability model« even on the Croatian North Adriatic with a Sub-Mediterranean cli-
mate (cf. MATO^EC et al. 1995).
The distance between the known localities of S. barlae and S. minor is the
shorter in Croatia than in any other country. Only 45 km separate the locality of
S. barlae on the island of Krk and locality of S. minor on subalpine »island«, sink-
hole Viljska ponikva in the national park »Risnjak«.
Although the so far known localities of both S. barlae and S. minor are insuffi-
cient to define their ranges, it is obvious that these two species inhabit quite dif-
ferent bioclimatic areas. Therefore it is quite possible that these two species are
naturally isolated. S. minor is distributed only in subalpine, alpine and arcto-
boreal regions of Europe. All so far known localities are situated in the area with
a monthly mean air temperature in January below 0 °C (DE AGOSTINI 1992, Plate
1). On the other hand, S. barlae is a warm temperate species and distributed only
in European Mediterranean region and in the warm Atlantic. All so far known lo-
calities belong to the area with a monthly mean air temperature in January above
0 °C (DE AGOSTINI 1992, Plate 1).
Morphological characters and standardised microscopical research
The most valuable quantitative morphological characters at the species level in
the genus Scutellinia (ascospore and marginal hair characters) show considerable
deviations. Tables 1 and 2 represent these deviations in species Scutellinia barlae
and S. minor. On the other hand, qualitative characters are more or less stable,
and therefore can be successfully used distinguishing the species S. barlae and S.
minor. S. barlae has perfectly globose mature ascospores and simple, unforked
marginal and excipular hair base, while S. minor always has subglobose mature
ascospores at least in a large part of the sample as well as marginal hairs forked
at the bases, with 2¿3 branches (Plate 3). However, ascospore diameter may also
play an important role in distinguishing these two species. The variation ranges
of the ascospore diameter given in the literature vary considerably (Tabs.1, 2), of-
ten resulting in an unclear delimitation of these two species according to this sin-
gle characteristic. This could be connected with different authors having different
and not standardised research methods. Therefore the entire variability of this
characteristic should not be assigned to the natural variation range of these spe-
cies. It could be caused (besides measurement inaccuracy, micrometer calibration
inaccuracy and unrepresentative sampling) by:
Nat. Croat. Vol. 7(2), 1998 95
6. (a) different ways of taking samples of the ascospores for measurement. The
most reliable results can be obtained from the apothecial spore print, because it
represents the only sample with fully mature ascospores, ejected from the living
asci. Ascospore measurements taken from a preparation of apothecial sections, or
what is even worse, from a squash preparation, give a considerable amount of
low values due to the significant presence of young, premature ascospores, me-
chanically forced out from the premature asci. The measurements of ascospores
inside the asci may result in totally unexpected (and quite unreal) values because
of light diffraction in the ascus cytoplasm and premature ascospores.
(b) different procedures and media in which ascospores are measured. Living
ascospores in tap water medium show higher dimension values than those ob-
tained from rehydrated ascospores or especially those stained with cotton blue
(Tabs. 1¿3), as noticed earlier (BARAL 1992). These differences in both S. barlae and
S. minor were found on the basis of measurements made from samples of the
same apothecial spore print and mounted in both water and cotton blue media,
Table 3.
96 Mato~ec, N.: The genus Scutellinia (Pezizales, Ascomycotina) in Croatia…
Table 1. Comparative table of character values observed from all available and
possible references in S. barlae
Source Marginal hairs Ascospores Ascospore ornamentation
S. barlae base length
/µm
diam.
/µm
shape
shape
U
diam.
/µm
shape diam.
/µm
height
/µm
MATO^EC
1997 (H2O)
n=2
simple 126¿352 13.5¿27
glob.
18.1¿21.2
MATO^EC
1997 (CB)
n=2
simple 126¿352 13.5¿27
glob.
U
16.5¿19.3
acul. 0.6¿1.8 0.6¿1.7
ORTEGA &
VISOZO, 1991
n=1
simple 100¿400 15¿25
¿ glob.
U
20¿22
acul. ¿ ¿
SCHUMACHER
1990
n=6
simple ca. 300 15¿20
glob. glob.
?
16.2¿24.4
acul. up to
1.8
0.6¿1.4
(1.8)
DONADINI
1983
n=3
¿ 200¿400 15¿25 ?
glob.
?
glob.
?
19¿23
pust. ¿ ¿
BOUDIER
1905¿1910
n=?
simple
except.
forked
280¿305* 12.5¿18*
glob. ¿
17.0¿17.5*
acul. ¿ ¿
HIRSCH
1985, n=3
S. barlae ?
simple ca. 250 15¿25 ?
glob.
?
glob.
?
17.6¿19.8
tuber. up to
1.5
up to 1.0
(1.3)
character observed in the living state; U character observed in rehydrated material and stained in CB; ?
material state at time of microscopical research is unknown; * calculated values obtained by measuring the
original microscopic drawings n= number of examined collections; acul. aculeolate ornamentation; tuber.
tuberculate ornamentation; pust. pustulate ornamentation; glob. globose ascospores; subgl. subglobose as-
cospores
7. The collection marked »S. barlae?« (from HIRSCH /1985/, as S. trechispora (Berk.
& Broome) Lambotte) clearly do not belong to S. trechispora. It may represent S.
minor because it contains tuberculate ascospores, but on the other hand it may be
conspecific with S. barlae according to its unforked hair bases. The present author
did not examine this doubtful collection.
Nat. Croat. Vol. 7(2), 1998 97
Table 2. Comparative table of S. minor character values observed from all available
and possible references
Source Marginal hairs Ascospores Ascospore ornamentation
S. minor base length
/µm
diam.
/µm
shape
shape
U
diam.
/µm
shape diam.
/µm
height
/µm
MATO^EC
1995 (H2O)
n=1
mostly
forked
220¿488 17.2¿30 glob.-
subgl.
14.5¿16.8
MATO^EC
1995 (CB)
n=1
mostly
forked
220¿488 17.2¿30
subgl.
U
13.6¿16.2
acul. 1.2¿2.1 0.8¿2.2
SCHUMACHER
1990
n=26
simple
to 2¿3x
forked
100¿450
(650)
15¿40 glob.-
subgl.
glob.-
subgl.
?
14.8¿19.4
acul. ca. 1.5 1.0¿1.8
MORAVEC
1974
n=?
¿ ¿ ¿
?
glob.-
subgl.
?
glob.-
subgl.
?
14.8¿16.3
acul. up to
1.5
1.0¿2.0
SVR^EK &
MORAVEC 1969
n=1
simple
to
forked
95¿250 9.5¿35 ?
subgl.
?
subgl.
?
14.8¿16.3
acul. 0.5¿1.4 ¿
SCHÄRER-BIDER
1951
S. minor ?
forked 245 ¿ ?
glob.
?
glob.
?
19¿22
¿ ¿ ¿
Moravec
1969, n=1
S. minor ?
mostly
forked
80¿300 9¿19 ¿ glob.-
subgl.
U
16¿20
tuber. 0.4¿1.4 ¿
LOH. & HÄFFN
1983, n=3
S. minor ?
simple
to
forked
(80)
100¿250
(300)
15¿24 ?
glob.
?
glob.
?
15¿17
acul.-
tuber.
up to
2.0
0.5¿1.2
(1.5)
DONADINI
1983, n=1
S. minor ?
simple
to
forked
160¿320 25¿30 ?
glob.
?
glob.
?
16.5¿18.0
acul. ¿ 0.8¿2.0
IRLET
1984, n=4
S. minor ?
forked 200¿380 17¿26 ?
glob.
?
glob.
?
17¿19
tuber. ¿ 0.5¿1.0
character observed in the living state; U character observed in rehydrated material and stained in CB; ?
material state at time of microscopical research is unknown; n= number of examined collections; acul. acu-
leolate ornamentation; tuber. tuberculate ornamentation; pust. pustulate ornamentation; glob. globose as-
cospores; subgl. subglobose ascospores
8. Collections marked with »S. minor?« represent material that clearly does not
belong to Scutellinia barlae (Boud.) Maire, due to the presence of marginal hairs
with forked bases and to the occurrence of either tuberculate ornamented or small
ascospores (below 17 µm in diameter) noticed by the authors: SCHÄRER-BIDER 1951
as Ciliaria barlae Boud.; MORAVEC 1969 as S. trechispora (Berk. & Broome) Lambotte
var. barlae (Boud.) J. Moravec; LOHMEYER & HÄFFNER 1983 and IRLET 1984 as S.
trechispora (Berk. & Broome) Lambotte. All of the material cited above originates
from alpine or boreo-temperate regions. Although species identity is not certain,
they may represent S. minor (Velen.) Svr~ek, especially collections published by
LOHMEYER & HÄFFNER (1983, ascospores below 17 µm in diameter) and by MO-
RAVEC (1969, subglobose ascospores). The collection published by DONADINI (1983)
as S. trechisperma f. micropilifera may also represent S. minor. The author did not
examine any of these doubtful collections.
It is obvious that the distribution of the ascospore diameter values in both the
Croatian collections of S. barlae and S. minor are totally exclusive (i.e. non-over-
lapping) when treated with the standardised procedure on samples comprising
100 ascospores taken from spore prints and stained with cotton blue. Consequently,
it is not necessary to provide significance tests (Table 4). We may assume that
these two species, as well as some other pezizalean fungi, would be more suc-
cessfully distinguished if standardised procedures were widely and constantly ap-
98 Mato~ec, N.: The genus Scutellinia (Pezizales, Ascomycotina) in Croatia…
Table 3. Comparative graph of ascospore diameter distributions in the Croatian
collection of S. barlae (2/3008) obtained from cotton blue and water media
9. plied. I chose a cotton blue medium in order to treat simultaneously all the quan-
titative ascospore characters including the cyanophilous ornamentation. Therefore
I strongly recommend that:
a) authors, when presenting the morphology of the examined apothecia, al-
ways indicate exactly which measurements (and variability range) were taken
from living structures in water medium and which were obtained from rehy-
drated material,
b) authors apply cotton blue when rehydrated material is studied as both asco-
spore and ornamental dimensions can be measured at the same time from the
every single ascospore, and
c) workers shoud obtain a spore print for ascospore analysis whenever possible
because it is the only reliable source of fully mature ascospores and contains
much more than enough for a single study (ca. 100 ascospores would be enough
to make reliable variation range of the collection).
Ornamentation height, a characteristic that is one of the most valuable in spe-
cies delimitation among critical species in the genus, has little importance in dis-
tinguishing the species S. barlae and S. minor. Although distributions of the asco-
spore ornamentation height in both Croatian collections of these species are highly
overlapping, the collection of S. minor has comparatively higher values in orna-
mentation height than S. barlae when only maximal height values are selected per
ascospore in the sample (Table 5).
Nat. Croat. Vol. 7(2), 1998 99
Table 4. Comparative graph of ascospore diameter distributions in Croatian collec-
tions of S. barlae and S. minor
10. Ornamentation diameter distributions showed almost total overlapping and
therefore have no importance in distinguishing these two species.
Although ascospore ornamentation types in our collections have been deter-
mined only by light microscope (oil immersion objective, cotton blue), they are
fully in agreement with those obtained by SEM microscope (SCHUMACHER 1990,
Figs. 52¿54).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I was aided in fieldwork by Du{an Mrvo{ and Miroslav Samard`i}, both of
whom I wish to thank. I extend my gratitude to dr. Andrija-@eljko Lovri} for
guidance in numerous fairly inaccessible habitats in the Kvarner region as well as
for help in identification of the woody species of the investigated habitats. For
corrections of the English version I thank Graham McMaster and Sandra Harak,
and Vid Strpi} for useful suggestions on the draft.
Received February 15, 1997
100 Mato~ec, N.: The genus Scutellinia (Pezizales, Ascomycotina) in Croatia…
Table 5. Comparative graph of ascospore ornamentation maximum heights distribu-
tions in Croatian collections of S. barlae and S. minor
11. Literature
BARAL, H. O., 1992: Vital versus herbarium taxonomy: Morphological differences between
living and dead cells of ascomycetes, and their taxonomic implications. ¿ Mycotaxon
44(2), 333¿390.
BOUDIER, E., 1905¿1910: Icones Mycologicae, Tome II. Reprint 1981. Piantanida. Lausanne.
BOUDIER, E., 1905¿1910: Icones Mycologicae, Tome V. Liste préliminaire et explication des
planches with revision of the species. Reprint 1985. Piantanida. Lausanne.
DONADINI, J. C., 1983: Le genre Scutellinia (Cooke) Lamb. (I) La section Trechispora Le Gal.
¿ Doc. mycol. 13(49), 9¿37.
ERB, B. & W. MATHEIS, 1983: Pilzmikroskopie. Kosmos, Stuttgart.
HIRSCH, G., 1985: Einige Bemerkungen zur Gattung Scutellinia. ¿ Myk. Mitteilungsblatt 28,
21¿29.
HUHTINEN, S, 1990: A monograph of Hyaloscypha and allied genera. ¿ Karstenia 29(2), 45¿252.
IRLET, B., 1984: Ein Beitrag zur Discomycetenflora der Alpinen Stufe der Schweizer Alpen. ¿
Mycol. Helv. 1(3), 129¿143.
KIRK, P. M. & A. E. ANSELL, 1992: Authors of Fungal Names: Index of Fungi Supplement.
1¿95. Oxon, C. A. B. International.
KULLMAN, B., 1982: A revision of the genus Scutellinia in the Soviet Union. ¿ Scripta Myco-
logica. Tartu 10, 1¿158.
LOHMEYER, T. R. & J. HÄFFNER, 1983: Beiträge zur Taxonomie und Verbreitung der Höheren
Ascomyceten in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland I. Einführung in die Gattung Scutel-
linia (Cooke) Lamb. und ihre rundsporigen Arten. ¿ Westf. Pilzbr. 10/11, 189¿209.
MATO^EC, N., O. ANTONI] & D. MRVO[, 1995: The Genus Scutellinia (Pezizales, Ascomycoti-
na) in Croatia: Preliminary part. ¿ Nat. Croat. 4(1), 1¿58.
MORAVEC, J., 1969: Nefkolik operkulátních diskomycetu z Výsokich Tater, Belankých Tater a
Spi{ské Magury na Slovensku. ¿ ^eská Myk. 23(1), 24¿34.
¿ 1974: Several operculate Discomycetes from Greece and remarks on the genus Scutellinia
(Cooke) Lamb. emend. Le Gal. ¿ ^eská Myk. 28(1), 19¿25.
ORTEGA, A. & M. T. VISOZO, 1991: Fragmentos taxónomicos, corológicos, nomenclaturales y
fitocenológicos. ¿ Acta Botanica Malacitana 16(2), 471¿490.
SCHÄRER-BIDER, W., 1951: Beobachtungen über die Verbreitung einiger höherer Pilze im Wal-
lis. ¿ Bericht über das Geobotanische Forschungsinstitut Rübel in Zürich für das Jahr
1950, 38¿44.
SCHUMACHER, T., 1990: The Genus Scutellinia (Pyronemataceae). ¿ Opera Bot. 101, 1¿107.
¿1993: Ecology and Distribution of the Genus Scutellinia in Norway. ¿ Arctic and alpine
Mycology 3. Bibl. Mycol. 150, 215¿233.
STANNERS, D. & P. BOURDEAU 1995: Europe's Environment: The Dobrfí{ Assessment. Koben-
haven, European Environment Agency.
SVR^EK, M., 1971: Tschechoslowakische Arten der Diskomyzetengattung Scutellinia (Cooke)
Lamb. em. Le Gal (Pezizales) 1. ¿ ^eská Myk. 25(2), 77¿87.
SVR^EK, M. & J. MORAVEC, 1969: Species novae Discomycetum (Pezizales) e Bohemia. ¿
^eská Myk. 23(3), 156¿159.
Nat. Croat. Vol. 7(2), 1998 101
12. S a ` e t a k
Rod Scutellinia (Pezizales, Ascomycotina) u Hrvatskoj II.:
Scutellinia barlae i S. minor
N. Mato~ec
Tijekom proljetnih istra`ivanja diskomiceta godine 1996. na podru~ju Kvarnera
prona|ena je nova, petnaesta vrsta iz roda Scutellinia za mikofloru Hrvatske: Scu-
tellinia barlae (Boud.) Maire. To je ujedno i prvi nalaz tog roda na sjevernom Jadra-
nu u Hrvatskoj. Nalazi{te je smje{teno u relativno vla`nom, fli{nom podru~ju
klanca Vele rike u ju`nom dijelu otoka Krka, na podru~ju {ume hrasta medunca s
crnim grabom. S. barlae je mediteransko-atlantska vrsta prona|ena zasad samo u
Europi, razmjerno slabo poznata i utvr|ena sa sigurno{}u samo na 10 razli~itih
lokaliteta u toplijim podru~jima, prete`no mediteranskim. Zbog toga, taj nalaz
predstavlja va`an prilog poznavanju njene varijacijske {irine. Uvidom u podatke o
njenim nalazi{tima ustanovljeno je da se svi nalaze na podru~ju sa prosje~nom
sije~anjskom temperaturom zraka iznad 0 °C. U Hrvatskoj je vjerojatno ograni~ena
samo na mediteranski prostor. Zbog svega toga nalaz je detaljno obra|en, uspo-
re|en s drugim nalazima iste vrste izvan Hrvatske i uspore|en s nalazom, mor-
folo{ki vrlo sli~ne no ekolo{ki posve razli~ite vrste S. minor predlo`enim, stan-
dardiziranim postupkom. Vrsta S. minor tako|er dosad poznata samo za Europu,
a nastava subalpska, alpska i boreo-polarna podru~ja, prona|ena je u Hrvatskoj
1994. na tek 45 km zra~ne linije udaljenom nalazi{tu u subalpskom bioklimatskom
»otoku« Gorskog kotara u podru~ju nacionalnog parka »Risnjak«. Tako su dosad
poznata nalazi{ta tih dviju vrsta me|usobno najbli`a upravo u Hrvatskoj. U mor-
folo{kom pogledu jasno se razlikuju prema dva kvalitativna taksonomska obi-
lje`ja: gra|i baze rubnih dla~ica plodi{ta i obliku askospora. Promjer askospora,
kao kvantitativno taksonomsko obilje`je, tako|er jasno razdvaja na{e nalaze vrsta
S. barlae i S. minor, ali samo pri standardiziranom postupku, na ~emu bi se moglo
temeljiti jasnije razlu~ivanje i drugih vrsta gljiva iz reda Pezizales. Premda su
dosad poznata nalazi{ta obiju vrsta za oslikavanje njihovih areala nedostatna, ve}
sada je vidljivo kako obje vrste nastavaju posve razli~it bioklimatski prostor, pa
vjerojatno u prirodi ne mo`e do}i do njihova dodira. Izoterma prosje~ne sije-
~anjske temperature zraka od 0 °C potpuno razdvaja sva dosad poznata nalazi{ta
tih dviju vrsta.
102 Mato~ec, N.: The genus Scutellinia (Pezizales, Ascomycotina) in Croatia…
13. Plate 1. Known distribution of the Scutellinia barlae and S. minor
A- Larger map: Europe with depicted isotherm of 0 °C mean air temperature in January (after DE AGOSTINI
1992) with so far known localitites of S. barlae (filled circle) and S. minor (empty circle)
B - Smaller map: Kvarner region and a part of the Gorski kotar region in Croatia
(1) isotherm of 0 °C mean air temperature in January (according to Climatic Atlas of FRY)
(2) researched area in the present field work
(3) researched area in the previous field work
(4) locality of the Scutellinia barlae (filled circle)
M - locality of the Scutellinia minor (empty circle)
Nat. Croat. Vol. 7(2), 1998 103
14. Plate 2. Section of the apothecial margin and paraphyses in S. barlae
exiccata no. 2/3008
Larger scale corresponds to apothecial margin and smaller to paraphyses (par)
104 Mato~ec, N.: The genus Scutellinia (Pezizales, Ascomycotina) in Croatia…
15. Plate 3. Comparative morphology in S. barlae and S. minor
exiccata no. 2/3008 exiccata no. 2/2269
(from MATO^EC et al. 1995)
a - ascospores of S. barlae stained with cotton blue (smaller scale)
b - marginal hairs of S. barlae (larger scale)
c - ascospores of S. minor stained with cotton blue (smaller scale)
d - marginal hairs of S. minor (larger scale)
Nat. Croat. Vol. 7(2), 1998 105