This is a presentation on General Characters of BRYOPHYTE. This presentation was prepared under the guidance of two supervisors from two different universities at two different stages:. 1.Dr.Aamir Raina Assistant Professor at Aligarh Muslim University. 2. Dr.Rajveer Singh Chauhan Assistant Professor at Deen Dayal Upadhyaya University Gorakhpur.

2. GREEK TERM GIVEN BY ROBERT BRYON.
• Bryon =‘Tree-Moss’ ; ‘ Oyster-Green’.
• Phyton = plants.
Father of Bryology - Hedwig
Father of Indian Bryology -Shiv Ram Kashyap
HEDWIG SHIV RAM KASHYAP
ROBERT BYRON

3. • Mostly Semi-Terrestrial
(Amphibians of Plant Kingdom.)
• Moist and shady places.
• Bare rocks and soil.
• Cosmopolitan.
• In India found in Nilgiri Hills,Kullu, Manali
& Himalayas
•
SEMI TERRESTRIAL
BARE ROCKS
NILGIRI HILLS HIMALAYAS

4. • Body is
1.
• True root, stem & leaves absent.
• Avascular plants.
• Flowers,Fruits & seeds not produced.
• Chlorophyll A & B present.
• Cryptogams
RHIZOIDS
1.THALLOID 2.FOLIOSE

5. Vegetative reproduction
2.Tubers
.
3. Gemmae cups.
4.Secondary protenema
1.Fragmentation

6. Oogamous
Male sex organ(Antheridium)
 Pear shaped.
 Contains mass of cell called androcytes.
 Androcytes metamorphoses biflagellate male gamete
antherozoids.
Female Sex Organs(archegonium)
 Stalked.
 Flask –shaped.
 Basal swollen portion called ventor.
 Elongated neck.
 Neck contains neck canal cells & ventor canal cells

7. MALE(ANTHERIDIOPHORE) & FEMALE
(ARCHEGONIOPHORE)
ANTHERIDIUM
ARCHEGONIUM

8. • After Fertilisation zygote is formed.
• Zygote Develops into Embryo
• Embryo Develops into Sporophyte.
• Completely dependent on
gametophyte.
• nutritionally
• Generally differentitated into foot,seta
and capsule
• Foot and capsule(Corsinia)
• Or only capsule (Riccia)

9. • Meispore – First cell.
• Dominant phase.
• Produces anthredia and
archegonia.
• Zygote develops sporophyte and it
remains attached to gametophyte.
• Nutritionally independent.

10. Classification of bryophyte
BRYOPHYTE
HEPATICOPSIDA
(LIVERWORTS)
ANTHECEROTOPSIDA
(HORNWORTS)
BRYOPSIDA(MOSSES)

11. • Liver like thallus.
• Gametophyte thalloid or foliose
• Rhizoids unicellular ,branched &
• septate.
• Columella absent in capsule.
• Examples
• Riccia
• Merchantia
• Spherocarpus,
• Pellia
• Porella
LIVER LIKE THALLUS

12. Riccia Merchantia
Spherocarpus
Pellia Porella

13. • Horn like sporophyte.
• Pyrenoids present in chloroplast.
• Gametophyte thalloid.
• Rhizoids smooth walled.
• Columella present.
• Examples
• Anthoceros
• Megaceros
• Notothylas
Antheceros
Megaceros
Notothylas

14. • Gametophyte is differentiated into protenema &
foliose gametophore.
• Pyrenoids absent in chloroplasts.
• Rhizoids multicellular,filamentous,branched with
oblique septa.
• Columella present.
• Examples
• Funaria
• Sphagnum
• Polytrichum
• Pogonatum.

15. Funaria
Sphagnum
Polytrichum Pogonatum

16. • Sphagnum – Medical Dressing.
• Merchantia- Treatement of
Pulmonary Tuberculosis.
• Polytrichum – used as indicator.
• Polytrichum:Dissolve stones in
kidney and gall bladder.
• Liverworts and mosses:Research
in Genetics.
• Sphagnum :Used as peat moss.

17. • Introduction to Bryophytes
• by Alain Vanderpoorten , Bernard Goffinet .
• Introduction of Bryophyte by Afroz Alam.
• https://byjus.com/neet/classification-of-bryophytes/ on 13/12/22 at
7;05pm.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryophyte on 13/12/22 at 7;40p.m.
• https://www.biologydiscussion.com/bryophyta/reproduction-in-
bryophytes-with-diagram-botany/53844 on 14/12/22 at
8;00p.m
Blawhorn-D0247.jpgliverwort.htmlmosses-and-liverworts.html on
14/12/22 at 7;55p.m.
• http://blogs.ubc.ca/biology321/?page_id=3310 on 14/12/22
at8;30p,m.